1988 Singaporean general election
General elections were held in Singapore on 3 September 1988. President Wee Kim Wee dissolved parliament on 17 August 1988 on the advice of Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party, which won 80 of the 81 seats.
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81 seats (plus 2 NCMPs) to the Parliament of Singapore. Only 50 seats contested; 41 seats needed for a majority. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 94.7% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Singapore |
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Overview
Group Representation Constituencies were introduced in this general election to ensure ethnic minority representation in Parliament, starting with three joint constituencies. This was the last time Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew led the PAP in an election and another two stalwarts, former Deputy Prime Minister Dr Toh Chin Chye and Senior Minister S. Rajaratnam, retired for the PAP's renewal process.
This was also the first election where changes to electoral boundaries were approved by the Prime Minister's Office instead of tabling a bill in Parliament to approve changes.[1]
Two seats were vacated in 1986 but neither held its by-elections - Workers' Party (WP) Member of Parliament and leader J. B. Jeyaretnam (of Anson) and PAP incumbent Teh Cheang Wan (of Geylang West), vacated its seats due to conviction over falsified party accounts, and suicide over investigations for corruption, respectively. WP absorbed the two parties, Barisan Sosialis (BS) and Singapore United Front to become the largest opposition party and also allied with the Malay party PKMS as one faction. The election also saw the debut of WP candidate Low Thia Khiang in Tiong Bahru Group Representation Constituency. While Low failed to capture a seat on his first outing, he would later go on to win Hougang Single Member Constituency in the next election and become the party's secretary-general as well as one of the longest-serving opposition leaders until 2020.
With the Singapore Democratic Party leader's Chiam See Tong sole victory in the seat of Potong Pasir, two Non-Constituency MP seats were offered to former solicitor-general and Law Society president, Francis Seow and veteran politician Dr Lee Siew Choh, both of which were standing under the WP ticket in Eunos Group Representation Constituency; their campaign was notable for criticizing PAP for alleged dubious financial circumstances; in response Minister of State Tay Eng Soon went to lead their PAP team for Eunos. Despite losing by a narrow margin of 49.1%-50.9%, WP were eligible for the NCMP; however, Seow fled the country on 17 December to avoid arrest and was disqualified from the post while Lee took up the offer and became Singapore's first NCMP, marking Lee's return to Parliament after 25 years since his last stint as a PAP and BS legislator. Once again, there was a significant increase of election deposit.
In November 1990, two years after the election, the Nominated MP scheme was implemented to introduce non-partisan voices into the legislature. Although the law allowed up to six NMPs, two were appointed at the start and served for a year before the Parliament term ended.
Timeline
Date | Event |
---|---|
14 June | Publication of Electoral Boundaries report |
17 August | Dissolution of 6th Parliament |
24 August | Nomination Day |
3 September | Polling Day |
16 September[2] | Non-constituency Member of Parliament posts declared |
9 January 1989 | Opening of 7th Parliament |
Electoral boundaries
1988 was the first election in Singapore's history to introduce the Group Representation Constituency (GRC) scheme, which were formed with series of three (later elections increases up to six) constituencies/divisions with at least one minority member representing to ensure ethnic minority representation in Parliament, thus cumulating the effects with Plurality-at-large voting. Additionally, single member constituencies (SMC) were either formed from or absorbed to neighboring constituencies due to development and electorate, which was shown in the table below:
Constituency | Changes |
---|---|
Formation of Group Representation Constituencies | |
Aljunied GRC | Formed from Aljunied, Kampong Kembangan and Kampong Ubi SMCs |
Bedok GRC | Formed from Bedok, Kampong Chai Chee and Tanah Merah SMCs |
Brickworks GRC | Formed from Alexandra, Brickworks and Queenstown SMCs |
Cheng San GRC | Formed from Cheng San, Chong Boon and Jalan Kayu SMCs |
Eunos GRC | Formed from Eunos, Kaki Bukit and a portion of Tampines SMCs (the latter was renamed to Tampines North) |
Hong Kah GRC | Formed from parts of Bukit Batok (Hong Kah North), Hong Kah (Hong Kah Central) and Yuhua SMCs (Hong Kah South) |
Jalan Besar GRC | Formed from Geylang West, Jalan Besar and Kolam Ayer SMCs. |
Marine Parade GRC | Formed from Geylang Serai, Joo Chiat and Marine Parade SMCs. |
Pasir Panjang GRC | Formed from Clementi, Pasir Panjang and West Coast SMCs. |
Sembawang GRC | Formed from parts of Nee Soon (Chong Pang and Nee Soon East) and most of Sembawang SMCs Nee Soon Central and Nee Soon South were subsumed into its own SMCs |
Tampines GRC | Formed from Changkat SMC and Tampines SMC (the latter was divided into Tampines Changkat, Tampines East and Tampines West) |
Tiong Bahru GRC | Formed from Delta, Henderson, Tiong Bahru and Radin Mas SMCs; Delta was absorbed into Tiong Bahru division. |
Toa Payoh GRC | Formed from Boon Teck, Khe Bong, Kuo Chuan and Toa Payoh SMCs; Khe Bong was absorbed into Boon Teck division. |
New Single Member Constituencies | |
Bukit Gombak SMC | Carved out from Bukit Batok SMC |
Hougang SMC | Carved out from Punggol SMC |
Nee Soon Central SMC Nee Soon East SMC | Carved out from Nee Soon SMC |
Defunct Single Member Constituencies | |
Anson SMC | Absorbed to Tanjong Pagar SMC |
Bo Wen SMC | Absorbed to Ang Mo Kio SMC |
River Valley SMC | Absorbed to Cairnhill SMC |
Rochore SMC | Absorbed to Kampong Glam SMC |
Telok Ayer SMC | Absorbed to Kreta Ayer SMC |
New candidates
- A Nasser Kamaruddin
- Chay Wai Chuen
- Charles Chong
- Choo Wee Khiang
- George Yeo Yong Boon
- Hong Hai
- John Chen Seow Phun
- K Shanmugam
- Lew Syn Pau
- Loh Meng See
- Low Seow Chay
- Ong Chit Chung
- Peh Chin Hua
- Peter Sung
- Seet Ai Mee
- Wong Kwei Cheong
Retiring candidates
Candidate | Age | Constituency | Since | Replacement |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ang Kok Peng | 61 | Buona Vista | 1972 | Peter Sung |
Chai Chong Yii | 53 | Bukit Batok | 1972 | Ong Chit Chung |
E.W. Barker | 68 | Tanglin | 1959 | Lew Syn Pau |
Eric Cheong | 58 | Toa Payoh | 1968 | Davinder Singh |
Fong Sip Chee | 50 | Kampong Chai Chee | 1963 | Hong Hai |
Jek Yeun Thong | 58 | Queenstown | 1968 | Chay Wai Chuen |
Lai Tha Chai | 52 | Henderson | 1972 | S Vasoo |
Ong Pang Boon | 58 | Telok Ayer | 1959 | Merged into Kreta Ayer |
Phua Bah Lee | 56 | Tampines | 1968 | Split into three different wards |
S. Rajaratnam | 73 | Kampong Glam | 1959 | Loh Meng See |
Tang See Chim | 56 | Chua Chu Kang | 1966 | Low Seow Chay |
Toh Chin Chye | 68 | Rochor | 1959 | Merged into Kampong Glam |
Yeo Choo Kok | 52 | Delta | 1970 | Merged into Kim Seng |
Results
Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
People's Action Party | 848,029 | 63.17 | 80 | +3 | |
Workers' Party | 224,473 | 16.72 | 0 | –1 | |
Singapore Democratic Party | 158,341 | 11.80 | 1 | 0 | |
National Solidarity Party | 50,432 | 3.76 | 0 | New | |
United People's Front | 17,282 | 1.29 | 0 | 0 | |
Singapore Justice Party | 14,660 | 1.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura | 13,526 | 1.01 | 0 | 0 | |
Angkatan Islam | 280 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | |
Independents | 15,412 | 1.15 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 1,342,435 | 100.00 | 81 | +2 | |
Valid votes | 1,342,435 | 97.77 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 30,629 | 2.23 | |||
Total votes | 1,373,064 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 1,669,013 | 94.7 | |||
Source: Singapore Elections[lower-alpha 1] |
By constituency
Constituency | Seats | Electorate | Party | Candidates | Votes | % |
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Aljunied GRC | 3 | 65,351 | ![]() |
Chin Harn Tong Wan Hussin B H Zoohri George Yeo |
34,020 | 56.33 / 100 |
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Mohamed Jufrie B Mahmood Neo Choon Aik Ashleigh Seow Chuan-Hock |
26,375 | 43.67 / 100 | |||
Ang Mo Kio SMC | 1 | 14,633 | ![]() |
Yeo Toon Chia | 13,365 | 65.49 / 100 |
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Ong Kah Seng | 7,044 | 27.25 / 100 | |||
Ayer Rajah SMC | 1 | 22,532 | ![]() |
Tan Cheng Bock | 14,824 | 69.55 / 100 |
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Tan Song Gek | 6,489 | 30.45 / 100 | |||
Bedok GRC | 3 | 54,969 | ![]() |
Hong Hai Ibrahim Othman S. Jayakumar |
28,266 | 54.92 / 100 |
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Gertrude De Gracias Saraswathy Murugason Seow Khee Leng |
23,203 | 45.08 / 100 | |||
Boon Lay SMC | 1 | 16,646 | ![]() |
Goh Chee Wee | 11,317 | 71.97 / 100 |
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Salleh Mohd Bawthan | 4,408 | 28.03 / 100 | |||
Braddell Heights SMC | 1 | 27,019 | ![]() |
Goh Choon Kang | 14,862 | 58.80 / 100 |
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Sin Kek Tong | 10,412 | 41.20 / 100 | |||
Brickworks GRC | 3 | 43,117 | ![]() |
Ahmad Mattar Chay Wai Chuen Tan Soo Khoon |
26,870 | 67.43 / 100 |
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J C Corera Goh Teng Hoon Ismail Yaacob |
12,977 | 32.57 / 100 | |||
Bukit Batok SMC | 1 | 24,138 | ![]() |
Ong Chit Chung | 12,873 | 55.94 / 100 |
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Kwan Yue Keng | 10,139 | 44.06 / 100 | |||
Bukit Gombak SMC | 1 | 25,221 | ![]() |
Seet Ai Mee | 12,661 | 53.46 / 100 |
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Ling How Doong | 11,024 | 46.54 / 100 | |||
Bukit Merah SMC | 1 | 14,723 | ![]() |
Lim Chee Onn | 9,414 | 69.78 / 100 |
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Pok Lee Chuen | 4,077 | 30.22 / 100 | |||
Bukit Panjang SMC | 1 | 33,824 | ![]() |
Lee Yiok Seng | 18,314 | 57.28 / 100 |
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Kwek Guan Kwee | 9,864 | 30.86 / 100 | |||
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Ibrahim Ariff (Loses $4,000 deposit) | 3,790 | 11.86 / 100 | |||
Bukit Timah SMC | 1 | 20,222 | ![]() |
Wang Kai Yuen | Uncontested walkover | |
Buona Vista SMC | 1 | 15,850 | ![]() |
Peter Sung | 8,859 | 61.76 / 100 |
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Low Yong Nguan | 5,037 | 35.11 / 100 | |||
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Abdul Karim B Abdul Sattar (Loses $4,000 deposit) | 449 | 3.13 / 100 | |||
Cairnhill SMC | 1 | 23,197 | ![]() |
Wong Kwei Cheong | 12,779 | 63.98 / 100 |
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Jimmy Tan Tiang Hoe | 7,194 | 36.02 / 100 | |||
Changi SMC | 1 | 17,145 | ![]() |
Teo Chong Tee | 9,398 | 59.37 / 100 |
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Chiam Yeow Juan | 6,431 | 40.63 / 100 | |||
Cheng San GRC | 3 | 56,352 | ![]() |
Chandra Das S Heng Chiang Meng Lee Yock Suan |
Uncontested walkover | |
Chua Chu Kang SMC | 1 | 19,628 | ![]() |
Low Seow Chay | 11,058 | 59.28 / 100 |
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Goh Seng Soon | 7,597 | 40.72 / 100 | |||
Eunos GRC | 3 | 75,723 | ![]() |
Chew Heng Ching Tay Eng Soon Zulkifli Mohammed |
36,500 | 50.89 / 100 |
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Lee Siew Choh[lower-alpha 2] Mohd Khalit B Md Baboo Francis Seow[lower-alpha 3] |
35,221 | 49.11 / 100 | |||
Fengshan SMC | 1 | 17,389 | ![]() |
Arthur Beng Kian Lam | 9,507 | 57.92 / 100 |
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Chng Chin Siah | 6,907 | 42.08 / 100 | |||
Hong Kah GRC | 3 | 67,431 | ![]() |
A Nasser Kamaruddin John Chen Seow Phun Yeo Cheow Tong |
Uncontested walkover | |
Hougang SMC | 1 | 21,703 | ![]() |
Tang Guan Seng | 11,983 | 58.96 / 100 |
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Lim Chiu Liang | 8,342 | 41.04 / 100 | |||
Jalan Besar GRC | 3 | 54,941 | ![]() |
Lee Boon Yang Peh Chin Hua Sidek Bin Saniff |
31,604 | 62.68 / 100 |
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Edmund Richard Marsh Mohamed Bin Idris Toh Keng Thong |
18,814 | 37.32 / 100 | |||
Jurong SMC | 1 | 21,420 | ![]() |
Ho Kah Leong | 14,769 | 75.17 / 100 |
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Mohamed Awang | 4,879 | 24.83 / 100 | |||
Kallang SMC | 1 | 21,245 | ![]() |
S. Dhanabalan | 13,097 | 66.13 / 100 |
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A L Sundram | 6,707 | 33.87 / 100 | |||
Kampong Glam SMC | 1 | 21,773 | ![]() |
Loh Meng See | 12,525 | 67.32 / 100 |
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Frederick De Wind | 5,800 | 31.87 / 100 | |||
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M Sani Jan (Loses $4,000 deposit) | 280 | 1.51 / 100 | |||
Kebun Baru SMC | 1 | 22,515 | ![]() |
Lim Boon Heng | 15,734 | 75.36 / 100 |
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Mohamed Affendy Bin Abdul Rahim | 5,145 | 24.64 / 100 | |||
Kim Keat SMC | 1 | 15,850 | ![]() |
Ong Teng Cheong | 10,644 | 73.00 / 100 |
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Md Shariff Bin Yahya | 3,937 | 27.00 / 100 | |||
Kim Seng SMC | 1 | 18,474 | ![]() |
Yeo Ning Hong | 11,460 | 66.90 / 100 |
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Chin Tian Choo | 5,670 | 33.10 / 100 | |||
Kreta Ayer SMC | 1 | 21,470 | ![]() |
Hu Tsu Tau Richard | 13,158 | 70.50 / 100 |
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Loh Fook Cheong | 5,507 | 29.50 / 100 | |||
Leng Kee SMC | 1 | 21,964 | ![]() |
Ow Chin Hock | 13,334 | 64.96 / 100 |
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Chua Chwee Huat Peter | 7,192 | 35.04 / 100 | |||
MacPherson SMC | 1 | 17,063 | ![]() |
Chua Sian Chin | 10,453 | 65.98 / 100 |
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Kum Teng Hock | 5,390 | 34.02 / 100 | |||
Marine Parade GRC | 3 | 62,385 | ![]() |
Choo Wee Khiang Goh Chok Tong Othman Haron Eusofe |
41,325 | 73.81 / 100 |
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A R Suib M Ramasamy Theng Chin Eng |
14,660 | 26.19 / 100 | |||
Moulmein SMC | 1 | 19,229 | ![]() |
Sia Khoon Seong | 11,334 | 66.08 / 100 |
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A Balakrishnan | 5,817 | 33.92 / 100 | |||
Mountbatten SMC | 1 | 17,747 | ![]() |
Yap Giau Cheng Eugene | 12,712 | 78.15 / 100 |
Independent | Chiam Pan Boon | 3,554 | 21.85 / 100 | |||
Nee Soon Central SMC | 1 | 24,403 | ![]() |
Ng Pock Too | 13,396 | 57.61 / 100 |
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Cheo Chai Chen | 8,944 | 38.46 / 100 | |||
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Giam Lai Cheng (Loses $4,000 deposit) | 914 | 3.93 / 100 | |||
Nee Soon South SMC | 1 | 22,542 | ![]() |
Koh Lip Lin | 13,793 | 64.88 / 100 |
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Yong Chu Leong | 6,533 | 30.73 / 100 | |||
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Munjeet Singh(Loses $4,000 deposit) | 932 | 4.39 / 100 | |||
Pasir Panjang GRC | 3 | 66,600 | ![]() |
Abbas Abu Amin Bernard Chen Tien Lap Wan Soon Bee |
38,545 | 61.57 / 100 |
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Gan Eng Guan Mohd Taib Sattar Wee Han Kim |
24,059 | 38.43 / 100 | |||
Paya Lebar SMC | 1 | 25,076 | ![]() |
Philip Tan Tee Yong | 12,352 | 52.36 / 100 |
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Chew David | 11,240 | 47.64 / 100 | |||
Potong Pasir SMC | 1 | 19,852 | ![]() |
Chiam See Tong | 11,804 | 63.13 / 100 |
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Kenneth Chen Koon Lap | 6,893 | 36.87 / 100 | |||
Punggol SMC | 1 | 31,577 | ![]() |
Ng Kah Ting | 17,914 | 59.85 / 100 |
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Abdul Rasheed Y. Abdul Kuthus | 12,017 | 40.15 / 100 | |||
Sembawang GRC | 3 | 55,633 | ![]() |
Chong You Fook Charles K Shanmugam Tony Tan Keng Yam |
36,154 | 70.08 / 100 |
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Ang Bee Lian Kasim Bin Ibrahim Harbans Singh |
15,436 | 29.92 / 100 | |||
Serangoon Gardens SMC | 1 | 24,831 | ![]() |
Lau Teik Soon | 16,234 | 74.17 / 100 |
Independent | Harry Baptist | 5,654 | 25.83 / 100 | |||
Siglap SMC | 1 | 18,650 | ![]() |
Abdullah bin Tarmugi | 12,101 | 73.73 / 100 |
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Chong Tung Shang | 4,311 | 26.27 / 100 | |||
Tampines GRC | 3 | 65,148 | ![]() |
Mah Bow Tan Aline Wong Yatiman Yusof |
37,216 | 61.00 / 100 |
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Abdul Malik Bin Ali Chan Yeng Cheong Lim Ah Yong |
23,796 | 39.00 / 100 | |||
Tanglin SMC | 1 | 17,497 | ![]() |
Lew Syn Pau | Uncontested walkover | |
Tanjong Pagar SMC | 1 | 19,041 | ![]() |
Lee Kuan Yew | 14,043 | 81.60 / 100 |
Independent | M G Guru | 3,167 | 18.40 / 100 | |||
Teck Ghee SMC | 1 | 15,510 | ![]() |
Lee Hsien Loong | 11,512 | 79.13 / 100 |
Independent | Patrick Leong S C | 3,037 | 20.87 / 100 | |||
Telok Blangah SMC | 1 | 18,609 | ![]() |
Koh Lam Son | 11,160 | 64.21 / 100 |
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Tan Soo Phuan | 6,220 | 35.79 / 100 | |||
Thomson SMC | 1 | 34,886 | ![]() |
Leong Horn Kee | 21,514 | 67.01 / 100 |
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Ng Teck Siong | 10,590 | 32.99 / 100 | |||
Tiong Bahru GRC | 3 | 58,898 | ![]() |
Chng Hee Kok Ch'ng Jit Koon S Vasoo |
31,732 | 57.84 / 100 |
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Lim Lye Soon Low Thia Khiang Gopalan Nair |
23,132 | 42.16 / 100 | |||
Toa Payoh GRC | 3 | 49,243 | ![]() |
Davinder Singh Ho Tat Kin Wong Kan Seng |
Uncontested walkover | |
Ulu Pandan SMC | 1 | 23,587 | ![]() |
Dixie Tan-Lee Mo Chun | 14,436 | 69.07 / 100 |
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George Sita | 6,466 | 30.93 / 100 | |||
Whampoa SMC | 1 | 13,819 | ![]() |
Augustine Tan Hui Heng | 7,522 | 59.47 / 100 |
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Ken Sunn | 5,126 | 40.53 / 100 | |||
Yio Chu Kang SMC | 1 | 15,991 | ![]() |
Lau Ping Sum | 10,996 | 73.67 / 100 |
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Rasiah Thiagarajah | 3,931 | 26.33 / 100 | |||
Yuhua SMC | 1 | 19,190 | ![]() |
Foo Yee Shoon | 11,497 | 62.96 / 100 |
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Toh Kim Kiat | 6,765 | 37.04 / 100 | |||
Source: ELD |
Notes
References
- Singapore Elections. "PARLIAMENTARY GENERAL ELECTION 1988". Retrieved 15 July 2020.
- National Library Board. "Francis Seow and Siew Choh made non-constituency MPs". Retrieved 16 July 2020.