2015 Madrilenian regional election

The 2015 Madrilenian regional election was held on Sunday, 24 May 2015, to elect the 10th Assembly of the Community of Madrid. All 129 seats in the Assembly were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

2015 Madrilenian regional election
24 May 2015
All 129 seats in the Assembly of Madrid
65 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered4,880,495 5.6%
Turnout3,205,931 (65.7%)
0.2 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Cristina Cifuentes Ángel Gabilondo José Manuel López
Party PP PSOE Podemos
Leader since 6 March 2015 21 February 2015 1 April 2015
Last election 72 seats, 51.7% 36 seats, 26.3% Did not contest
Seats won 48 37 27
Seat change 24 1 27
Popular vote 1,050,256 807,385 591,697
Percentage 33.1% 25.4% 18.6%
Swing 18.6 pp 0.9 pp New party
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Ignacio Aguado Luis García Montero Ramón Marcos
Party C's IUCM–LV UPyD
Leader since 2 March 2015 27 February 2015 18 October 2014
Last election 0 seats, 0.2% 13 seats, 9.6% 8 seats, 6.3%
Seats won 17 0 0
Seat change 17 13 8
Popular vote 385,836 132,207 64,643
Percentage 12.2% 4.2% 2.0%
Swing 12.0 pp 5.4 pp 4.3 pp
President before election

Ignacio González
PP

 Elected President

Cristina Cifuentes
PP

The ruling People's Party (PP) emerged once again as the largest political force in the region, but it saw a substantial drop in its vote support and the loss of the absolute majority it had held almost uninterruptedly since 1995—with a brief interlude in 2003—. However, as both the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and newcomer Podemos fell one seat short of an absolute majority, it meant that the PP could remain in government through an agreement with liberal Citizens (C's). As a result, Cristina Cifuentes became the new President of the Community of Madrid, forming a minority government with C's providing confidence and supply. Cifuentes would be the third regional President in three years, after Esperanza Aguirre's resignation in 2012 and incumbent president Ignacio González not running for the office as a result of several scandals.

The strong performance of both Podemos and C's was at the expense of left-wing United Left (IU)—which lost its parliamentary representation for the first time in history as a result of not reaching the required 5% threshold—and Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD), whose parliamentary presence was ephemeral having only entered the regional parliament in 2011.

Overview

Electoral system

The Assembly of Madrid was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Madrid, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Madrilenian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1]

Voting for the Assembly was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in the Community of Madrid and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Additionally, Madrilenians abroad were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish: Voto rogado).[2] All members of the Assembly of Madrid were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied regionally. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. The Assembly was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants or fraction greater than 25,000.[1][3]

Election date

The term of the Assembly of Madrid expired four years after the date of its previous election. Elections to the Assembly were fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. The previous election was held on 22 May 2011, setting the election date for the Assembly on Sunday, 24 May 2015.[1][3][4]

The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Assembly of Madrid and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no nationwide election was due and some time requirements were met: namely, that dissolution did not occur either during the first legislative session or within the legislature's last year ahead of its scheduled expiry, nor before one year had elapsed since a previous dissolution. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Assembly was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called. Any snap election held as a result of these circumstances would not alter the period to the next ordinary election, with elected deputies merely serving out what remained of their four-year terms.[1]

Background

After the 2011 regional election, the People's Party (PP) was re-elected to a fourth consecutive term in office with an absolute majority of seats, with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) under Tomás Gómez obtaining the worst result of its history in the region. President Esperanza Aguirre, which had renewed the office for a third term, resigned on 17 September 2012 allegedly a result of health issues but also for "personal reasons". She was succeeded in the Presidency by her deputy, Ignacio González.[5]

Opinion polls from 2012 predicted a drop in vote support for the PP, to the point that it could lose the absolute majority it had enjoyed almost uninterruptedly since 1995. The same polls had shown that the PSOE remained unable to capitalize on the PP government electoral wear. On the 2014 European Parliament election, both parties obtained historic lows: with 29.9%, the People's Party result in the region was the lowest since the 1989 election, while PSOE's result at 18.9% was the party's lowest score ever. Newly created party Podemos was able to poll at 11.3%, placing itself as the third political force of the community and within striking distance of the PSOE.[6] Podemos' growth in opinion polls since mid-to-late 2014 at the expense of PSOE's vote inspired fears within the party that it could be displaced to third place both regionally and nationally.[7]

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 0.5 percent of the electorate in the Community of Madrid, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[3][4]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances		 Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Votes (%) Seats
PP Cristina Cifuentes Conservatism
Christian democracy		 51.73% 72 Y [8]
PSOE Ángel Gabilondo Social democracy 26.27% 36 N [9]
IUCM–LV Luis García Montero Socialism
Communism		 9.61% 13 N [10]
UPyD Ramón Marcos Social liberalism
Radical centrism		 6.32% 8 N [11]
C's Ignacio Aguado Liberalism 0.16% 0 N [12]
Podemos José Manuel López Left-wing populism
Democratic socialism		 Did not contest N [13]

On 11 February 2015, PSOE secretary-general Pedro Sánchez removed Tomás Gómez, PSOE candidate for the 2015 regional election,[14] from the party's regional leadership.[15][16] The decision came, allegedly, after suspicions of Gómez being involved in a tram project corruption scandal during his time as Mayor of Parla,[17][18] though electoral motives may have helped hasten the move, as Gómez was deemed a bad candidate as Rafael Simancas later recognized.[19] Ángel Gabilondo, former Education minister in José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's cabinet from 2009 to 2011, was selected as PSOE's leading candidate in the region replacing Gómez on 21 February 2015.[9]

In United Left (IU), Tania Sánchez, elected as party's presidential candidate in a primary election held on 1 December 2014,[20] had left the party on 4 February 2015 alongside a number of supporters, over an internal conflict with the party's regional leadership, involved in the Caja Madrid "black" credit cards scandal.[21] Luis García Montero, a Spanish poet and literary critic, was selected to replace Sánchez' as IU candidate to the Community of Madrid.[10]

The PP had not yet proclaimed a candidate as of February 2015, despite incumbent President Ignacio González being widely presumed to stand for a second term in office.[22] On 2 March 2015, Spanish newspaper El Mundo's headlines pointed out that González' had asked National Police officers to withhold information over an ongoing investigation on him about a possible tax fraud in the purchase of a luxury penthouse.[23] González announced that he was the victim of policial 'blackmail' and reiterated his wish to be his party's candidate for the 2015 election.[24] However, rumours arose in the media that the party's leadership had withdrawn their support from González and expected him to eventually give up on his intention to run.[25] Finally, on 6 March 2015, incumbent Government delegate in Madrid Cristina Cifuentes was chosen as PP candidate for the autonomous community, while former regional president Esperanza Aguirre was nominated as candidate to the City Council of Madrid.[8]

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 65 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Assembly of Madrid.

Color key:

  Poll conducted after legal ban on opinion polls   Exit poll

Results

Overall
← Summary of the 24 May 2015 Assembly of Madrid election results →
Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP) 1,050,25633.08–18.65 48–24
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 807,38525.43–0.84 37+1
We Can (Podemos) 591,69718.64New 27+27
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 385,83612.15+11.99 17+17
United Left of the Community of Madrid–The Greens (IUCM–LV) 132,2074.16–5.47 0–13
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 64,6432.04–4.28 0–8
Vox (Vox) 37,4911.18New 0±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 32,2281.02+0.49 0±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000) 6,0370.19New 0±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) 5,5500.17New 0±0
Union for Leganés (ULEG) 5,4420.17+0.08 0±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 4,1380.13New 0±0
Humanist Party (PH) 3,4600.11–0.02 0±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 3,1960.10–0.09 0±0
The National Coalition (LCN) 2,7470.09New 0±0
Spanish Alternative (AES) 2,5520.08–0.04 0±0
Individual Freedom Party (P–LIB) 1,8600.06New 0±0
Castilian Party–Commoners' Land: Pact (PCAS–TC–Pacto) 1,7550.06±0.00 0±0
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 1,3780.04±0.00 0±0
Blank ballots 34,8561.10–1.29
Total 3,174,714 129±0
Valid votes 3,174,71499.03+0.71
Invalid votes 31,2170.97–0.71
Votes cast / turnout 3,205,93165.69–0.17
Abstentions 1,674,56434.31+0.17
Registered voters 4,880,495
Sources[26][27][28]
Popular vote
PP
 
 33.08%
PSOE
 
 25.43%
Podemos
 
 18.64%
C's
 
 12.15%
IUCM–LV
 
 4.16%
UPyD
 
 2.04%
Vox
 
 1.18%
PACMA
 
 1.02%
Others
 
 1.20%
Blank ballots
 
 1.10%
Seats
PP
 
 37.21%
PSOE
 
 28.68%
Podemos
 
 20.93%
C's
 
 13.18%

Elected legislators

The following table lists the elected legislators sorted by order of election.[29]

Aftermath

Government formation

Investiture processes to elect the President of the Community of Madrid required for an absolute majority—more than half the votes cast—to be obtained in the first ballot. If unsuccessful, a new ballot would be held 48 hours later requiring of a simple majority—more affirmative than negative votes—to succeed. If none of such majorities were achieved, successive candidate proposals could be processed under the same procedure. In the event of the investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Assembly would be automatically dissolved and a snap election called.[1]

Investiture
Cristina Cifuentes (PP)
Ballot → 24 June 2015
Required majority → 65 out of 129 Y
65 / 129
64 / 129
Abstentions
0 / 129
Absentees
0 / 129
Sources[28]

2017 motion of no confidence
Motion of no confidence
Lorena Ruiz-Huerta (Podemos)
Ballot → 8 June 2017
Required majority → 65 out of 129 N
27 / 129
64 / 129
37 / 129
Absentees
1 / 129
Sources[30]

2018 investiture

The PSOE announced that it would table a motion of no confidence on Cifuentes' government, after it was revealed that Cifuentes could have obtained a master's degree through fraudulent means and that documents were falsified in order to cover up the scandal.[31][32][33] After Cifuentes' resignation as a result of the ensuing scandals, the motion of censure was cancelled and Ángel Garrido was elected as new president.

Investiture
Ángel Garrido (PP)
Ballot → 18 May 2018
Required majority → 65 out of 129 Y
65 / 129
64 / 129
Abstentions
0 / 129
Absentees
0 / 129
Sources[28]

References
Opinion poll sources
  1. "El PP habría ganado las elecciones autonómicas en Madrid pero insuficiente para gobernar". Telemadrid (in Spanish). 24 May 2015.
  2. "Encuestas y resultados - elecciones autonómicas y municipales del 24 de mayo de 2015". GAD3 (in Spanish). 28 May 2015.
  3. "Rajoy cree un éxito ser el más votado aunque pierda plazas simbólicas". ABC (in Spanish). 17 May 2015.
  4. "El PP mantendría sin apoyos Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Murcia y La Rioja". La Razón (in Spanish). 17 May 2015.
  5. "Cifuentes, ante el dilema de Rivera o Gabilondo para sellar un acuerdo". La Razón (in Spanish). 17 May 2015.
  6. "Comunidad de Madrid. Encuesta mayo 2015" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 17 May 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2016.
  7. "PP más Ciudadanos, el Gobierno para Madrid". El Mundo (in Spanish). 18 May 2015.
  8. "Intención de voto Comunidad de Madrid. Gráfico". El Mundo (in Spanish). 18 May 2015.
  9. "Ángel Gabilondo pisa los talones a Cristina Cifuentes". Encuestamos (in Spanish). 18 May 2015. Archived from the original on 20 May 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  10. "El PP conserva Madrid con Podemos y Ciudadanos acechando al PSOE". Telecinco (in Spanish). 14 May 2015.
  11. "El PP ganaría en la Comunidad pero necesitaría a Ciudadanos para gobernar". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 11 May 2015.
  12. "El ObSERvatorio de la Cadena SER. Estudio preelectoral de la Comunidad de Madrid (11/5/2015)" (PDF). MyWord (in Spanish). 11 May 2015.
  13. "El Partido Popular perdería la mayoría absoluta en el Ayuntamiento y en la Comunidad de Madrid". laSexta (in Spanish). 2 May 2015.
  14. "El PP gana en Madrid pero tendrá que pactar con Ciudadanos". El País (in Spanish). 1 May 2015.
  15. "Situación política en la Comunidad de Madrid". El País (in Spanish). 1 May 2015.
  16. "PP y Ciudadanos suman en Madrid igual número de escaños que obtuvo el Partido Popular en 2011". Público (in Spanish). 10 May 2015.
  17. "COMUNIDAD DE MADRID, Abril 2015. Sondeo Cámara de Comercio". Electograph (in Spanish). 23 April 2015.
  18. "El PP ganaría en el Ayuntamiento y la Comunidad de Madrid sin mayoría absoluta". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 24 April 2015.
  19. "El PP gana en Madrid, pero necesitará a Ciudadanos para poder gobernar". ABC (in Spanish). 26 April 2015.
  20. "Preelectoral elecciones autonómicas y municipales 2015. Comunidad de Madrid (Estudio nº 3065. Marzo-Abril 2015)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 7 May 2015.
  21. "El PP se echa a la calle para recuperar a las clases medias". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 8 May 2015.
  22. "El PP pierde la mayoría absoluta en Madrid". Telecinco (in Spanish). 24 April 2015.
  23. "Ciudadanos, llave en Madrid". El Mundo (in Spanish). 5 April 2015.
  24. "Encuesta electoral: Comunidad y Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Gráfico". El Mundo (in Spanish). 5 April 2015.
  25. "El PP seguirá siendo el más votado en las CC AA pese a la caída en apoyos". La Razón (in Spanish). 20 April 2015.
  26. "Comunidad de Madrid: Cifuentes: entre el partido de Rivera y una alianza puntual con Gabilondo". La Razón (in Spanish). 20 April 2015.
  27. "Comunidad de Madrid. Encuesta marzo 2015" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 20 April 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2015.
  28. "Madrid, obligada a una gran coalición". El País (in Spanish). 21 February 2015.
  29. "Clima político y social en la Comunidad de Madrid". El País (in Spanish). 21 February 2015.
  30. "González pincha en las encuestas internas del PP". La Gaceta (in Spanish). 17 February 2015.
  31. "COMUNIDAD DE MADRID, Febrero 2015. Sondeo interno PP". Electograph (in Spanish). 18 February 2015.
  32. "Uno de cada tres votantes del PSM rechaza la destitución de Tomás Gómez". laSexta (in Spanish). 15 February 2015.
  33. "La destitución de Gómez sitúa al PSOE en primer lugar y desplaza a Podemos". El País (in Spanish). 12 February 2015.
  34. "Así se hizo el sondeo de urgencia sobre la destitución de Tomás Gómez". Metroscopia (in Spanish). 12 February 2015.
  35. "Un sondeo del PP hunde a Tomás Gómez por debajo de Podemos". El País (in Spanish). 4 February 2015.
  36. "COMUNIDAD DE MADRID, Febrero 2015. Sondeos internos PP". Electograph (in Spanish). 5 February 2015.
  37. "El reparto del poder territorial en España en 2015" (PDF). desarrollando-ideas.com (in Spanish). 31 October 2014.
  38. "El PP también necesitará apoyos para gobernar en la Comunidad de Madrid". ABC (in Spanish). 14 September 2014.
  39. "Proyección del resultado de las europeas en los parlamentos autonómicos". El País (in Spanish). 31 May 2014.
  40. "El PP se desangra en Madrid". El País (in Spanish). 1 May 2014.
  41. "Clima político y social en la Comunidad de Madrid". El País (in Spanish). 1 May 2014.
  42. "Clima político en Madrid". Metroscopia (in Spanish). 5 May 2014.
  43. "El PP perdería la mayoría absoluta en Madrid, según el barómetro de laSexta". laSexta (in Spanish). 2 May 2014.
  44. "El voto líquido". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 March 2014.
  45. "El PP ganaría de nuevo en 9 de 13 autonomías". La Razón (in Spanish). 18 November 2013. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  46. "Encuesta autonómicas NC Report noviembre 2013" (PDF). La Razón (in Spanish). 18 November 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  47. "El PP mantiene el poder autonómico". La Razón (in Spanish). 13 May 2013.
  48. "Perderían la mayoría absoluta en Madrid, Cantabria y Valencia". La Razón (in Spanish). 13 May 2013.
  49. "El PP ganaría en la mayoría de las autonomías (La Razón)". Electómetro (in Spanish). 13 May 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  50. "El PP pierde la mayoría absoluta en el gran feudo de Madrid". El País (in Spanish). 1 May 2013.
  51. "Clima político y social en la Comunidad de Madrid". El País (in Spanish). 1 May 2013.
  52. "Clima político y social en la Comunidad de Madrid". Metroscopia (in Spanish). 3 May 2013.
Other
  1. "Ley Orgánica 3/1983, de 25 de febrero, de Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad de Madrid". Organic Law No. 3 of 25 February 1983. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  2. Reig Pellicer, Naiara (16 December 2015). "Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote". cafebabel.co.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  3. "Ley 11/1986, de 16 de diciembre, Electoral de la Comunidad de Madrid". Law No. 11 of 16 November 1986. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 February 2017.
  4. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  5. "Esperanza Aguirre dimite". El País (in Spanish). 17 September 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  6. "El PP gana en Madrid pero pierde 19 puntos, mientras el PSOE se desploma". madridpress.com (in Spanish). Madrid Press. 26 May 2014. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  7. "El PSOE teme que el CIS le consolide hoy como tercer partido en estimación de voto". ABC (in Spanish). 4 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  8. "Rajoy prescinde de González y pone a Cifuentes de candidata para Madrid". El País (in Spanish). 6 March 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  9. "El PSOE nombra a Ángel Gabilondo candidato a la Comunidad de Madrid". El País (in Spanish). 21 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  10. "Sí con condiciones de Luis García Montero". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 27 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  11. "Marcos y Ortega, candidatos de UPyD a la Comunidad y el Ayuntamiento de Madrid". El Mundo (in Spanish). 18 October 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  12. "Ignacio Aguado, proclamado candidato de Ciudadanos a la Comunidad de Madrid". El Mundo (in Spanish). 26 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  13. "José Manuel López, candidato de Podemos a la Comunidad de Madrid". Telemadrid (in Spanish). 1 April 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  14. "El PSM proclama a Tomás Gómez como candidato a la presidencia de la Comunidad de Madrid" (in Spanish). RTVE. 3 October 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  15. "Pedro Sánchez destituye a Tomás Gómez y crea una gestora en el PSM" (in Spanish). El País. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  16. "Gabilondo y Simancas, entre los posibles sustitutos de Tomás Gómez" (in Spanish). Antena 3. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  17. "Pedro Sánchez da un golpe de autoridad y expulsa a Tomás Gómez como líder en Madrid". El Mundo (in Spanish). 11 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  18. "Tomás Gómez se aferra al cargo y amenaza con recurrir a los tribunales". El Mundo (in Spanish). 11 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  19. "Simancas dice a Valcarce que la elección será democrática "pero más rápida" por el momento "excepcional"". Europa Press (in Spanish). 16 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  20. "Tania Sánchez, elegida como candidata a la presidencia de la Comunidad de Madrid" (in Spanish). Antena 3. 1 December 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  21. "Tania Sánchez deja IU para impulsar un partido de "unidad popular"". El País (in Spanish). 5 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  22. "PP, PSOE e IU, sin candidatos en la Comunidad de Madrid". El Correo (in Spanish). 11 February 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  23. "Ignacio González pidió ayuda a policías para ocultar el caso de su ático". El Mundo (in Spanish). 2 March 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  24. "Ignacio González denuncia un chantaje policial y avisa de que no renuncia a ser candidato". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 2 March 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  25. "El PP espera que Ignacio González dé un paso atrás en su candidatura". El Mundo (in Spanish). 3 March 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
  26. "Summary and electoral results of the X Legislature". asambleamadrid.es (in Spanish). Assembly of Madrid. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  27. "Assembly of Madrid election results, 24 May 2015" (PDF). www.juntaelectoralcentral.es (in Spanish). Electoral Commission of Madrid. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  28. "Elecciones a la Asamblea de Madrid (1983 - 2019)". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  29. Junta Electoral Provincial de Madrid: "Elecciones a la Asamblea de Madrid 2015" (PDF). Boletín Oficial de la Comunidad de Madrid (136): 224–226. 10 June 2015. ISSN 1989-4791. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 July 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  30. Bécares, Roberto; Carvajal, Álvaro (8 June 2017). "Podemos se estrella con su moción". El País.
  31. "Cristina Cifuentes obtuvo su título de máster en una universidad pública con notas falsificadas". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 21 March 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  32. "El acta del máster que exhibió Cifuentes tiene al menos dos firmas falsificadas". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 4 April 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
  33. "El PSOE presentará una moción de censura contra Cifuentes por el escándalo de su máster". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 4 April 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.
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