By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament

By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament were held to fill vacancies in the House of Commons of Canada between the 2015 and the 2019 federal elections. The 42nd Canadian Parliament existed from 2015 to 2019 with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the Canadian federal election held on October 19, 2015. The Liberal Party of Canada had a majority government during this Parliament.

By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament
Map of relevant by-election results by riding. Ridings shaded in gray did not hold a by-election.

A by-election was held on October 24, 2016, following the death of Jim Hillyer (Conservative, Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner) on March 23, 2016.[1]

Five by-elections were held on April 3, 2017: One following the death of Mauril Bélanger (Liberal, Ottawa—Vanier) on August 16, 2016.[2] A second was held due to the former prime minister Stephen Harper's (Conservative, Calgary Heritage) resignation from parliament on August 26,[3] A third was held due to the resignation of Jason Kenney (Conservative, Calgary Midnapore), on September 23,[4] to enter provincial politics and pursue the leadership of the Alberta PCs.[5][6] Two others were called for Markham—Thornhill and Saint-Laurent, respectively following the appointments of John McCallum and Stéphane Dion (both Liberal) as Ambassadors to China and Germany, respectively.[7][8] They officially resigned their seats in the House of Commons on January 31, 2017.[9][10]

Two further by-elections were held on October 23, 2017, in Sturgeon River—Parkland and Lac-Saint-Jean, following the resignations of former interim Conservative leader Rona Ambrose on July 4, 2017, and former Conservative deputy leader Denis Lebel on August 9.[11][12][13]

Four by-elections were held on December 11, 2017,[14] due to the death on September 14, 2017, of Arnold Chan (Liberal, Scarborough—Agincourt),[15] the resignations effective September 30, of former cabinet minister Judy Foote (Liberal, Bonavista—Burin—Trinity),[16] and Dianne Watts (Conservative, South Surrey—White Rock) to enter provincial politics and pursue the leadership of the British Columbia Liberal Party,[17] and in Battlefords—Lloydminster due to the resignation of Conservative MP Gerry Ritz on October 2.[18]

One by-election was held on June 18, 2018 following the resignation of Denis Lemieux (Liberal, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord)[19] on December 1, 2017.[20][21]

One by-election was held on December 3, 2018 following the death of Gord Brown (Conservative, Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes) on May 2, 2018.[22]

Three additional by-elections were held on February 25, 2019 due to the announcement by former New Democratic Party leader Tom Mulcair of his resignation of the seat of Outremont on August 3, 2018 to accept an academic position,[23][24] the announcement by NDP MP Kennedy Stewart of his resignation of the seat of Burnaby South on September 17 to run for Mayor of Vancouver,[25][26] and the announcement by Conservative MP Peter Van Loan of his resignation of the seat of York—Simcoe on September 30, 2018.[27][28]

A further vacancy occurred due to the resignation on January 2, 2019, of Sheila Malcolmson (NDP, Nanaimo—Ladysmith) to enter provincial politics.[29] However, the government announced that no federal by-election would be called in the riding before the provincial by-election held on January 30, 2019, in order to avoid an "overlap".[30]

The writ for a by-election must be dropped no sooner than 11 days and no later than 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer is officially notified of a vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker. Under the Canada Elections Act, the minimum length of a campaign is 36 days between dropping the writ and election day.[31]

Due to the passage of Bill C-76 which made an amendment[32] to the Parliament of Canada Act that took effect January 19, 2019[33] no writ for the election of a member of the House shall be issued if the vacancy occurs less than nine months before the date fixed under the Canada Elections Act for the next general election. As a result, the cut-off date for a vacancy to cause a by-election for the 42nd Parliament was January 21, 2019. Any vacancies that occurred after that date were not filled until the next federal election on October 21, 2019.[34][35]

Nicola Di Iorio (Liberal, Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel) resigned on January 29, 2019,[35][36][37][38][39] eight days after the deadline for a vacancy to occur and cause a by-election. Raj Grewal (Brampton East) had announced on November 23, 2018 that he intended to resign his seat due to a gambling addiction but later announced, on November 30, that he was resigning from the Liberal caucus but would keep his seat as an Independent for the time being.[40] On January 25, 2019, he announced that he would keep his seat in parliament until the next federal election in October.[41]

Overview
By-electionDateIncumbentPartyWinnerPartyCauseRetained
Nanaimo—Ladysmith May 6, 2019 Sheila Malcolmson New Democratic Paul Manly Green Resigned to enter provincial politics No
York—Simcoe February 25, 2019 Peter Van Loan Conservative Scot Davidson Conservative Resigned Yes
Burnaby South February 25, 2019 Kennedy Stewart New Democratic Jagmeet Singh New Democratic Resigned to run for Mayor of Vancouver Yes
Outremont February 25, 2019 Tom Mulcair New Democratic Rachel Bendayan Liberal Resigned to accept an academic appointment No
Leeds—Grenville—
Thousand Islands
and Rideau Lakes		 December 3, 2018 Gord Brown Conservative Michael Barrett Conservative Death (heart attack) Yes
Chicoutimi—Le Fjord June 18, 2018 Denis Lemieux Liberal Richard Martel Conservative Resigned No
Battlefords—Lloydminster December 11, 2017 Gerry Ritz Conservative Rosemarie Falk Conservative Resigned Yes
South Surrey—White Rock December 11, 2017 Dianne Watts Conservative Gordie Hogg Liberal Resigned to seek the leadership of the British Columbia Liberal Party No
Bonavista—Burin—Trinity December 11, 2017 Judy Foote Liberal Churence Rogers Liberal Resigned Yes
Scarborough—Agincourt December 11, 2017 Arnold Chan Liberal Jean Yip Liberal Death (nasopharyngeal cancer) Yes
Lac-Saint-Jean October 23, 2017 Denis Lebel Conservative Richard Hébert Liberal Resigned to accept a position in the private sector No
Sturgeon River—Parkland October 23, 2017 Rona Ambrose Conservative Dane Lloyd Conservative Resigned to accept an academic appointment Yes
Saint-Laurent April 3, 2017 Stéphane Dion Liberal Emmanuella Lambropoulos Liberal Resigned to accept appointment as Canadian Ambassador to Germany Yes
Markham—Thornhill April 3, 2017 John McCallum Liberal Mary Ng Liberal Resigned to accept appointment as Canadian Ambassador to China Yes
Calgary Midnapore April 3, 2017 Jason Kenney Conservative Stephanie Kusie Conservative Resigned to seek the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta Yes
Calgary Heritage April 3, 2017 Stephen Harper Conservative Bob Benzen Conservative Resigned Yes
Ottawa—Vanier April 3, 2017 Mauril Bélanger Liberal Mona Fortier Liberal Death (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) Yes
Medicine Hat—
Cardston—Warner		 October 24, 2016 Jim Hillyer Conservative Glen Motz Conservative Death (heart attack) Yes

October 24, 2016 by-election

Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner

A by-election was held on October 24, 2016,[1] in the riding of Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner, which had been vacant since March 23, 2016, when Conservative Party of Canada MP Jim Hillyer died in his office following a heart attack.[42] The riding has been held by centre-right parties since Bert Hargrave defeated Liberal incumbent Bud Olson, himself a former Social Credit MP, in 1972.[1] This was the first by-election in the 108-year history of the Medicine Hat constituency. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on March 24, 2016.

Retired Medicine Hat Police inspector Glen Motz[1] defeated businessman Brian Benoit, former Cardston-Taber-Warner and Calgary-Glenmore MLA Paul Hinman, lawyer Michael W. Jones, and party worker Joe Schow for the Conservative nomination, which was held in late June.[43] Cypress-Medicine Hat MLA Drew Barnes, former Medicine Hat MLA Blake Pedersen, and Dan Hein, Hillyer's closest competitor for the nomination in 2015, all declined to run for the Conservative nomination despite speculation to the contrary.[44]

Well-known Medicine Hat businessman Stan Sakamoto was the Liberal candidate.[1]

The Libertarian Party of Canada nominated Sheldon Johnston as its candidate.[45] The Libertarians and the Rhinoceros Party nominated candidates for the first time in Medicine Hat.

Canadian federal by-election, October 24, 2016: Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner
Death of Jim Hillyer
Party Candidate Votes%±%
ConservativeGlen Motz23,93269.85+1.05
LiberalStan Sakamoto8,77825.62+7.68
Christian HeritageRod Taylor7022.05
New DemocraticBeverly Ann Waege3531.03−8.64
LibertarianSheldon Johnston2840.83
RhinocerosKayne Cooper2110.62
Total valid votes/Expense limit 34,260 100.00 –  
Total rejected ballots -
Turnout 44.54
Eligible voters 76,911
Conservative hold Swing −3.32
Sources: Elections Canada[46]

April 3, 2017 by-elections

Ottawa—Vanier

A by-election was held on April 3, 2017,[2] in the riding of Ottawa—Vanier, which had been vacant since the death of Mauril Bélanger on August 16, 2016, from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also known as Lou Gehrig's disease). The riding was one of the most solidly Liberal in the country, having elected Liberals both federally and provincially in every election since its creation in 1935.[47] The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on August 23, 2016.

After several prominent potential candidates, including Bélanger's widow Catherine Bélanger, Ottawa councillors Tobi Nussbaum and Tim Tierney, and 2014 council candidate Catherine Fortin LeFaivre[48][49] declined to run, eight candidates sought the Liberal nomination: Senate staffer Khatera Akbari, lawyer Jean Claude Dubuisson, communications consultant Mona Fortier, Liberal staffer Eric Khaiat, former Cape Breton Highlands—Canso MP Francis LeBlanc, public servant Ainsley Malhotra, former executive director of The Humanitarian Coalition Nicolas Moyer, and Unique FM executive director Véronique Soucy. Up to 6,500 party members were eligible to vote in the nomination contest. Mona Fortier won the nomination on February 5, 2017.[50][51]

Unsuccessful 2015 candidate Emilie Taman, a University of Ottawa law professor and daughter of former Supreme Court Justice Louise Arbour, ran again for the NDP.[48]

Parliament Hill staffer Adrian Papara defeated former New Brunswick MLA Joel Bernard for the Conservative Party nomination, decided on February 16.[52]

Educator and community activist Nira Dookeran was the Green candidate.[53]

Canadian federal by-election, April 3, 2017: Ottawa—Vanier
Death of Mauril Bélanger
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalMona Fortier15,19051.20−6.37
New DemocraticEmilie Taman8,52328.73+9.48
ConservativeAdrian Paul Papara4,57815.43−3.68
GreenNira Dookeran9873.33+0.26
IndependentJohn Turmel1530.52
LibertarianDamien Wilson1370.46−0.33
IndependentChristina Wilson990.33
Total valid votes/Expense limit 29,667 100.0   –  
Total rejected ballots -
Turnout
Eligible voters 86,998
Liberal hold Swing −7.91

Calgary Heritage

The riding of Calgary Heritage became vacant when former Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper resigned his seat on August 26, 2016, to return to private life, including accepting directorships on corporate boards and establishing a consultancy firm.[3] The electoral district was created for the 2015 federal election and has had Harper as its only MP; however, it is largely composed of the former riding of Calgary Southwest which was held by conservative parties throughout its existence.

Bob Benzen, a small business owner and member of the Calgary Heritage Conservative Association[54] defeated Rick Billington, a lawyer and the former president of the Calgary Heritage Conservative Association, and city prosecutor Paul Frank for the Conservative nomination, which was decided on October 23.[55] Former Calgary Centre MP Joan Crockatt, party insider Alan Hallman, former Medicine Hat MP Monte Solberg, and Dan Williams, a former staffer to Calgary Midnapore MP Jason Kenney, all declined to run for the nomination despite speculation to the contrary.[3] Ric McIver, leader of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta and MLA for Calgary-Hays, stated that he would not run.[3]

Rumoured candidates for the Liberal nomination included physician Brendan Miles, the 2015 candidate in this riding, Chima Nkemdirim, the chief of staff to Calgary Mayor Naheed Nenshi, and former Conservative MP Lee Richardson.[3] On February 8, 2017, the Liberal nomination was won by physician Scott Forsyth,[56] defeating Steven Turner and Kanwar Gill.[57][58]

Khalis Ahmed won the uncontested NDP nomination.[59]

Taryn Knorren defeated Brennan Wauters for the Green Party of Canada nomination.[60]

The Libertarian candidate was Darcy Gerow.[58]

Businesswoman and former Dragons' Den star Arlene Dickinson was considered a potential candidate until she declined interest on January 22. Dickinson stated she had supported parts of both Conservative and Liberal platforms in the past, but considers herself non-partisan.[61]

The by-election was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on August 29, 2016. The last day a by-election could have been announced was February 25, 2017, with an election held at least 36 days after being announced.[62]

Canadian federal by-election, April 3, 2017: Calgary Heritage
Resignation of Stephen Harper
Party Candidate Votes%±%
ConservativeBob Benzen19,38971.49+7.72
LiberalScott Forsyth5,88921.71−4.26
New DemocraticKhalis Ahmed7842.89−4.39
GreenTaryn Knorren4841.78−0.35
Christian HeritageJeff Willerton3831.41
LibertarianDarcy Gerow1130.42
National AdvancementStephen J. Garvey790.29
Total valid votes/Expense limit 27,121 100.0   –  
Total rejected ballots -
Turnout
Eligible voters 81,036
Conservative hold Swing +4.70

Calgary Midnapore

The riding of Calgary Midnapore was vacated by Conservative MP Jason Kenney who resigned his seat effective September 23, 2016,[4] to seek the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta.[5][6] The electoral district was created for the 2015 federal election and has had Kenney as its only MP, however predecessor ridings from which Calgary Midnapore was created had, since the 1993 federal election, successively elected Reform, Canadian Alliance and Conservative MPs.

Former diplomat Stephanie Kusie[63] defeated entrepreneur Myles McDougall[64] and local federal riding association president Jack Redekop[65] for the Conservative nomination, held on January 14, 2017.[63]

Haley Brown was acclaimed as the Liberal candidate on January 22.[66]

Holly Heffernan was acclaimed as the NDP candidate on February 6.[67]

Ryan Zedic was acclaimed as the Green Party of Canada candidate on December 8, 2016.[68]

The by-election, held on April 3, 2017, was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on September 23, 2016. The last day a by-election could have been announced was March 22, 2017, with an election held at least 36 days afterwards.[62]

Canadian federal by-election, April 3, 2017: Calgary Midnapore
Resignation of Jason Kenney
Party Candidate Votes%±%
ConservativeStephanie Kusie22,45477.17+10.44
LiberalHaley Brown4,95017.01−5.64
New DemocraticHolly Heffernan7352.53−5.20
GreenRyan Zedic6252.15−0.51
Christian HeritageLarry R. Heather2510.86
National AdvancementKulbir Singh Chawla810.28
Total valid votes/Expense limit 29,096 100.0   –  
Total rejected ballots -
Turnout
Eligible voters 89,436
Conservative hold Swing +8.08

Markham—Thornhill

The riding of Markham—Thornhill was vacated on February 1, 2017,[8][9] following the appointment of Liberal MP and Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship John McCallum as Ambassador to China.[7] The electoral district was created for the 2015 federal election and has had McCallum as its only MP, however McCallum had represented predecessor ridings from which Markham—Thornhill was created since the 2000 federal election.

Justin Trudeau's director of appointments and former senior Queen's Park staffer Mary Ng,[69] defeated small business owner Nadeem Quereshi[64] and technology entrepreneur Afraj Gill[64] for the Liberal nomination on March 4, 2017.[70] Ontario cabinet minister and Markham—Unionville MPP Michael Chan, 2015 Markham—Unionville Liberal candidate Bang-Gu Jiang,[71] businesswoman Sofia Sun,[71] and former city councillor Khalid Usman were rumoured to be possible candidates but all of them ultimately endorsed Ng.[69][71] Other speculated candidates for the Liberal nomination who did not run included Markham Regional councillor Jack Heath and Markham Mayor Frank Scarpitti.[72]

Liberal nomination contestant and school trustee Juanita Nathan initially ran for her party's nomination but withdrew in protest of the Liberal Party's handling of the nomination process.[73][74]

Radio host and newspaper columnist Gavan Paranchothy defeated CIBC economist Theodore Antony,[64] former senior Queen's Park staffer Lara Coombs,[64] former Don Valley East MP Joe Daniel,[64] and parental rights advocate John Himanen[64] for the Conservative Party nomination on March 8.[75] Paranchothy previously ran for the party in 2011 in Scarborough Southwest.

Small business owner Gregory Hines defeated insurance broker Marco Coletta for the NDP nomination.[64] Hines previously ran for the party in Markham—Stouffville in 2015.

Independent candidate Above Znoneofthe is a resident of Oshawa, formerly named Sheldon Bergson, who legally changed his name in 2015 so that he could register as a "none of the above" protest candidate in the 2015 federal election;[76] although he did not complete the process in time to register for that election, he first ran in the provincial Whitby—Oshawa by-election of 2016. He has since registered as a candidate in several other provincial and federal by-elections.[77]

The by-election, held on April 3, 2017, was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on February 6, 2017; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for the by-election had to be issued no earlier than February 17, 2017, and no later than August 5, 2017. The election date must be set to be a Monday at least 36 days after the writ is issued.[78]

Canadian federal by-election, April 3, 2017: Markham—Thornhill
Resignation of John McCallum
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalMary Ng9,85651.53−4.19
ConservativeRagavan Paranchothy7,50139.22+6.91
New DemocraticGregory Hines6713.51−7.21
Progressive CanadianDorian Baxter5662.96
GreenCaryn Bergmann4262.23+0.98
LibertarianBrendan Thomas Reilly1180.62
IndependentAbove Znoneofthe770.40
Total valid votes/Expense limit 19,125 100.0   –  
Total rejected ballots -
Turnout 27.51
Eligible voters 69,838
Liberal hold Swing −5.55

Saint-Laurent

The riding of Saint-Laurent was vacated on February 6, 2017,[8][10] following the appointment of Liberal MP and former Minister of Foreign Affairs Stéphane Dion as Canada's Ambassador to the European Union and Germany.[8] The riding (previously called Saint-Laurent—Cartierville) has been represented by Dion since 1996, and has been held by the Liberals since its creation in 1988.[47]

Candidates for the Liberal nomination included former Nelligan MNA and provincial cabinet minister Yolande James, and tax law professor Marwah Rizqy, the 2015 Liberal candidate in Hochelaga. Saint-Laurent Borough Mayor and Montreal City Councillor Alan DeSousa intended to run for the nomination but was rejected by the party's nomination committee.[79][80] In what was seen as a surprising result, both James and Rizqy were defeated for the Liberal nomination by local educator Emmanuella Lambropoulos.

Jimmy Yu, a Conservative Party national councillor, was named the Conservative candidate on March 8.[81] Yu previously ran for the party in the same riding in 2015. Conservative leadership candidate and venture capitalist Rick Peterson had expressed interest in running for the nomination, but declined on March 7.[82]

Mathieu Auclair was named the New Democratic Party's candidate.[64]

William Fayad was named the Bloc Québécois candidate.[64]

Deputy Leader Daniel Green was named the Green Party candidate.[83]

The by-election, held on April 3, 2017, was announced on February 22, 2017. The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on February 8, 2017; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for the by-election had to be issued no earlier than February 19, 2017, and no later than August 7, 2017. The election date must be set to be a Monday at least 36 days after the writ is issued.[84]

Canadian federal by-election, April 3, 2017: Saint-Laurent
Resignation of Stéphane Dion
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalEmmanuella Lambropoulos11,46159.13−2.44
ConservativeJimmy Yu3,78419.52+0.01
Green Daniel Green1,5487.99+5.57
New DemocraticMathieu Auclair1,5117.80−3.72
Bloc QuébécoisWilliam Fayad9514.91+0.25
RhinocerosChinook Blais-Leduc1290.67–
Total valid votes/Expense limit 19,384 100.0   –
Total rejected ballots 255 1.30 +0.30
Turnout 19,639 28.33 −30.65
Eligible voters 69,302
Liberal hold Swing −1.24

October 23, 2017 by-elections

Sturgeon River—Parkland

The riding of Sturgeon River—Parkland was vacated on July 4, 2017, due to the resignation of Rona Ambrose whose term as interim Conservative Party of Canada leader ended with the election of her successor on May 27, 2017.[85] Ambrose announced her decision to resign to the Conservative Party caucus on May 12, 2017, and her decision was made public on May 15.[85] The suburban Edmonton riding was created for the 2015 federal election and has had Ambrose as its sole MP. It was created predominantly out of the former electoral district of Edmonton—Spruce Grove – for which Ambrose was the MP since its inception at the 2004 federal election – as well as Westlock—St. Paul which was held only by Conservatives from its creation in 2004 until it was abolished in 2015, as well as a small portion from the Yellowhead constituency which has been Conservative since 2003, and was previously held successively by the Progressive Conservatives, Reform Party and Canadian Alliance.

Former parliamentary staffer Dane Lloyd[86][87] defeated businessman and former 2017 Conservative leadership contestant Rick Peterson,[88] Ambrose constituency staffer Luke Inberg[89] and former Prime Minister's Office staffer Jamie Mozeson[90] for the Conservative nomination. A rumoured candidate for the Conservative nomination was Garry Keller, who served as Ambrose's chief of staff.[91] On August 25, Keller declared he would not run for the nomination.[92] The nomination to choose a Conservative candidate was held over two days, September 23 and 24.[93]

University of Alberta professor Brian Gold was acclaimed the Liberal Party candidate.[94] Gold previously ran for the party in 2015 in Edmonton Griesbach.

Medical laboratory technologist Shawna Gawreluck was selected as the NDP candidate.[94]

Educator Ernest Chauvet defeated businessman Kevin Schulthies for the Christian Heritage Party nomination on September 14.[95]

The warrant issued by the Speaker regarding the vacancy was received by the Chief Electoral Officer on July 4, 2017; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no sooner than August 21, 2017, and no later than December 31, 2017 (11 and 180 days, respectively, from the warrant receipt date).[62] On September 17, 2017, the writ was dropped for a by-election held on October 23, 2017.[13]

Canadian federal by-election, October 23, 2017: Sturgeon River—Parkland
Resignation of Rona Ambrose
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
ConservativeDane Lloyd16,12577.36+7.13
LiberalBrian Gold2,50812.03−3.55
New DemocraticShawna Gawreluck1,6067.70−2.32
Christian HeritageErnest Chauvet6052.90+1.78
Total valid votes/Expense limit 20,844 
Total rejected ballots
Turnout
Eligible voters
Conservative hold Swing +5.34
Source: Elections Canada

Lac-Saint-Jean

The riding of Lac-Saint-Jean was vacated on August 9, 2017, due to the resignation of former Conservative cabinet minister and deputy leader of the Conservative Party, Denis Lebel.[12] Lebel announced his decision to resign on June 19, 2017, saying that his resignation would take effect prior to the beginning of the fall session of parliament. He had been an MP for 10 years, representing Lac-Saint-Jean since its creation in 2015 and the former riding of Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean from 2007 until 2015.[12] What is now Lac-Saint-Jean was previously represented by the Bloc Québécois from 1993 to 2007 and, provincially, three of the area's five seats are held by the Parti Québécois, while the New Democratic Party was the runner-up in the riding in the past two elections.[12]

Former Roberval city councillor Rémy Leclerc was acclaimed as the Conservative candidate on September 5.[96] Saguenay Mayor Jean Tremblay was speculated to be a candidate for the Conservative nomination, but did not run as the nomination took place before his term as mayor was completed in November 2017.[97]

Psychologist Gisèle Dallaire, the NDP's candidate in this riding in the 2015 election, was acclaimed as her party's candidate on September 25.[98][99]

Dolbeau-Mistassini Mayor Richard Hébert defeated former Mashteuiatsh vice-chief Marjolaine Étienne for the Liberal nomination on September 7.[100][101] Desbiens Mayor Nicolas Martel toyed with seeking the Liberal nomination, but ended up declining.[102]

Union official Marc Maltais was named the Bloc Québécois candidate on September 26.[103] Bloc leader Martine Ouellet, who does not have a seat in the House of Commons, ruled out standing as a candidate in the by-election as she is not from the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region.[104]

Pianist Yves Laporte was named the Green Party candidate on September 28.[105]

The warrant issued by the Speaker regarding the vacancy was received by the Chief Electoral Officer on August 9, 2017; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no sooner than August 20, 2017, and no later than February 5, 2018 (11 and 180 days, respectively, from the warrant receipt date).[106] On September 17, 2017, the writ was dropped for a by-election held on October 23, 2017.[13]

Canadian federal by-election, October 23, 2017: Lac-Saint-Jean
Resignation of Denis Lebel
Party Candidate Votes%±%Expenditures
LiberalRichard Hébert13,44238.59+20.15
ConservativeRémy Leclerc8,71025.01−8.26
Bloc QuébécoisMarc Maltais8,14123.37+5.00
New DemocraticGisèle Dallaire4,07911.71−16.75
GreenYves Laporte4571.31−0.15
Total valid votes/Expense limit 34,82998.67 $133,786.71
Total rejected ballots 4691.33
Turnout 35,29841.61
Eligible voters 84,829
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +14.20
Source: Elections Canada

December 11, 2017 by-elections

Writs were dropped on November 5, 2017, for four by-elections that were subsequently held on December 11, 2017:[14]

Scarborough—Agincourt
Main article: 2017 Scarborough—Agincourt federal by-election

A by-election was held in Scarborough—Agincourt as a result of the death of Liberal MP Arnold Chan from nasopharyngeal cancer on September 14, 2017.[15] Chan was first elected in a 2014 by-election and was re-elected in the 2015 general election with 51.9% of the vote. The riding of Scarborough—Agincourt has been held by the Liberals since it was first created for the 1988 federal election with Jim Karygiannis serving as its MP until his retirement in 2014.

Jean Yip, Chan's widow, defeated[107] Gordon Lam[64] for the Liberal nomination on November 12.[108][109] Ward 39 (Scarborough Agincourt – North) city councillor and former Scarborough—Agincourt MP Jim Karygiannis declined to run for the nomination, but threw his support to Yip.[109]

Investment banker Dasong Zou[64] defeated[110] the riding's Conservative candidate in the 2008 federal election, physician Benson Lau[111] for the Conservative nomination. York Region District School Board Trustee Allan Tam as well as former teacher and immigration officer Sarah Chung[112] were both rejected by the party. Tam did not apply before the deadline and Chung was disqualified on two different occasions.[113]

Scarborough-born federal NDP leader and former GTA MPP Jagmeet Singh, who does not have a seat in the House of Commons, ruled out standing as a candidate in the by-election.[114] On November 19, reporter Brian Chang was acclaimed the NDP candidate.[115]

Rumoured candidates for the Liberal nomination who ultimately did not run included Liberal Scarborough Centre MPP Brad Duguid,[116] Toronto City Council staffer Nick Mantas, Ontario Progressive Conservative staffer Hratch Aynedijan, Ward 36 (Scarborough Southwest – South) city councillor and former provincial Progressive Conservative candidate Gary Crawford, and Liberal Scarborough—Agincourt MPP Soo Wong.[109]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on September 19, 2017; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than March 18, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker.[62]

Canadian federal by-election, December 11, 2017: Scarborough—Agincourt
Death of Arnold Chan
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalJean Yip9,09149.44−2.50
ConservativeDasong Zou7,44840.51+2.48
New DemocraticBrian Chang9315.06−2.79
Christian HeritageJude Coutinho3712.02+1.21
GreenMichael DiPasquale2531.38+0.00
IndependentTom Zhu1480.80
IndependentJohn Turmel1450.79
Total valid votes/Expense limit 18,387 100.00
Total rejected ballots
Turnout 18,387 26.74−32.68
Eligible voters 68,775
Liberal hold Swing −2.49

Bonavista—Burin—Trinity
Main article: 2017 Bonavista—Burin—Trinity by-election

The riding of Bonavista—Burin—Trinity was vacated effective September 30, 2017, following the resignation of Judy Foote, Minister of Public Services and Procurement, from cabinet on August 24, 2017, and her resignation from parliament due to an illness in her family on September 30.[16]

Centreville-Wareham-Trinity Mayor and former president of the Federation of Municipalities in Newfoundland and Labrador Churence Rogers[117] defeated[118] comedian Pete Soucy,[119][120] provincial and federal Liberal party organizer Larry Guinchard,[121] RCMP officer Dale Foote,[122] and North Harbour farmer, former search and rescue coordinator, and 2008 Conservative Party candidate in St. John's South—Mount Pearl Merv Wiseman[123][124] for the Liberal nomination.

Teacher and guidance counselor Mike Windsor was named the Conservative candidate.[110] Windsor previously ran for the party in 2015 in the riding.

Tyler James Downey was named the NDP candidate.[125]

Rumoured candidates for the Liberal nomination who ultimately did not run included former Progressive Conservative MHA Darin King[126] and current Liberal MHAs Steve Crocker,[127] Carol Anne Haley, and Dale Kirby.[126] On September 22, 2017, MHA Mark Browne announced he would not be seeking the nomination.[127] Lawyer Stacy MacDonald initially sought the Liberal nomination[128] but withdrew on September 28.[129]

In the 2015 federal election, Foote won the newly created riding with 81% of the vote, the highest percentage of vote taken by a candidate nationally in that election.[130]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on October 3, 2017; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than April 1, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker.[62]

Canadian federal by-election, December 11, 2017: Bonavista—Burin—Trinity
Resignation of Judy Foote
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalChurence Rogers8,71769.22−12.58
ConservativeMike Windsor2,87822.85+12.78
New DemocraticTyler James Downey5984.75−2.54
LibertarianShane Stapleton2622.08N/A
GreenTyler Colbourne1381.10+0.25
Total valid votes/Expense limit 12,593100.00
Total rejected ballots
Turnout 12,59321.43−35.94
Eligible voters 58,771
Liberal hold Swing −12.68

South Surrey—White Rock
Main article: 2017 South Surrey—White Rock federal by-election

The riding of South Surrey—White Rock was vacated on September 30, 2017, after Conservative MP Dianne Watts announced on September 24, 2017, that she would be resigning her seat to enter provincial politics and seek the leadership of the British Columbia Liberal Party.[17]

Former federal cabinet minister and Delta—Richmond East MP Kerry-Lynne Findlay[131] defeated[110] Fraser Institute policy analyst and former BC Liberal staffer David Hunt[132] and police officer Bryan Tepper for the Conservative Party nomination.

Former White Rock Mayor and Surrey-White Rock MLA Gordie Hogg was acclaimed[133] as the Liberal Party candidate. A rumoured candidate for the nomination was Judith Higginbotham, a former Surrey city councillor and the riding's Liberal candidate in the 2015 federal election.[134]

Mortgage broker Jonathan Silveira was acclaimed the NDP candidate on November 19.[135]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on October 3, 2017; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than April 1, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker.[62]

Canadian federal by-election, December 11, 2017: South Surrey—White Rock
Resignation of Dianne Watts
Party Candidate Votes%±%
LiberalGordie Hogg14,36947.49+6.00
ConservativeKerry-Lynne Findlay12,75242.14−1.89
New DemocraticJonathan Silveira1,4784.88−5.53
GreenLarry Colero1,2474.12+0.70
Christian HeritageRod Taylor2380.79
LibertarianDonald Wilson890.29−0.17
Progressive CanadianMichael Huenefeld860.28+0.09
Total valid votes/Expense limit 30,259100.00
Total rejected ballots
Turnout 30,259 38.13−36.60
Eligible voters 79,359
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing +1.40

Battlefords—Lloydminster
Main article: 2017 Battlefords—Lloydminster federal by-election

On August 30, 2017, it was reported that Battlefords—Lloydminster MP Gerry Ritz had asked not to be included in the reshuffled Conservative shadow cabinet. Ritz confirmed the next day that he would resign from parliament.[18] The seat was vacated on October 2, 2017.

Ritz had been Battlefords—Lloydminster's only Member of Parliament, holding the riding since its creation for the 1997 election, first as a Reform Party of Canada MP, then on behalf of the Canadian Alliance and since 2003 as a Conservative. He served as Agriculture Minister in Stephen Harper's cabinet from 2007 to 2015.

Former parliamentary staffer Rosemarie Falk defeated[136] Langham Mayor John Hildebrand, small business owner Aron Klassen, Kindersley CAO Bernie Morton, and farmer Richard Nelson to win the Conservative nomination.[137] Meadow Lake MLA and former Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River MP Jeremy Harrison was rumoured to be a candidate for the Conservative nomination,[138] but did not make his intentions known before the cut-off date to join the race.[137]

Rodeo cowboy and rancher Ken Finlayson's bid for the Conservative nomination[137] was rejected by the party over concern that he was not a "team player".[139] Finlayson ran as an independent.[140]

Professional MMA fighter and athlete Matt Fedler was named the NDP candidate.[141]

Contractor and former RM of Mervin councillor Larry Ingram was acclaimed as the Liberal Party candidate.[142] Ingram previously ran for the party in Battlefords—Lloydminster in 2015.

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on October 3, 2017; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than April 1, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker.[62]

Canadian federal by-election, December 11, 2017: Battlefords—Lloydminster
Resignation of Gerry Ritz
Party Candidate Votes%±%
ConservativeRosemarie Falk8,96569.56+8.55
New DemocraticMatt Fedler1,69813.17−4.44
LiberalLarry Ingram1,34510.44−6.04
IndependentKen Finlayson6815.28
GreenYvonne Potter-Pihach2001.55−0.16
Total valid votes/Expense limit 12,889100.00
Total rejected ballots
Turnout 12,889 27.05−39.46
Eligible voters 47,651
Conservative hold Swing +6.49

June 18, 2018 by-election

Chicoutimi—Le Fjord
Main article: 2018 Chicoutimi—Le Fjord federal by-election

A by-election was held in Chicoutimi—Le Fjord following the announcement by Liberal MP Denis Lemieux on November 6, 2017, that he would be resigning his seat for family reasons;[19] his resignation took effect on December 1, 2017.[20] Lemieux was first elected in the 2015 federal election with 31.1% of the vote, narrowly defeating NDP incumbent Dany Morin.

Port Saguenay board member Lina Boivin, who was endorsed by Lemieux,[143][144] defeated former Saint-Charles de Bourget mayor Michel Ringuette[145] for the Liberal nomination,[146][147] held in May 2018. A rumoured candidate for the Liberal nomination was former Paralympic athlete and head of university sport at UQAC, Philippe Gagnon.[148] Former municipal councillor and former Quebec Liberal MNA candidate Joan Simard, local businessman Simon-Pierre Murdock, who later endorsed Boivin, and Chicoutimi-Nord Municipal Councillor Marc Pettersen declined to run for the nomination.[148][149][150] "Promotion Saguenay" Director of Industrial Development and Corporate Affairs Claude Bouchard had his candidacy rejected by the federal Liberal party.[146][148]

Éric Dubois, a union advisor at the CSN and former federal NDP candidate, was acclaimed as the NDP candidate on January 22, 2018.[151] Dany Morin and former Ontario MPP and federal NDP leader Jagmeet Singh both expressed interest in running for the nomination but decided against it.[152][153][154]

Catherine Bouchard-Tremblay was acclaimed as the candidate for the Bloc Québécois on May 18, 2018.[155] Former Dubuc PQ MNA Jean-Marie Claveau[156] and teacher Valérie Tremblay[156] were rumoured to be interested in running for the Bloc Québécois nomination. Former Chicoutimi—Le Fjord BQ MP Robert Bouchard, Saguenay firefighter Mario Gagnon,[157] and UQAC political science professor Michel Roche declined to run for the nomination.[156]

Two-time Ron Lapointe Trophy winning QMJHL coach Richard Martel was named the Conservative candidate on December 20, 2017.[158]

Lynda Youde was acclaimed as the candidate for the Green Party on May 22, 2018.[159]

The short-lived « Groupe parlementaire québécois » / « Québec debout », formed by seven Members of Parliament after they left the Bloc Québécois, considered nominating a candidate[147] but failed to do so.

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on December 4, 2017; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than June 2, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker.[62] On May 13, 2018, the writ was dropped for a by-election for June 18, 2018.[21]

Canadian federal by-election, June 18, 2018: Chicoutimi—Le Fjord
Resignation of Denis Lemieux
Party Candidate Votes%±%
ConservativeRichard Martel12,58052.73+36.13
LiberalLina Boivin7,03229.48-1.61
New DemocraticÉric Dubois2,0658.66-21.06
Bloc QuébécoisCatherine Bouchard-Tremblay1,3375.60-14.92
GreenLynda Youde7363.09+1.02
IndependentJohn "The Engineer" Turmel1040.44
Total valid votes/Expense limit 23,854100.00
Total rejected ballots
Turnout 36.06%
Eligible voters 66,152
Conservative gain from Liberal Swing +18.87

December 3, 2018 by-election

Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes
Main article: 2018 Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes federal by-election

The seat for the electoral district of Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes has been vacant since May 2, 2018 when Conservative MP Gord Brown died of a heart attack in his Parliament Hill office in Ottawa.[160]

Colin Brown, Brown's nephew, announced his candidacy for the Conservative nomination and was quickly endorsed by Doug Ford.[161] In addition, Edwardsburgh/Cardinal town councillor and federal riding association president Michael Barrett,[162] government-relations specialist Stephanie Mitton,[162] and Anne Johnston,[163] a former aide to Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes MPP Steve Clark also ran for the Conservative nomination. Former Canadian Senator and interim Leader of the Opposition in the Ontario Legislature Bob Runciman was rumoured to be interested in seeking the Conservative nomination[164] for the by-election but decided against it after his wife encountered some health issues.[165] Barrett won the nomination at a local party convention at the Brockville Memorial Centre on August 11 in a contest that ran to a fourth ballot.[166]

2015 Liberal candidate Mary Jean McFall – a lawyer, former Brockville city councillor and immediate former Chief of Staff to Agriculture Minister Lawrence MacAulay – won the Liberal nomination for this by-election unopposed.[167][168]

Michelle Taylor is the NDP candidate; Taylor ran for the Ontario NDP in Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes in the 2018 provincial election.[168]

Lorraine Rekmans, the Green candidate for this riding in 2015, will again run for the party.[22]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on May 3, 2018; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than October 30, 2018, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker.[62] On October 28, 2018, the writ was dropped for a by-election for December 3, 2018.[22]

Canadian federal by-election, December 3, 2018: Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes
Death of Gord Brown
Party Candidate Votes%±%
ConservativeMichael Barrett16,86557.8+10.45
LiberalMary Jean McFall10,44335.8-4.75
New DemocraticMichelle Taylor8833.0-5.34
GreenLorraine Rekmans8592.9-0.75
IndependentJohn Turmel1110.4
Total valid votes/Expense limit 29,161100.00
Total rejected ballots
Turnout 35.89%
Eligible voters 81,247

February 25, 2019 by-elections

Outremont
Main article: 2019 Outremont federal by-election

Burnaby South
Main article: 2019 Burnaby South federal by-election

NDP MP Kennedy Stewart announced at a press conference at Vancouver's Harbour Centre on May 10, 2018, that he would be resigning his seat of Burnaby South during parliament's summer recess to run as an independent candidate for Mayor of Vancouver in the 2018 municipal election (since the incumbent mayor, Gregor Robertson, is not seeking another term).[25][26] On August 2, Stewart publicly released his letter to the Speaker of House, Geoff Regan, confirming his resignation, effective September 14, 2018.[26] At the May 10 press conference, Stewart expressed support for former Ontario MPP and federal NDP leader Jagmeet Singh to replace him.[169] Singh confirmed his candidacy on August 8.[170]

2015 Liberal candidate Adam Pankratz, a commercial banker with a local credit union, stated that he was undecided, but ultimately decided against running again.[171]

Biotechnology scientist Cyrus Eduljee and multiple daycare centre owner and operator Karen Wang both sought the Liberal nomination. On December 29, 2018, Wang won the Liberal Party nomination.[172] Wang resigned as the Liberal candidate on January 16, 2019 after it was reported that she had posted racist comments on the Chinese-language social media platform WeChat encouraging voters to vote for her as the "only Chinese candidate" while singling out Singh as being of "Indian descent."[173] Former Burnaby North MLA Richard Lee was named by the Liberals as their candidate on January 19.[174]

Corporate lawyer Jay Shin is the Conservative candidate.[175]

On August 16, the Green Party announced that they would not run a candidate in the by-election as a courtesy to Singh.[176]

The People's Party announced Laura-Lynn Tyler-Thompson as their candidate.[177]

Rex Brocki was announced as the candidate of the Libertarian Party,[178] but he did not register.

Valentine Wu has announced his intention of running as an independent candidate.[179][180]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on September 17, 2018; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for a by-election had to be dropped no later than March 18, 2019, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker.[62] The by-election was called on January 9, 2019 to be held on February 25, 2019.[181]

Canadian federal by-election, February 25, 2019: Burnaby South
Resignation of Kennedy Stewart
Party Candidate Votes%±%
New DemocraticJagmeet Singh8,84838.903.83
LiberalRichard T. Lee5,91926.027.86
ConservativeJay Shin5,14722.634.48
People'sLaura-Lynn Thompson2,42210.65New
IndependentTerry Grimwood2421.06New
IndependentValentine Wu1680.74New
Total valid votes/Expense limit 22,74699.17
Total rejected ballots 1900.83+0.23
Turnout 22,93630.10-30.68
Eligible voters 76,204
New Democratic hold Swing +5.84
Source: Elections Canada[182]

York—Simcoe
Main article: 2019 York—Simcoe federal by-election

May 6, 2019 by-election
Main article: 2019 Nanaimo—Ladysmith federal by-election

Nanaimo—Ladysmith

NDP MP Sheila Malcolmson, first elected in 2015, resigned her seat of Nanaimo—Ladysmith, effective January 2, 2019, to enter provincial politics as a by-election candidate for the British Columbia New Democratic Party in the riding of Nanaimo following the resignation of MLA Leonard Krog.[29]

The Speaker's warrant regarding the vacancy was received on January 7, 2019; under the Parliament of Canada Act the writ for a by-election has to be dropped no later than July 6, 2019, 180 days after the Chief Electoral Officer was officially notified of the vacancy via a warrant issued by the Speaker.[62][183] On March 24, 2019 the Prime Minister announced the by-election for May 6, 2019.[184]

The New Democratic Party candidate was selected at a nomination meeting on March 30, 2019. Candidates for the nomination were Kwikwasutʼinuxw Haxwaʼmis First Nation chief and Union of British Columbia Indian Chiefs vice-president Bob Chamberlin, consultant Maeve O'Byrne, activist Lauren Semple, and outreach worker Fred Statham.[185][186] Bob Chamberlin won the nomination.[187]

The Liberal Party announced Michelle Corfield as their candidate on March 16, 2019.[188]

John Hirst won the Conservative nomination on November 17, 2018. Hirst defeated Jennifer Clarke, who subsequently won the nomination for the People's Party of Canada.[189][190]

Paul Manly was acclaimed as the candidate of the Green Party in January 2019.[191] Manly was the Green candidate in this riding in the 2015 election, winning almost 20% of the vote in one of the party's best performances nationally.

The National Citizens Alliance ran Jakob Letkemann in the by-election.

The Progressive Canadian Party ran Brian Marlatt in the by-election.[192]

Canadian federal by-election, May 6, 2019: Nanaimo—Ladysmith
Resignation of Sheila Malcolmson
Party Candidate Votes%±%
GreenPaul Manly15,18837.3%
ConservativeJohn Hirst10,09324.8%
New DemocraticBob Chamberlin9,39223.1%
LiberalMichelle Corfield4,47811.0%
People'sJennifer Clarke1,2463.4%
Progressive CanadianBrian Marlatt2480.6%
National Citizens AllianceJakob Letkemann660.2%
Total valid votes/Expense limit 40,711100.00
Total rejected ballots
Turnout 40,71140.95%
Eligible voters 99,413
Green gain from New Democratic Swing  

Other vacancies

Under an amendment[32] to the Parliament of Canada Act which came into force on January 19, 2019,[33] no writ for the election of a member of the House shall be issued if the vacancy occurs less than nine months before the date fixed under the Canada Elections Act for the holding of a general election.[193] This amendment means that any seats becoming vacant after January 21, 2019, would remain vacant until the general election of October 21, 2019.

Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel

Nicola Di Iorio, Liberal MP for Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel, announced his plan to leave politics for unspecified family reasons on April 25, 2018.[38] His stated intent was to resign during the summer of 2018, but he rescinded his resignation after the Liberal Party denied his request to personally appoint the party's candidate for the ensuing by-election. After facing criticism for his absence from parliament, he again announced his intention to resign, this time effective January 22, 2019.[37] However, Di Iorio missed the deadline he set for himself and did not submit his resignation for another week, on January 29.[36][194] As Di Iorio's resignation became effective after the deadline, no by-election was held in this riding.[35]

Kings—Hants

Liberal MP Scott Brison resigned from cabinet in January 2019 and as MP for Kings—Hants effective February 10, 2019. As Brison's resignation became effective after the deadline, no by-election was held in this riding.

Langley—Aldergrove

Conservative MP Mark Warawa (Langley—Aldergrove) died of cancer on June 20, 2019.[195] As Warawa's death occurred after the deadline for by-elections to be held, no by-election was held in this riding.

Calgary Forest Lawn

Conservative MP Deepak Obhrai (Calgary Forest Lawn) died of liver cancer on August 2, 2019.[196] As Obhrai's death occurred after the deadline for by-elections to be held, no by-election was held in this riding.

See also

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