2006 Hungarian parliamentary election

Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 9 April 2006, with a second round of voting in 110 of the 176 single-member constituencies on 23 April.[1][2] The Hungarian Socialist Party emerged as the largest party in the National Assembly with 186 of the 386 seats, and continued the coalition government with the Alliance of Free Democrats. It marked the first time a government had been re-elected since the end of Communist rule.[3]

2006 Hungarian parliamentary election

9 and 23 April 2006

All 386 seats to the Országgyűlés
194 seats were needed for a majority
  First party Second party
 
Leader Ferenc Gyurcsány Viktor Orbán
Party MSZP Fidesz–KDNP
Leader since - 17 May 2003
Last election 178 seats, 42.05% 179 seats (as part of Fidesz-MDF)
Seats won
Fidesz 139, KDNP 25
Seat change 13 15
Popular vote 2,336,705 2,272,979
Percentage 43.21% 42.03%
Swing 1.16% 0.96%

  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader Gábor Kuncze Ibolya Dávid
Party SZDSZ MDF
Leader since June 2001 30 January 1999
Last election 19 seats, 5.57% 9 seats (as part of Fidesz-MDF)
Seats won
Seat change 1 2
Popular vote 351,612 272,831
Percentage 6.50% 5.04%
Swing 0.93%

Results of the election in all 176 single-member constituencies

PM before election

Ferenc Gyurcsány
MSZP

Elected PM

Ferenc Gyurcsány
MSZP

Electoral system

The unicameral, 386-member National Assembly (Országgyűlés), the highest organ of state authority, initiates and approves legislation sponsored by the prime minister. A party had to win at least 5% of the national vote to form a parliamentary faction. The National Assembly had 386 members, elected for a four-year term: 176 members in single-seat constituencies, 152 by proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies (using territorial lists) and 58 members (using a national list) to realize proportional representation.

The election took over two days. On 9 April elections took place in every constituency, both single-seat and multi-seat. In order to get elected into a single-seat constituency, a candidate needs to receive more than 50% of the vote; in the 2006 elections, the victor received more than 50% of the vote in 66 of the 176 single-seat constituencies. There will be another election in the remaining 110 single-seat constituencies in the 2nd round, in which all but the top three candidates (and every candidate reaching 15%) from the 1st round are excluded. Usually parties form alliances between the two rounds and withdraw many of their 3rd place candidates and call for supporting the allied party so the winning candidate of the 2nd round will receive more than 50% of the vote. However, this process is not automatic; it is grounded by negotiations.

The multi-seat elections also took place during the first round of voting. 146 of the 152 seats were filled using proportional representation. The remaining 6 were added to the national list. The country was divided into 20 regions for the multi-seat elections with varying numbers of members per region. Where a party won more members in a regional than it merited, the surplus votes were deducted from the total it received in the second round. Correspondingly, a party that received fewer seats than it merited had the shortfall votes added to its total in the second round.

A further 58 (plus 6 more not elected from the single-seat constituencies in the first round) extra members were elected using a national list in order to achieve a more proportional result.

Before the election the parties needed to be registered by the National Electoral Office. After registration the parties had the right to collect references. Each candidate had to collect 750 references in their district. If one party collected the required number in two districts (in Budapest 8, Pest 5 and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén 3) in a county, then it could present a list in regional constituencies. If a party had at least seven regional lists, it could present a national compensation list. 17 March was the last day when a party could be registered and a list or a candidate could be registered. By 28 February, 49 parties had sought registration, and 45 were registered by the National Electoral Office.

Campaign

On 10 April the two parties of the governing coalition (Hungarian Socialist Party and Alliance of Free Democrats) announced their alliance for the second round. The Socialist Party withdrew three of their candidates in favour of the Alliance one, and the Alliance withdrew their remaining 55 candidates (all of which had finished third), and called on its voters to support the Socialists. The leaders of the two parties ran a common campaign between the two rounds.

The opposition was not united. The Hungarian Democratic Forum (MDF) which hit the 5% threshold contrary to the polls and expectations made it clear that they would not support Viktor Orbán's Fidesz party. Orbán tried to get their support by declaring that he resigned from Prime Minister candidacy, and sought a compromise candidate, Péter Ákos Bod, but the MDF held on to their independency; thus they did not withdraw their 3rd place candidates. However, some MDF candidates did not agree with this, and withdrew in favour of Fidesz.

Polls

Party January +/- February +/- March
Fidesz – Hungarian Civic Union 48% -6.3% 41.7% +2.5% 44.2%
Hungarian Socialist Party 42% +0.1% 42.1% +2.6% 44.7%
Alliance of Free Democrats 3% +2.8% 5.8% -1.2% 4.6%
Hungarian Democratic Forum 3% +1.4% 4.4% -0.7% 3.7%
Centre Party 2% +0.8% 2.8% -2.2% 0.6%
Hungarian Communist Workers' Party 1% -0.2% 0.8% -0.4% 0.4%
Hungarian Justice and Life PartyJobbik (Movement for a Better Hungary) the Third Way 1% +0.6% 1.6% -0.2% 1.4%
Others 0% +0.8% 0.8% -0.4% 0.4%
Source: Gallup

Results

Party SMCs MMCs National
seats
Total
seats
+/–
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Hungarian Socialist Party2,175,31240.3982,336,70543.27117186+8
Fidesz-MPSZ-KDNP Fidesz-MPSZ 2,269,24142.0682,272,97942.06927141–23
KDNP 23 +23
Alliance of Free Democrats340,7466.33351,6126.541118–1
Hungarian Democratic Forum238,5664.40272,8315.02911+11
MSZP-SZDSZ154,6192.9606
MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties92,7981.70119,0072.20000
Fidesz-MPSZ-KDNP-MDF34,1090.6000
Hungarian Communist Workers' Party16,3790.3021,9550.40000
Centre Party14,1260.3017,4310.30000
MDF-Solidarity for Szabolcs County13,6720.3000
Association for Somogy9,4570.2101New
Forum of Gipsy Organisations in Hungary-Party of Roma Solidarity7,1650.104,4590.1000New
Party of Greens4,6780.102,8700.1000New
Christian Democratic Party - Solidarity of Christian Social Centre2,9060.102,3620.1000New
Hungarian Countryside and Civic Party2,7160.002,7890.1000New
Independent Smallholders Party2,0300.008380.00000
Human Chain for Hungary2,0020.0000New
Workers' Party of Hungary 20061,4890.005560.0000New
Hungarian Pensioners Party-MDF1,1660.0000
Alliance of Hungarians for One Another9040.007670.0000New
Party of Independent Smallholders and National Unity7420.008890.0000New
Hungarian Pensioners Party5050.00000
Social Democratic Party1180.00000
Alliance of Green Democrats950.0000New
Létalap800.0000New
Independents18,0540.3000
Invalid/blank votes51,40247,302
Total5,455,0771001765,455,352100140703860
Registered voters/turnout8,046,12967.88,046,12967.8
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

See also

References

  1. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p 900 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  2. Nohlen & Stöver, p 928
  3. Hungary Socialists win new term BBC News, 26 April 2006
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