1994 Hungarian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 8 May 1994, with a second round of voting in 174 of the 176 single member constituencies on 29 May.[1][2] They resulted in the return to power of the Hungarian Socialist Party, the former Communist party, under the leadership of Gyula Horn, who became Prime Minister. The Socialists achieved a remarkable revival, winning an overall majority of 209 seats out of 386, up from 33 in 1990.

1994 Hungarian parliamentary election

8 and 29 May 1994

All 386 seats in the National Assembly
194 seats needed for a majority
Turnout68.9%
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Gyula Horn Iván Pető Péter Boross
Party MSZP SZDSZ MDF
Leader since 27 May 1990 13 November 1992 13 December 1993
Last election 33 seats, 10.9% 94 seats, 21.40% 164 seats, 24.72%
Seats won 209 69 38
Seat change 176 25 126
Popular vote 1,781,867 1,066,074 633,957
Percentage 33.0% 19.7% 11.7%

  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader József Torgyán László Surján Viktor Orbán
Party FKGP KDNP Fidesz
Leader since 26 April 1991 27 May 1990 18 April 1993
Last election 44 seats, 11.74% 21 seats, 6.46% 22 seats, 8.95%
Seats won 26 22 20
Seat change 18 1 2
Popular vote 476,416 379.573 379,295
Percentage 8.8% 7.0% 7.0%

Results of the election in all 176 single-member constituencies

Prime Minister before election

Péter Boross
MDF

Elected Prime Minister

Gyula Horn
MSZP

The governing Hungarian Democratic Forum was severely defeated, falling from 165 seats to 38 for third place. It was also a disappointment for the principal opposition party of the previous parliament, the Alliance of Free Democrats, which failed to capitalize on the government's unpopularity and lost seats. Poor economic performance, apparent government incompetence and a certain nostalgia for the social security of the communist era appear to be the main reasons for the result, together with significant reform of the Socialists' policies, with commitment to the expansion for the market economy and continued compensation for the victims of communism.

While the Socialists had enough seats to govern alone, Horn decided to form a coalition with the Free Democrats, giving him a two-thirds majority. This was partly to assuage public concerns inside and outside Hungary over an ex-Communist party with an absolute majority, and partly to get his reform package past his own party's left wing.

Results

Party SMCs MMCs National
seats
Total
seats
+/–
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Hungarian Socialist Party1,689,08131.31491,781,86733.0537209+176
Alliance of Free Democrats1,005,76618.6161,066,07419.7282569–25
Hungarian Democratic Forum649,96612.05633,95711.7181538–126
Independent Smallholders' Party425,4827.91476,4168.8141126–18
Fidesz416,1437.70379,2957.071320–2
Christian Democratic People's Party397,8877.43379,5737.051422+1
Workers' Party177,4583.30172,1173.2000New
Agrarian Alliance132,1812.41113,4052.1001-1
Republican Party104,2891.90137,4842.5000New
Hungarian Justice and Life Party67,1621.2085,6231.6000New
Liberal Civic Alliance – Entrepreneurs' Party42,9510.8133,3670.6001New
United Smallholders' Party43,2340.8044,3150.8000New
Hungarian Social Democratic Party32,9130.6051,1220.90000
National Democratic Alliance32,2580.6028,0750.5000New
ASZSZDSZ9,2800.2000
VPFideszASZSZDSZ6,4400.1000
Hungarian Market Party5,4590.106350.0000New
Conservative Party – Alliance of Farmers and Civilians5,2410.102,0460.0000New
Green Party of Hungary4,7660.108,8130.20000
SZDSZKP4,6640.1000
Compromise Independent Smallholders' Party4,3860.105,9180.1000New
Gypsy Solidarity Party3,2820.1000New
Green Alternative2,6380.108490.0000New
Independent Hungarian Democratic Party2,3660.00000
Democratic Coalition Party2,1170.0000New
National Alliance of Hungarian Families2,0050.0000New
Historic Independent Smallholders' Party1,7920.0000New
VPFidesz1,3470.0000
Pensioners' Party1,2450.0000New
Social Democratic Party1,1970.0000New
Democratic Party1,1500.0000New
EKGPKDNP8400.0000
Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party7040.0000New
Party of the Hungarian Interest4160.0000New
Union of Hungarian Biomedicists3340.0000New
Hungarian Mothers' National Party2650.0000New
Electoral Coalition for the Hungarians2110.0000New
Party for Historic Hungary2030.0000New
Hungarian Party of the Unemployed1900.0000New
National Forces' Movement1880.0000New
Independents122,1902.300–6
Invalid/blank votes78,53580,198
Total5,480,2221001765,481,149100125853860
Registered voters/turnout7,960,29368.97,960,28068.9
Source: Nohlen & Stöver
Vote Share
MSZP
33.0%
SZDSZ
19.7%
HDF
11.7%
FKgP
8.8%
Fidesz
7.0%
KDNP
7.0%
Other
12.8%
Seat Distribution
MSZP
54.1%
SZDSZ
17.9%
HDF
9.8%
FKgP
6.7%
KDNP
5.7%
Fidesz
5.2%
Other
0.5%

References

  1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p899 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. Nohlen & Stöver, p925
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