Şemdinli

Şemdinli (Kurdish: Şemzînan,[3] Syriac: ܫܲܡܙܕܝܼܢ‎, romanized: Šamzdīn[4]) is a town and district located in the Hakkari Province of southeastern Turkey. It was previously in the Ottoman Vilayet of Van and the district centre was called Nevşehir.[5] The current mayor is Tahir Sakli from the Justice and Development Party (AKP)[6] and the current district governor (kaymakam) is Yakup Güven.[7]

Şemdinli
District
A view of Şemdinli
Şemdinli
Coordinates: 37°18′00″N 44°34′00″E
Country Turkey
ProvinceHakkâri
Government
 • MayorTahir Sakli (AKP)
 • KaymakamYakup Güven
Area
 • District1,661.05 km2 (641.33 sq mi)
Population
 (2012)[2]
 • Urban
21,048
 • District
67,173
 • District density40/km2 (100/sq mi)
Post code
30800
Websitewww.semdinli.bel.tr

Located at the farthest corner of Turkey, the district of Şemdinli is a mountainous land. There is a visible military presence in the town, owing to the strategic position of the town astride a mountain route connecting the least-controllable corners of Iran and Iraq.

Assyrians
Further information: Shemsdin (East Syrian Ecclesiastical Province)

The district of Şemdinli was the center of the Assyrian Nochiya and home of the Assyrian Khnanisho Matran Family. The Nochiya tribe of Şemdinli are well known for their adherence to the Assyrian Church of the East faith, growing tobacco, and for their religious customs (such as lent and prayer were strictly observed).[8]

Kurds

Sheikh Ubeydullah, who began an uprising against the Ottoman Empire in 1879 was from Nehri, a village in the Semdinli district.[9]

Conflict between the PKK and the Turkish state forces
Further information: Şemdinli incident

A bomb exploded in Şemdinli town centre on November 1, 2005. It was officially attributed to the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), an armed Kurdish militant group. On November 9 one man was killed in a grenade attack on a local bookshop. The suspects of this attack, however, were caught in the act by bystanders. They were said to be members of a Turkish Gendarmerie unit, JITEM. The resulting investigation developed into a major political issue in Turkey in the first half of 2006.[10] After a lengthy legal process the three suspects were eventually sentenced to 39 years.

Investigations concerning the Şemdinli bombing trial were blocked by the military, and all the judges and prosecutor associated with the Şemdinli bookshop bombing case transferred from Van to other cities following a June 2007 decree.[11]

Clashes in 2012
Further information: Operation Dawn (2012)

On 23 July 2012, Turkish security forces began a major security offensive, backed by airpower, against the PKK around Şemdinli. Interior minister, İdris Naim Şahin, explained that the forces were attempting to block the PKK's escape routes into northern Iraq, and that as many as 115 PKK fighters had been killed. Television news channel, Nergis Televizyonu (NTV), claimed that up to two thousand troops were involved in the operation. On 5 August 2012, PKK forces fired on a military post in the village of Gecimli, triggering clashes that killed 22 fighters, soldiers and village guards, and injuring 15 others, including five civilians. The military post was one of a number attacked in Hakkâri Province, although there were no reports of casualties in the other incidents.[12]

Climate

Şemdinli has a hot, dry-summer continental climate (Köppen: Dsa).

Climate data for Şemdinli
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3)		 2.9
(37.2)		 7.9
(46.2)		 14.8
(58.6)		 21.4
(70.5)		 27.5
(81.5)		 31.7
(89.1)		 31.9
(89.4)		 27.9
(82.2)		 21.2
(70.2)		 12.6
(54.7)		 3.7
(38.7)		 17.1
(62.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −2.5
(27.5)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 3.4
(38.1)		 9.7
(49.5)		 15.2
(59.4)		 20.8
(69.4)		 24.7
(76.5)		 24.7
(76.5)		 20.4
(68.7)		 14.7
(58.5)		 7.5
(45.5)		 0.1
(32.2)		 11.4
(52.5)
Average low °C (°F) −6.2
(20.8)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 4.6
(40.3)		 9.1
(48.4)		 14.1
(57.4)		 17.7
(63.9)		 17.5
(63.5)		 13.0
(55.4)		 8.2
(46.8)		 2.5
(36.5)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 5.9
(42.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 71
(2.8)		 81
(3.2)		 93
(3.7)		 101
(4.0)		 55
(2.2)		 11
(0.4)		 3
(0.1)		 2
(0.1)		 4
(0.2)		 27
(1.1)		 61
(2.4)		 64
(2.5)		 573
(22.7)
Source: Climate-Data.org[13]

References
  1. "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. Avcýkýran, Dr. Adem (ed.). "Kürtçe Anamnez, Anamneza bi Kurmancî" (PDF). Tirsik. p. 55. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  4. Maclean, Arthur John (1901). Dictionary of the Dialects of Vernacular Syriac. p. 308. Retrieved 2020-05-07.
  5. http://www.brillonline.nl/subscriber/uid=1380/entry?entry=islam_SIM-6803
  6. Şafak, Yeni (2019-12-15). "Hakkari Şemdinli Seçim Sonuçları – Şemdinli Yerel Seçim Sonuçları". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-12-15.
  7. "Kaymakamımız Yakup GÜVEN". www.semdinli.gov.tr. Retrieved 2019-12-15.
  8. Solomon (Sawa) Solomon from Nineveh Magazine 1st & 2nd quarter 1997, vol. 20, no 1&2.
  9. Nikitin, Vasiliĭ Petrovich; Nikitine, Basile (1956). Les Kurdes: étude sociologique et historique (in French). Paris: Impr. nationale. p. 129.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  10. "Court says senior officers involved in Şemdinli bombing". Turkish Daily News. 2006-07-19. Archived from the original on 2008-09-19. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
  11. Retrograde Human Rights Trends and Stagnation of the Human Rights Reform Process, 4th part of the Human Rights Watch July 2007 report titled "Turkey: Human Rights Concerns in the Lead up to July Parliamentary Elections".
  12. "Turkish Troops Kill 115 Kurdish Rebels as Offensive Blocks Escape Routes to Iraq". The Guardian. London. Associated Press. 5 August 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
  13. "Climate:Şemdinli". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
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