Diyarbakır Province

Diyarbakır Province (Turkish: Diyarbakır ili, Zazaki:Suke Diyarbekır[2] Kurdish: Parêzgeha Amedê‎[3]), is a province in southeastern Turkey. The province covers an area of 15,355 km2 and its population is 1,528,958. The provincial capital is the city of Diyarbakır. The province has a Kurdish majority and is considered part of Turkish Kurdistan.[4][5]

For other uses, see Diyarbakir Province (disambiguation).
Diyarbakır Province

Diyarbakır ili
Province of Turkey
Location of Diyarbakır Province in Turkey
CountryTurkey
RegionSoutheast Anatolia
SubregionŞanlıurfa
Government
 • Electoral districtDiyarbakır
 • GovernorMünir Karaloğlu
Area
 • Total15,355 km2 (5,929 sq mi)
Population
 (2018)[1]
 • Total1,732,396
 • Density110/km2 (290/sq mi)
Area code(s)0412
Vehicle registration21

History

It has been home to many civilisations and the surrounding area including itself is home to many Mesolithic era stone carvings and artifacts. The province has been ruled by the Akkadians, Hurrians, Mittani, Medes, Hittites, Armenians, Arameans, Neo-Babylonians, Achaemenids, Greeks, Romans, Parthia, Byzantium, Sassanids, Arabs, Seljuk Empire, Mongol Empire, Safavid dynasty, Marwanids, and Ayyubids.

In Turkey

In order to Turkify the local population,[6] in June 1927 the Law 1164 was passed[7] which allowed the creation of Inspectorates-General (Turkish: Umumi Müffetişlik, UM).[8] The Diyarbakır province was therefore included in the so-called First Inspectorate General (Turkish: Birinci Umumi Müffetişlik), which span over the provinces of Hakkâri, Siirt, Van, Mardin, Bitlis, Sanlıurfa, Elaziğ and Diyarbakır.[9]The first UM was created on the 1 January 1928 and centered in Diyarbakır.[10] The UM was governed by an Inspector General, who governed with a wide-ranging authority over civilian, juridical and military matters.[8] The office of the Inspector General was dissolved in 1952 during the government of the Democrat Party.[11] The Diyarbakır province though was still banned for foreign citizens until 1965.[9] Within the policy of turkification, during the 1930s, several place-names in the province were renamed into names which denoted a Turkish origin.[12]

Modern history

From 1987 to 2002, Diyarbakir Province was part of the OHAL (State of emergency) region which was declared to counter the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and governed by a so called Supergovernor who got invested with additional powers than a normal Governor. In 1987 he was given the power to relocate and resettle whole villages, settlements and hamlets.[13] In December 1990 with the Decree No. 430, the supergovernor and the provincial governors in the OHAL region received immunity against any legal prosecution in connections with actions they made due to the powers they received with the Decree No. 430.[14]

Archaeology

Archaeologists headed by the vice-rector of Dicle University, professor Ahmet Tanyıldız have claimed to discover the graves of the Seljuk Sultan of Rum Kilij Arslan I who defeated the Crusaders. They also revailed his daughter Saide Hatun's burial in Silvan. Researchers dug 2 meters deep across a 35-square-meter area and focused their works on two gravesites in Orta Çeşme Park.[15][16]

Districts

Diyarbakır province is divided into 14 districts:

Population

Assyrian and Armenian population in Diyarbakır Province in 1915-1916[17]
Sect Before World War I Disappeared (killed) After World War I
Armenians Gregorians (Apostolic) 60,000 58,000 (97%) 2,000
Armenian Catholics 12,500 11,500 (92%) 1,000
Assyrians Chaldean Catholics 11,120 10,010 (90%) 1,110
Syriac Catholic 5,600 3,450 (62%) 2,150
Syriac Orthodox 84,725 60,725 (72%) 24,000
Protestants 725 500 (69%) 2,150

See also

References
  1. "Population of provinces by years - 2000-2018". Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  2. Zazaca -Türkçe Sözlük, R. Hayıg-B. Werner
  3. "Odeya Pizîşkên Amedê: 200 kes bi koronayê ketine". Rûpela nû (in Turkish). 8 April 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  4. Watts, Nicole F. (2010). Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey (Studies in Modernity and National Identity). Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-295-99050-7.
  5. "Kurds, Kurdistān". Encyclopaedia of Islam (2 ed.). BRILL. 2002. ISBN 9789004161214.
  6. Üngör, Umut. "Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913- 1950" (PDF). University of Amsterdam. pp. 244–247. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  7. Aydogan, Erdal. "Üçüncü Umumi Müfettişliği'nin Kurulması ve III. Umumî Müfettiş Tahsin Uzer'in Bazı Önemli Faaliyetleri". Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  8. Bayir, Derya (2016-04-22). Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law. Routledge. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-317-09579-8.
  9. Jongerden, Joost (2007-01-01). The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds: An Analysis of Spatical Policies, Modernity and War. BRILL. pp. 53. ISBN 978-90-04-15557-2.CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  10. Umut, Üngör. "Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913- 1950" (PDF). University of Amsterdam. p. 258. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  11. Bozarslan, Hamit (2008-04-17). Fleet, Kate; Faroqhi, Suraiya; Kasaba, Reşat; Kunt, I. Metin (eds.). The Cambridge History of Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 343. ISBN 978-0-521-62096-3.
  12. Üngör, Uğur (2011), The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913–1950. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 244. ISBN 0-19-960360-X.
  13. Jongerden, Joost (2007). The Settlement Issue in Turkey and the Kurds. Brill. pp. 141-142. ISBN 978-90-47-42011-8.
  14. Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project (4 October 2002). "Profile of internal displacement: Turkey" (PDF). p. 78.
  15. Gershon, Livia. "Turkish Archaeologists Discover Grave of Sultan Who Defeated Crusaders". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
  16. AA, DAILY SABAH WITH (2021-01-13). "Anatolian Seljuk Sultan Kılıç Arslan I's grave found in SE Turkey". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
  17. Gaunt, David. Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia during World War I. Piscataway, N.J.: Gorgias Press, 2006, p. 433.

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