1872 Canadian federal election

The 1872 Canadian federal election was held from July 20 to October 12, 1872, to elect members of the House of Commons of Canada of the 2nd Parliament of Canada. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald's Conservative Party remained in power, defeating the Liberals. However, the Liberals increased their parliamentary representation considerably, while the Conservative seat count remained static, giving them only five more seats than the Liberals. The election produced the country's first minority government. The support of two independent Conservative MPs functionally gave Macdonald an extremely slim majority that allowed it to survive for two years, until it fell due to scandal.

1872 Canadian federal election

July 20–October 12, 1872
200 seats in the House of Commons 101 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	70.3%[1] (2.8pp)
First party Second party   Leader John A. Macdonald Edward Blake (unofficial) Party Conservative Liberal Leader since 1867 Leader's seat Kingston Bruce South Last election 100 seats, 34.5% 62 seats, 22.7% Seats won 100 95 Seat change 33 Popular vote 123,100 110,556 Percentage 38.7% 34.7% Swing 4.2% 12.0%
1872 Canadian electoral map
The Canadian parliament after the 1872 election
Prime Minister before election John A. Macdonald Conservative Prime Minister after election John A. Macdonald Conservative

Edward Blake, who had a seat in both the House of Commons of Canada and the Ontario legislature, resigned as Premier of Ontario in order to run in the 1872 federal election as dual mandates had been abolished. Had the Liberals won the election, he likely would have been offered the position of Prime Minister of Canada. The party had no formal leader as such until 1873 when Alexander Mackenzie was given the title after Blake declined due to ill health. Blake was ill during much of the 1872 campaign, and it was Mackenzie who essentially led the Liberal campaign in Ontario, though not outside the province.

The 1872 general election was the first to include the new provinces of Manitoba and British Columbia, which had both joined Canada after the Confederation of 1867. By-elections had been held in both provinces to elect Members of Parliament in the newly created ridings, with Manitoba receiving four seats and British Columbia five. In 1873, PEI joined Confederation and six more seats were added to the House of Commons, all filled by acclamations.