2019 South African general election

The 2019 South African general election was held on 8 May 2019 to elect a new President, National Assembly and provincial legislatures in each province. These were the sixth elections held since the end of apartheid in 1994 and determined who would become the next President of South Africa.

2019 South African general election
8 May 2019
All 400 seats in the National Assembly of South Africa
201 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered26,727,921
Turnout65.99%
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Cyril Ramaphosa Mmusi Maimane Julius Malema
Party ANC Democratic Alliance Economic Freedom Fighters
Leader since 18 December 2017 10 May 2015 26 July 2013
Last election 62.15%, 249 seats 22.23%, 89 seats 6.35%, 25 seats
Seats won 230 84 44
Seat change 19 5 19
Popular vote 10,026,475 3,621,188 1,881,521
Percentage 57.50% 20.77% 10.79%
Swing 4.65% 1.46% 4.44%
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi Pieter Groenewald Kenneth Meshoe
Party IFP Freedom Front Plus ACDP
Leader since 21 March 1975 12 November 2016 9 December 1993
Last election 2.40%, 10 seats 0.90%, 4 seats 0.57%, 3 seats
Seats won 14 10 4
Seat change 4 6 1
Popular vote 588,839 414,864 146,262
Percentage 3.38% 2.38% 0.84%
Swing 0.98% 1.48% 0.27%
Map showing the largest party in each ward following the election
  African National Congress majority
  African National Congress plurality
  Democratic Alliance majority
  Democratic Alliance plurality
  Inkatha Freedom Party majority
  Inkatha Freedom Party plurality
  Other party majority
  Other party plurality
President before election

Cyril Ramaphosa
African National Congress

 Elected President

Cyril Ramaphosa
African National Congress

Incumbent President Cyril Ramaphosa led the ruling African National Congress, with the party attempting to retain its majority status and secure Ramaphosa a full term in office as president; his predecessor, Jacob Zuma, resigned from office on 14 February 2018. Zuma was already ineligible for a third term in office as the South African Constitution limits a president to serve a maximum of two five-year terms.

The National Assembly election was won by the ruling African National Congress (ANC), but with a reduced majority of 57.50%, down from 62.15% in the 2014 election. This was also the ANC's lowest vote share since the election after the end of apartheid in 1994 where they won 66.35% of the total vote share. The official opposition Democratic Alliance (DA) declined from 22.23% to 20.77%, while the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) significantly grew, going from 6.35% to 10.80%. The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) grew from 2.40% to 3.38%, this was the first time the party grew since 1994. The Freedom Front Plus (FF+) also grew from 0.9% to 2.38%, which is its highest vote share since its founding.

Eight of the nine provincial legislatures were won by the ANC. The EFF retained its position as official opposition in Limpopo and the North West, while simultaneously beating the Democratic Alliance to second place in Mpumalanga. The DA obtained the second place in four provinces won by the ANC. In KwaZulu-Natal, the Inkatha Freedom Party beat the DA to second place for the first time since 2014 and grew to 3.38% on the national level. In the Western Cape, the only province not won by the ANC, the DA declined from 59.38% to 55.45%.

Electoral system

South Africa has a parliamentary system of government; the National Assembly consists of 400 members elected by closed list proportional representation. Two hundred members are elected from national party lists; the other 200 are elected from provincial party lists in each of the nine provinces. The largest remainder method and the Droop quota are used to allocate seats at both the provincial and national level, with the national list seats allocated by subtracting seats won at the provincial level from a party's allocated total seats to give a more proportional result.[1][2] The President of South Africa is elected by the National Assembly after the election.[3]

The provincial legislatures, which vary in size from 30 to 80 members, are also elected by proportional representation with closed lists. The premiers of each province are elected by the respective provincial legislatures.[2]

The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) consists of 90 members, ten elected by each provincial legislature. The NCOP members are elected by the provincial legislatures in proportion to the party makeup of the legislatures.[2]

Date of election

The term of the National Assembly is five years. The previous general election was held on 7 May 2014,[4] and the term of the National Assembly therefore ended on 6 May 2019, but the National Assembly remained competent to function from the time it is dissolved, or its term expires, until the day before the first day of polling for the next National Assembly.

When the National Assembly's term expires (or if it is dissolved),[5] the President must call and set dates for an election, which must be held within 90 days of the date the National Assembly was dissolved or its term expired.[6] Therefore, if the National Assembly had not been dissolved before 6 May 2019, the election had to be held by 4 August 2019. A proclamation calling and setting dates for an election may be issued before or after the expiry of the term of the National Assembly.[6]

On 7 February 2019, while President Cyril Ramaphosa was delivering the annual State of the Nation Address before Parliament, he announced that national and provincial elections would be held on Wednesday, 8 May 2019.[7] This was confirmed in the official proclamation of the election date, made on 26 February 2019, which also closed the voters' roll.[8]

Voter registration

Local voters

On the weekends of 10–11 March 2018[9] and 26–27 January 2019,[10] all voting stations were opened for new voters to register and for those who moved residence to re-register in their new voting district. All South African political parties launched voter registration campaigns. Politicians especially urged the youth to register to vote.[11] Following the January 2019 registration, the commission announced that over 700,000 new voters had registered over the January registration weekend. This brought the combined total of new voters to over 1.1 million and the total number of voters on the voters' roll to 26,727,921.[12]

International voters

Voter registrations for all South Africans living abroad took place from 1 to 4 February 2019. The registration took place during the office hours at all of South Africa’s 120 diplomatic missions.[13] On 14 March 2019, the Independent Electoral Commission confirmed that 30,532 South African voters abroad applied to be included in the election, of which 29,334 applications were approved.[14]

Contesting political parties
Main article: Political parties that contested the 2019 South African general election
An EFF election poster in Cape Town.
A Good party campaign bus in Cape Town. An African Christian Democratic Party election poster can be seen on the lamp post in front of the bus.

The governing African National Congress (ANC) has held a majority of the seats in the National Assembly since 1994, being re-elected with increasing majorities in 1999 and 2004, and with a slight fall in its majority in 2009 and 2014. The ANC is led by Cyril Ramaphosa, who was elected to a five-year term as President of the African National Congress, beating his rival, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, by a narrow margin. David Mabuza was elected as Deputy President of the ANC, succeeding Ramaphosa.[15][16][17]

On 14 February 2018, Zuma resigned as President of South Africa, leading Ramaphosa, as Deputy President, to succeed him as acting president and serve out the remainder of Zuma's term. Ramaphosa was elected president on 15 February 2018.[18] Ramaphosa thus ran for a full term in office as president.[19]

The official opposition Democratic Alliance (DA) was led by Helen Zille. She announced on 12 April 2015, that she was not running for re-election. Leader of the Opposition Mmusi Maimane and Federal Chairperson Wilmot James were seen as prominent front-runners.

At the party's 2015 Federal Congress in Port Elizabeth, Maimane was elected leader of the DA, succeeding outgoing leader Helen Zille. He defeated Wilmot James, winning close to 90% of the vote. He was backed by prominent businessman and future Johannesburg mayor Herman Mashaba. He became the first black South African to lead the DA, as well as its youngest leader to date.[20][21][22] In the 2016 municipal elections, the party contested the municipal elections for the first time under the leadership of Mmusi Maimane. The party gained significant support and control of municipalities all across South Africa while assuming control of most Western Cape councils. In addition, the party gained three metropolitan municipalities from the ANC – Tshwane, Johannesburg and Nelson Mandela Bay. The party did increase its majority in Cape Town. They lost control of the Nelson Mandela Bay municipality in August 2018, after a vote of no confidence ousted the DA administration. The DA held its Federal Congress on 7–8 April 2018 in Pretoria.[23] Mmusi Maimane was re-elected unopposed as the leader for another term.[24]

The Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) is a splinter party of the ANC that was formed in July 2013 by expelled ANC Youth League leader, Julius Malema, taking a strong anti-ANC position within its far-left economic platform, such as calling for the expropriation of land without compensation, and the nationalisation of South Africa's mines and the South African Reserve Bank.[25] The party contested its first general elections in 2014 and garnered support across South Africa, giving it a total of 25 seats in the National Assembly.[26]

The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) was led by Mangosuthu Buthelezi. The party's support has decreased since 2004 due to internal party disputes. The party gained municipalities and support in its stronghold of KwaZulu-Natal in the 2016 municipal elections. This election would be Buthelezi's last election as party president, as he announced on 20 January 2019 that he would not seek re-election to another term. The party launched its manifesto on 10 March 2019. The party elected Velenkosini Hlabisa as Buthelezi's successor.[27][28][29][30]

The National Freedom Party (NFP) was formed in 2011 by disgruntled IFP members. It was launched on 25 January 2011 by Zanele kaMagwaza-Msibi, former chairperson of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP). The party made gains on the IFP in 2014 but lost support in 2016.[31] The party launched its manifesto on 31 March 2019.[32]

The Freedom Front Plus (FF+; Afrikaans: Vryheidsfront Plus, VF+) is a conservative, White separatist party formed in 1994, led by Pieter Groenewald. Since 2004, the party's support has increased but has maintained a small presence in parliament by securing no more than four seats in the National Assembly since the 2004 general election. According to the party's manifesto: "The Freedom Front Plus is irrevocably committed to the realisation of communities', in particular, the Afrikaner's, internationally recognised right to self-determination, territorial or otherwise; the maintenance, protection and promotion of their rights and interests, as well as the promotion of the right of self-determination of any other community, bound by a common language and cultural heritage in South Africa."[33] The party launched its manifesto on 2 March 2019.[34]

The Electoral Commission of South Africa (IEC) announced on 20 March 2019 that a record number of 48 parties had registered candidates for the national parliamentary election. This is 19 more parties that contested the 2014 national elections. In the provincial legislature elections, the total number of parties that registered candidates were:[35][36]

  • Eastern Cape - 26
  • Free State - 28
  • Gauteng - 36
  • KwaZulu-Natal - 31
  • Limpopo - 34
  • Mpumalanga - 28
  • Northern Cape - 21
  • North West - 29
  • Western Cape - 34

The electoral code of conduct was signed at the Gallagher Convention Centre in Midrand, Gauteng on 20 March 2019. At the signing event, a draw was held in which the African Security Congress won the right to appear at the top of the ballot paper.[37][38]

Notable new parties that contested the elections include:

  • Black First Land First (BLF) is a controversial far-left black nationalist political party. The party is headed by its founder and expelled EFF member, Andile Mngxitama. Mngxitama was expelled from the EFF in April 2015 and subsequently lost his National Assembly membership. He founded the party in October 2015, along with other disgruntled EFF members. The party's leaders and its members have been criticised and condemned for making racially insensitive comments that call for the killing of white South Africans.[39] The party launched its manifesto on 6 April 2019.[40]
  • Disgruntled former ANC Member of Parliament, Makhosi Khoza, founded the political party African Democratic Change (ADeC) in December 2017. She announced in April 2018 that she was retiring from politics.[41][42][43] She later resigned from OUTA in March 2019.[44]
  • Patricia de Lille, former Mayor of Cape Town and DA member, formed the political party Good in December 2018. The party is registered with the Electoral Commission of South Africa and contested the 2019 elections.[45][46] The party launched its manifesto on 5 February 2019.[47]
  • On 13 December 2018, former SABC Chief Operating Officer Hlaudi Motsoeneng joined the country's political landscape and launched a new political group named the African Content Movement (ACM). The party launched its manifesto on 6 April 2019.[48]
  • The African Transformation Movement (ATM) is a political party that was formed in October 2018. It is led by Vuyolwethu Zungula. Former Eastern Cape Democratic Alliance Provincial Chairperson Veliswa Mvenya defected to the party and became the party's Provincial Chairperson of the party.[49][50]
  • The Capitalist Party of South Africa (ZACP) is a political party that was launched on 17 March 2018. It was founded by ten people who describe themselves as "positive disruptors" and who believe that innovative thinking could find solutions to many of South Africa's problems. The new political party has a purple cow as its logo.[51]
  • The Land Party is led by Gcobani Ndzongana. The party grew out of land access and housing protests in Zwelihle, Hermanus in 2018. The party launched its manifesto on 21 March 2019.[52]

National

The IEC announced on 20 March 2019 that the following parties would contest the national ballot:[53]

Provincial-only

The following parties contested at provincial level only:

Party defections

Former Mayor of Cape Town, Patricia de Lille, resigned from the Democratic Alliance on 31 October 2018. Various City of Cape Town councillors resigned along with her, including Mayoral Committee Member for Transport, Brett Herron, and City of Cape Town Chief Whip, Shaun August. De Lille has since formed a new political party named Good.[54][55][56]

On 30 December 2018, former DA Western Cape MPP and special advisor to the Minister of Police Bheki Cele, Lennit Max, announced his resignation from the Democratic Alliance and subsequently joined the ANC. The DA had allegedly pressured Max to resign as a party member when he was appointed special advisor in July 2018.[57][58][59]

The United Democratic Movement welcomed former Deputy Party President of the NFP, Sindi Maphumulo-Mashinini, to the party on 2 February 2019.[60]

On 17 February 2019, African National Congress Member of Parliament, Dr Zukile Luyenge, resigned from the ANC and consequently joined the African Transformation Movement. Luyenge was a member of the ANC for thirty years and was elected MP in 2009. The Office of the ANC Chief Whip in the National Assembly confirmed the resignation.[61]

On 2 March 2019, four Eastern Cape Democratic Alliance members resigned from the party and joined the African Transformation Movement. All of the ex-DA members had previously served as municipal councillors.[62] On the same day, ANC, DA and EFF party t-shirts were burnt by defectors to the Minority Front at the party's manifesto launch.[63]

Former Eastern Cape ANC Transport MEC, Thandiswa Marawu, defected to the African Transformation Movement on 11 March 2019.[64]

On 13 March 2019, it was announced that former Provincial Leader of the Democratic Alliance in KwaZulu-Natal, Sizwe Mchunu, and several DA Msunduzi Local Municipality councillors, defected to the African National Congress. National Freedom Party MPL, Njabulo Mlaba, also defected to the ANC.[65][66][67]

Former Eastern Cape Provincial Chairperson of the Economic Freedom Fighters, Themba Wele, defected to the African Transformation Movement on 15 March 2019.[68]

On 26 March 2019, former ANC MP Vytjie Mentor announced that she was joining the African Christian Democratic Party.[69]

Issues
ANC (top) and DA (bottom) election posters advocating economic related election positions in the run up to the 2019 election.
A Democratic Alliance poster in Cape Town stating "keep the lights on" in reference to the energy crisis affecting the country due to problems at the state owned electricity monopoly Eskom.

Corruption

Corruption within the government and government-owned enterprises was a significant electoral issue with all three of the largest parties campaigning on the issue.[70][71] The ANC promised to fight corruption within the government and its own party[70][71] whilst also controversially claiming that it had set up the Zondo Commission of Inquiry into state capture.[72]

The DA wanted to impose a standard 15-year jail sentence for anyone caught committing corruption and establish a new anti-corruption unit in the National Prosecuting Authority to investigate politicians and government officials involved in misconduct. The EFF proposed amending the constitution to make the National Prosecuting Authority accountable to Parliament, rather than the National Government.[73]

Land reform

Land reform was also a major campaign issue that the three largest political parties campaigned on. The ANC pledged to accelerate redistribution through expropriation in a way that will not negatively impact food security. The EFF campaign for state ownership over all land and the abolition of rents whilst the DA campaigned to strengthen property rights but at the same time implementing a land-reform program that increases access to land ownership.[70][71] The Freedom Front Plus (FF+) and Congress of the People (COPE) and many other parties are strongly opposed to land expropriation without compensation. COPE and AfriForum have since formed a partnership in their opposition to the controversial policy.[74][75]

Economic growth

The ANC announced that it would be making economic growth and reducing unemployment the party's main campaign issues during the election.[76] A particular focus for the ANC was on youth unemployment[77] with a promise to create 275,000 new jobs a year for five years and attract R1.2 trillion in investment.[71] Other parties also focused on job creation with the DA promising economic reforms to encourage growth and promoting the growth of small businesses. DA Federal Leader Mmusi Maimane advocated for a job in every household, whilst the EFF promised special economic zones to attract foreign investment.[70][78]

Crime
See also: Crime in South Africa

A number of parties campaigned on the issue of crime and how to deal with it. The ANC pledged to strengthen the police force through better training and recruiting more officers whilst also focusing on dealing with gender-based violence.[79] The DA advocated for the creation and strengthening of local level police forces instead of existing government policy focusing on the national level South African Police Service.[80] The EFF promised harsher sentences for offenders and to greatly expand the police force.[81]

The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP),[82] African Covenant[83] and the African Transformation Movement (ATM)[49][50] campaigned for the return of the death penalty.

Electricity crisis
See also: South African energy crisis

Rolling electricity blackouts caused by long-running and ongoing problems resulting from mismanagement and corruption at the state utility Eskom was an election issue that the Democratic Alliance campaigned on against the incumbent ANC. Mmusi Maimane and the Democratic Alliance Western Cape Premier candidate, Alan Winde, campaigned for the Western Cape to procure its electricity supply from Independent Power Producers (IPPs). ANC President Cyril Ramaphosa said that South Africa would overcome the electricity crisis.[84][85][86]

Events

Durban xenophobic riots
See also: Xenophobia in South Africa § 2019 Durban riots

On 25 March 2019 in the run-up to the election xenophobic riots targeting African immigrants broke out in Durban[87][88] resulting in the deaths of three people and the looting of foreign-owned stores.[89] A speech was given by President Cyril Ramaphosa at the ANC's election manifesto launch in the area two months prior where Ramaphosa committed to cracking down on undocumented foreigners involved in criminal activities was blamed for contributing to xenophobic feeling.[88] The riots and the xenophobic feeling was condemned by political parties and the government.[87][89]

National service delivery protests
See also: 2019 service delivery protests

In early April 2019, a number of service delivery protests took place in Alexandra[90] and Tshwane.[91] The protests were supported by the trade union SAFTU who called on other areas in the province to join the protests.[92] On 11 April 2019, the protests spread to areas of other major cities in the rest of the country.[93] The DA[94] and EFF accused the ANC of instigating the Alexandra protests as an election tactic in the runup to the election in May[95] whilst the ANC accused the DA of not effectively delivering services to the protesting communities.[96] The DA made a counter-accusation that it was ANC governance in these areas two years before was the root cause of poor service delivery in Alexandra.[97]

Accusations of Russian influence

Just before the election was concluded accusations of Russian influence operations in the elections were published in the South African media. The Daily Maverick[98] and Guardian[99] newspapers reported that Putin associate Yevgeny Prigozhin worked to increase support for the ANC and undermine support for the DA and EFF.[100] The Daily Maverick and Dossier Center report stated that Russian political analysis worked "under the auspices of Afric and the International Anti-Crisis Center"[98] to conduct an influence-buying and disinformation campaign.[98] The Russian embassy in South Africa denied the accusation and stated that the accusation does "not stand [up to] basic scrutiny."[101]

Voting

International special votes

Over 29,300 South Africans registered to participate in the national election in the international voting phase, which took place at 120 international voting stations on 27 April 2019. The overseas ballots were counted along with the domestic votes on 8 May 2019.[102][103]

Special votes

The local special vote phase of the election took place from 6 to 7 May 2019, accommodating South Africans who are physically infirm, disabled or pregnant or are unable to vote at their voting station on the polling day.[104] The registration for special votes took place from 4 to 18 April 2019.[105] More than 770,000 voters had registered for special votes.[106] Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu and his wife Leah cast their special votes on 6 May.[107][108]

Voting day

Voting took place relatively smoothly at 22,925 voting stations in South Africa. Voting stations opened at 7:00. By 11:30, the IEC announced that 17 voting stations had not opened, of which 14 were located in the KwaZulu-Natal. A total of 5 voting stations were not operational on voting day. The Commission blamed ongoing community unrest for the derailing of election operations. Voting stations closed and counting began at 21:00.[109][110][111][112]

Incidents

Nineteen people were arrested for allegedly "double voting" in three KwaZulu-Natal municipalities. It is still unclear whether a twentieth person has been arrested.[113]

An elderly woman died on voting day while trying to cast her ballot. The Gauteng African National Congress sent their condolences. An Eastern Cape deputy presiding officer also died.[114]

Indelible ink

During the election there was some controversy over the quality of indelible ink used to mark voters and prevent double voting. It was reported by some voters that the ink was easily removed shortly after voting, leading to questions around the quality of the ink used.[115][116] An IEC investigation following the elections concluded that there were "negligible risks" to the election and its results caused by this event.[117]

Opinion polling
Polling Organisation Fieldwork Date Sample Size ANC DA EFF Others Don't
Know[lower-alpha 1]		 Lead
2019 General Election Results 8 May 2019 N/A 57.5 20.8 10.8 10.9 N/A 36.7
Intellidex 2 May 2019 Investor poll 57.4 20.7 11.5 N/A N/A 36.7
IRR 18 Apr 2019 – 25 Apr 2019 2,375 49.5 21.3 14.9 9.3 0.9 27.7
Ipsos 22 Mar 2019 – 17 Apr 2019 3,600 56.9 15.2 9.5 5.9 12.5 41.7
Ipsos 1 Feb 2019 – 4 Mar 2019 3,511 61 18 10 11 0 43
IRR 12 Feb 2019 – 26 Feb 2019 1,611 54.7 21.8 12.2 8.8 2.5 32.9
Afric 29 Jan 2019 – 8 Feb 2019 1,501 58.1 9.8 16.7 3.5 11.9 41.4
Ipsos 23 Oct 2018 – 4 Dec 2018 3,571 61 14 9 4 12 47
IRR 26 Nov – 4 Dec 2018 1,017 56 18 11 14 1 38
Afrobarometer Aug—Sep 2018 1,800 48 11 11 3 27 37
IRR 22 Aug – 4 Sep 2018 978 52 23 13 10 2 29
Ipsos 20 Apr – 7 Jun 2018 3,738 60 13 7 2 18 47
Ipsos May 2017 3,471 47 21 5 3 24 26
2014 General Election Results 7 May 2014 N/A 62.2 22.2 6.4 5.3 N/A 40

Election results

National Assembly
↓
230 84 44 14 28
ANC DA EFF IFP Others
Map showing the party with the largest number of votes in each voting district in the election for the National Assembly.
  African National Congress
  Democratic Alliance
  Economic Freedom Fighters
  Inkatha Freedom Party
  Freedom Front Plus
  Other party
  Tie between two or more parties
Results of the national vote by municipality.
  ANC majority
  ANC plurality
  DA majority
  DA plurality
  Inkatha majority
  Inkatha plurality
  ICOSA plurality
Seats in the National Assembly won by province
 
Party Votes % +/− Seats +/−
list African National Congress 10,026,475 57.50 4.65 230 19
list Democratic Alliance 3,621,188 20.77 1.36 84 5
list Economic Freedom Fighters 1,881,521 10.79 4.44 44 19
list Inkatha Freedom Party 588,839 3.38 0.98 14 4
list Freedom Front Plus 414,864 2.38 1.48 10 6
list African Christian Democratic Party 146,262 0.84 0.27 4 1
list United Democratic Movement 78,030 0.45 0.55 2 2
list African Transformation Movement 76,830 0.44 New 2 New
list Good 70,408 0.40 New 2 New
list National Freedom Party 61,220 0.35 1.22 2 4
list African Independent Congress 48,107 0.28 0.25 2 1
list Congress of the People 47,461 0.27 0.40 2 1
list Pan Africanist Congress 32,677 0.18 0.02 1 0
list Al Jama-ah 31,468 0.18 0.04 1 1
list African Security Congress 26,263 0.15 New 0 New
list Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party 24,439 0.14 New 0 New
list Black First Land First 19,796 0.11 New 0 New
list African People's Convention 19,593 0.11 0.06 0 1
list Afrikan Alliance of Social Democrats 18,834 0.11 New 0 New
list Capitalist Party of South Africa 15,915 0.09 New 0 New
list Alliance for Transformation for All 14,266 0.08 New 0 New
list Agang SA 13,856 0.08 0.20 0 2
list Azanian People's Organisation 12,823 0.07 0.04 0 0
list Independent Civic Organisation 12,386 0.07 0.01 0 0
list Minority Front 11,961 0.07 0.05 0 0
list Democratic Liberal Congress 10,767 0.06 New 0 New
list Better Residents Association 9,179 0.05 0.03 0 0
list Forum for Service Delivery 8,525 0.05 New 0 New
list Front National 7,144 0.04 0.01 0 0
list Land Party 7,074 0.04 New 0 New
list African Covenant 7,019 0.04 New 0 New
list Patriotic Alliance 6,660 0.04 0.03 0 0
list African Democratic Change 6,499 0.04 New 0 New
list Economic Emancipation Forum 6,319 0.04 New 0 New
list Women Forward 6,108 0.04 New 0 New
list Christian Political Movement 4,980 0.03 New 0 New
list African Content Movement 4,841 0.03 New 0 New
list International Revelation Congress 4,247 0.02 New 0 New
list National People’s Front 4,019 0.02 New 0 New
list African Renaissance Unity Party 3,860 0.02 New 0 New
list African Congress of Democrats 3,768 0.02 New 0 New
list South African National Congress of Traditional Authorities 3,714 0.02 New 0 New
list Compatriots of South Africa 3,406 0.02 New 0 New
list People’s Revolutionary Movement 2,844 0.02 New 0 New
list Power of Africans Unity 2,685 0.02 New 0 New
list Free Democrats 2,580 0.01 New 0 New
list South African Maintenance and Estate Beneficiaries Association 2,445 0.01 New 0 New
list National People’s Ambassadors 1,979 0.01 New 0 New
Total 17,436,144 100.00 400
Valid votes 17,436,144 98.67
Spoilt votes 235,472 1.33
Total votes cast 17,671,616 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 26,779,025 65.99
Source: IEC

National Council of Provinces

After the elections of 8 May 2019, the new provincial legislatures met on 22 May to elect NCOP delegations. The delegations elected are described in the following table.

 
Party Delegate type Province Total
EC FS G KZN L M NW NC WC
African National Congress Permanent 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 29 54
Special 3 3 2 3 4 3 3 3 1 25
Democratic Alliance Permanent 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 13 20
Special 1 1 1 1 3 7
Economic Freedom Fighters Permanent 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 11
Special 1 1 2
Freedom Front Plus Permanent 1 1 2 3
Special 1 1
Inkatha Freedom Party Permanent 1 1 2
Special 1 1
Total 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 90

Eastern Cape
Composition of the Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature.
  African National Congress
  Democratic Alliance
  Economic Freedom Fighters
  United Democratic Movement
  African Transformation Movement
  Freedom Front Plus
 
Party Votes % +/− Seats +/−
ANC 1,357,137 68.74 1.35 44 1
Democratic Alliance 310,538 15.73 0.47 10 0
Economic Freedom Fighters 154,821 7.84 4.36 5 3
UDM 51,233 2.60 3.56 2 2
African Transformation Movement 30,082 1.52 New 1 New
Freedom Front Plus 11,548 0.58 0.27 1 1
ACDP 9,249 0.47 0.14 0 0
African Independent Congress 8,331 0.42 0.35 0 1
Pan Africanist Congress 8,009 0.41 0.03 0 0
Alliance for Transformation for All 5,238 0.27 New 0 New
Congress of the People 4,971 0.25 0.95 0 1
Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party 4,807 0.24 New 0 New
Good 4,670 0.24 New 0 New
Al Jama-ah 3,007 0.15 New 0 New
African People's Convention 2,513 0.13 0.10 0 0
Azanian People's Organisation 1,585 0.08 0.04 0 0
IFP 1,028 0.05 0.01 0 0
Christian Political Movement 1,016 0.05 New 0 New
Forum for Service Delivery 902 0.05 New 0 New
African Change Academy 634 0.03 New 0 New
National Freedom Party 593 0.03 0.13 0 0
African Covenant 549 0.03 New 0 New
Plaaslike Besorgde Inwoners 534 0.03 New 0 New
International Revelation Congress 452 0.02 New 0 New
African Content Movement 374 0.02 New 0 New
People’s Revolutionary Movement 360 0.02 New 0 New
Total 1,974,181 100.00 63
Valid votes 1,974,181 98.65
Blank or Spoilt votes 27,081 1.35
Total votes cast 2,001,262 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 3,363,161 59.51
Source: IEC

Free State
Composition of the Free State Provincial Legislature.
  African National Congress
  Democratic Alliance
  Economic Freedom Fighters
  Freedom Front Plus
 
Party Votes % +/− Seats +/−
ANC 541,535 61.14 8.71 19 3
Democratic Alliance 155,694 17.58 1.35 6 1
Economic Freedom Fighters 111,427 12.58 4.43 4 2
Freedom Front Plus 35,031 3.96 1.86 1 0
African Transformation Movement 6,897 0.78 New 0 New
Patriotic Alliance 4,950 0.56 0.50 0 0
Congress of the People 3,972 0.45 1.18 0 0
African Independent Congress 3,960 0.45 New 0 New
ACDP 3,697 0.42 0.09 0 0
African Democratic Change 3,346 0.38 New 0 New
African Content Movement 1,885 0.21 New 0 New
Afrikan Alliance of Social Democrats 1,646 0.19 New 0 New
Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party 1,567 0.18 New 0 New
Pan Africanist Congress 1,513 0.17 0.04 0 0
Agang SA 1,338 0.15 0.05 0 0
African People's Convention 1,309 0.15 0.17 0 0
Azanian People's Organisation 833 0.09 0.07 0 0
UDM 826 0.09 0.12 0 0
Good 709 0.08 New 0 New
IFP 705 0.08 0.03 0 0
Power of Africans Unity 533 0.06 New 0 New
African Congress of Democrats 505 0.06 New 0 New
Women Forward 408 0.05 New 0 New
African Covenant 365 0.04 New 0 New
Alliance for Transformation for All 361 0.04 New 0 New
National Freedom Party 288 0.03 0.08 0 0
South African Concerned Residents Organisation 4 Service Delivery 253 0.03 New 0 New
South African National Congress of Traditional Authorities 124 0.01 New 0 New
Total 885,677 100.00 30
Valid votes 885,677 98.72
Spoilt votes 11,508 1.28
Total votes cast 897,185 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 1,462,508 61.36
Source: IEC

Gauteng
See also: 2019 Gauteng provincial election
Composition of the Gauteng Provincial Legislature.
  African National Congress
  Democratic Alliance
  Economic Freedom Fighters
  Freedom Front Plus
  Inkatha Freedom Party
   African Christian Democratic Party
 
Party Votes % +/− Seats +/−
ANC 2,168,253 50.19 3.40 37 3
Democratic Alliance 1,185,743 27.45 3.33 20 3
Economic Freedom Fighters 634,387 14.69 4.39 11 3
Freedom Front Plus 153,844 3.56 2.36 3 2
IFP 38,263 0.89 0.11 1 0
ACDP 30,605 0.71 0.09 1 1
African Transformation Movement 10,861 0.25 New 0 New
Pan Africanist Congress 10,534 0.24 0.02 0 0
Congress of the People 10,197 0.24 0.25 0 0
UDM 9,267 0.21 0.23 0 0
African Independent Congress 9,016 0.21 New 0 New
Good 8,544 0.20 New 0 New
Al Jama-ah 7,606 0.18 New 0 New
Black First Land First 5,773 0.13 New 0 New
Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party 5,465 0.13 New 0 New
Azanian People's Organisation 3,516 0.08 0.04 0 0
National Freedom Party 3,177 0.07 0.40 0 0
Agang SA 3,158 0.07 0.35 0 0
African People's Convention 3,128 0.07 0.09 0 0
African Covenant 2,528 0.06 New 0 New
Women Forward 2,050 0.05 0.05 0 0
Patriotic Alliance 1,773 0.04 0.00 0 0
Economic Emancipation Forum 1,700 0.04 New 0 New
Independent Civic Organisation 1,470 0.03 0.01 0 0
Alliance for Transformation for All 1,401 0.03 New 0 New
African Content Movement 1,251 0.03 New 0 New
National People’s Front 1,125 0.03 New 0 New
African Renaissance Unity Party 927 0.02 New 0 New
African Democratic Change 918 0.02 New 0 New
International Revelation Congress 722 0.02 New 0 New
Gazankulu Liberation Congress 672 0.02 New 0 New
Better Residents Association 525 0.01 New 0 New
Land Party 511 0.01 New 0 New
Power of Africans Unity 470 0.01 New 0 New
South African National Congress of Traditional Authorities 367 0.01 New 0 New
Zenzeleni Progressive Movement 190 0.00 New 0 New
Total 4,319,937 100.00 73
Valid votes 4,319,937 99.14
Spoilt votes 37,411 0.86
Total votes cast 4,357,348 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 6,381,220 68.28
Source: IEC

KwaZulu-Natal
Composition of the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature.
  African National Congress
  Inkatha Freedom Party
  Democratic Alliance
  Economic Freedom Fighters
  National Freedom Party
  Minority Front
  African Transformation Movement
  African Christian Democratic Party
 
Party Votes % +/− Seats +/−
ANC 1,950,022 54.21 10.31 44 8
IFP 588,000 16.35 5.48 13 4
Democratic Alliance 500,038 13.90 1.14 11 1
Economic Freedom Fighters 349,202 9.71 7.86 8 6
National Freedom Party 56,584 1.57 5.74 1 5
Minority Front 18,864 0.52 0.5 1 1
African Transformation Movement 17,716 0.49 New 1 New
ACDP 17,213 0.48 0.04 1 1
Democratic Liberal Congress 13,697 0.38 New 0 New
Freedom Front Plus 11,269 0.31 0.11 0 0
Al Jama-ah 9,897 0.28 New 0 New
African Independent Congress 9,291 0.26 New 0 New
Justice and Employment Party 8,153 0.23 New 0 New
Black First Land First 5,787 0.16 New 0 New
Congress of the People 4,955 0.14 0.02 0 0
Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party 4,222 0.12 New 0 New
Good 4,015 0.11 New 0 New
African People's Convention 3,651 0.10 0.08 0 0
UDM 3,557 0.10 0.07 0 0
Alliance for Transformation for All 2,624 0.07 New 0 New
Azanian People's Organisation 2,511 0.07 0.08 0 0
Pan Africanist Congress 2,506 0.07 0.01 0 0
National People’s Front 2,437 0.07 New 0 New
People’s Revolutionary Movement 2,402 0.07 New 0 New
African Mantungwa Community 1,593 0.04 New 0 New
African Renaissance Unity Party 1,376 0.04 New 0 New
African Content Movement 1,368 0.04 New 0 New
National People's Ambassadors 1,293 0.04 New 0 New
Women Forward 944 0.03 New 0 New
African Covenant 938 0.03 New 0 New
National Religious Freedom Party 896 0.02 New 0 New
Total 3,597,024 100.00 80
Valid votes 3,597,024 98.5
Spoilt votes 56,485 1.5
Total votes cast 3,653,509 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 5,524,666 66.15
Source: IEC

Limpopo
Composition of the Limpopo Provincial Legislature.
  African National Congress
  Economic Freedom Fighters
  Democratic Alliance
  Freedom Front Plus
 
Party Votes % +/− Seats +/−
ANC 1,096,300 75.49 3.11 38 1
Economic Freedom Fighters 209,488 14.43 3.69 7 1
Democratic Alliance 78,360 5.40 1.08 3 0
Freedom Front Plus 20,572 1.42 0.73 1 1
African People's Convention 5,290 0.36 0.01 0 0
ACDP 5,069 0.35 0.13 0 0
African Transformation Movement 4,136 0.28 New 0 New
African Independent Congress 3 961 0.27 New 0 New
Congress of the People 3,398 0.23 0.63 0 1
Azanian People's Organisation 2,450 0.17 0.09 0 0
Pan Africanist Congress 2,408 0.17 0.12 0 0
Agang SA 2,265 0.16 0.20 0 0
Bolsheviks Party of South Africa 2,088 0.14 New 0 New
Civic Warriors of Maruleng 2,043 0.14 New 0 New
Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party 1,392 0.10 New 0 New
UDM 1,324 0.09 0.18 0 0
Ximoko Party 1,163 0.08 0.13 0 0
Gaza Movement for Change 831 0.06 New 0 New
African Covenant 690 0.05 New 0 New
IFP 655 0.05 0.03 0 0
Magoshi Swaranang Movement 651 0.04 New 0 New
Better Residents Association 647 0.04 New 0 New
Good 494 0.03 New 0 New
Gazankulu Liberation Congress 462 0.03 New 0 New
Power of Africans Unity 414 0.03 New 0 New
African Renaissance Unity Party 397 0.03 New 0 New
African Content Movement 281 0.02 New 0 New
African People's Socialist 267 0.02 New 0 New
Women Forward 256 0.02 New 0 New
Land Party 227 0.02 New 0 New
National Freedom Party 191 0.01 0.03 0 0
South African National Congress of Traditional Authorities 144 0.01 New 0 New
Total 1,452,158 100.00 49
Valid votes 1,452,158 98.77
Spoilt votes 18,072 1.23
Total votes cast 1,470,222 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 2,608,460 56.36
Source: IEC

Mpumalanga
Composition of the Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature.
  African National Congress
  Economic Freedom Fighters
  Democratic Alliance
  Freedom Front Plus
 
Party Votes % +/− Seats +/−
ANC 858,589 70.58 7.65 22 2
Economic Freedom Fighters 155,573 12.79 6.53 4 2
Democratic Alliance 118,915 9.77 0.63 3 0
Freedom Front Plus 29,512 2.43 1.61 1 1
Better Residents Association 8,816 0.72 0.43 0 1
African Transformation Movement 7,468 0.61 New 0 New
ACDP 6,183 0.51 0.11 0 0
African Independent Congress 4,376 0.36 New 0 New
African People's Convention 4,083 0.34 0.10 0 0
IFP 3 750 0.31 0.05 0 0
South African National Congress of Traditional Authorities 2,884 0.24 New 0 New
Agang SA 1,828 0.15 0.02 0 0
Congress of the People 1,819 0.15 0.17 0 0
Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party 1,814 0.15 New 0 New
Pan Africanist Congress 1,683 0.14 0.09 0 0
National Freedom Party 1,430 0.12 0.63 0 0
Sindawonye Progressive Party 1,205 0.10 0.22 0 0
Black First Land First 1,097 0.09 New 0 New
Forum for Service Delivery 949 0.08 New 0 New
UDM 917 0.08 0.05 0 0
Good 673 0.06 New 0 New
African Covenant 541 0.04 New 0 New
Azanian People's Organisation 526 0.04 0.05 0 0
Alliance for Transformation for All 513 0.04 New 0 New
Residence Association of South Africa 489 0.04 New 0 New
International Revelation Congress 441 0.04 New 0 New
African Content Movement 323 0.03 New 0 New
Zenzeleni Progressive Movement 125 0.01 New 0 New
Total 1,216,522 100.00 30
Valid votes 1,216,522 98.62
Spoilt votes 17,022 1.38
Total votes cast 1,233,544 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 1,951,776 63.20
Source: IEC

Northern Cape
Composition of the Northern Cape Provincial Legislature.
  African National Congress
  Democratic Alliance
  Economic Freedom Fighters
  Freedom Front Plus
 
Party Votes % +/− Seats +/−
ANC 228,265 57.54 6.86 18 2
Democratic Alliance 101,198 25.51 1.62 8 1
Economic Freedom Fighters 38,527 9.71 4.75 3 1
Freedom Front Plus 10,641 2.68 1.59 1 1
Congress of the People 3,400 0.86 2.74 0 1
Good 3,283 0.83 New 0 New
ACDP 2,912 0.73 0.20 0 0
African Independent Congress 2,191 0.55 New 0 New
Azanian People's Organisation 996 0.25 0.00 0 0
Khoisan Revolution 990 0.25 New 0 New
African Transformation Movement 940 0.24 New 0 New
African People's Convention 608 0.15 0.13 0 0
Aboriginal Khoisan 573 0.14 New 0 New
Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party 542 0.14 New 0 New
Pan Africanist Congress 435 0.11 0.00 0 0
Afrikan Alliance of Social Democrats 360 0.09 New 0 New
UDM 245 0.06 0.03 0 0
African Covenant 196 0.05 New 0 New
National Freedom Party 157 0.04 0.01 0 0
International Revelation Congress 120 0.03 New 0 New
African Content Movement 100 0.03 New 0 New
Total 396,679 100.00 30
Valid votes 396,679 98.76
Spoilt votes 4,984 1.24
Total votes cast 401,663 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 626,471 64.12
Source: IEC

North West
Composition of the North West Provincial Legislature.
  African National Congress
  Economic Freedom Fighters
  Democratic Alliance
  Freedom Front Plus
 
Party Votes % +/− Seats +/−
ANC 590,777 61.87 5.52 21 2
Economic Freedom Fighters 177,983 18.64 5.43 6 1
Democratic Alliance 106,738 11.18 1.55 4 0
Freedom Front Plus 41,266 4.32 2.60 2 1
United Christian Democratic Party 4,628 0.48 0.70 0 0
African Independent Congress 4,398 0.46 New 0 New
African Transformation Movement 3,684 0.39 New 0 New
ACDP 3,225 0.34 0.19 0 0
Forum for Service Delivery 3,159 0.33 New 0 New
UDM 2,842 0.30 0.58 0 0
Congress of the People 2,595 0.27 0.53 0 0
Agang SA 1,981 0.21 0.23 0 0
Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party 1,884 0.20 New 0 New
African People's Convention 1,285 0.13 0.27 0 0
Good 1,144 0.12 New 0 New
Pan Africanist Congress 1,013 0.11 0.03 0 0
IFP 808 0.08 0.06 0 0
Azanian People's Organisation 782 0.08 0.09 0 0
Black First Land First 668 0.07 New 0 New
Alliance for Transformation for All 577 0.06 New 0 New
National Freedom Party 532 0.06 0.09 0 0
Women Forward 527 0.06 New 0 New
African Covenant 525 0.05 New 0 New
African Content Movement 359 0.04 New 0 New
South African Political Party 356 0.04 0.02 0 0
International Revelation Congress 333 0.03 New 0 New
Uniting People First 321 0.03 New 0 New
Patriotic Alliance 306 0.03 New 0 New
Reikemetse Dikgabo Party 140 0.01 New 0 New
Total 954,836 100.00 33
Valid votes 954,836 98.37
Spoilt votes 15,833 1.63
Total votes cast 970,669 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 1,702,728 57.01
Source: IEC

Western Cape
See also: 2019 Western Cape provincial election
Composition of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament.
  Democratic Alliance
  African National Congress
  Economic Freedom Fighters
  Good
  African Christian Democratic Party
  Freedom Front Plus
  Al Jama-ah
 
Party Votes % +/− Seats +/−
Democratic Alliance 1,140,647 55.45 3.93 24 2
ANC 589,055 28.64 4.25 12 2
Economic Freedom Fighters 83,075 4.04 1.93 2 1
Good 61,971 3.01 New 1 New
ACDP 54,762 2.66 1.64 1 0
Freedom Front Plus 32,115 1.56 1.01 1 1
Al Jama-ah 17,607 0.86 0.24 1 1
Independent Civic Organisation 9,536 0.46 0.10 0 0
Cape Party 9,331 0.45 New 0 New
Congress of the People 6,528 0.32 0.27 0 0
Alliance for Transformation for All 6,175 0.30 New 0 New
Land Party 5,926 0.29 New 0 New
UDM 5,728 0.28 0.20 0 0
African Transformation Movement 4,953 0.24 New 0 New
Plaaslike Besorgde Inwoners 3,851 0.19 New 0 New
Pan Africanist Congress 3,845 0.19 0.02 0 0
Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party 3,026 0.15 New 0 New
African Independent Congress 2,898 0.14 0.17 0 0
Green Party 2,613 0.13 New 0 New
National Freedom Party 2,240 0.11 0.07 0 0
Khoisan Revolution 1,854 0.09 New 0 New
Dienslewerings Party 1,703 0.08 New 0 New
Karoo Democratic Force 1,512 0.07 New 0 New
African Covenant 993 0.05 New 0 New
African People's Convention 915 0.04 0.02 0 0
People's Republic of South Africa 710 0.03 New 0 New
IFP 599 0.03 0.02 0 0
All Things Are Possible 556 0.03 New 0 New
African Progressive Movement 531 0.03 New 0 New
Azanian People's Organisation 475 0.02 0.02 0 0
Free Democrats 470 0.02 New 0 New
New South Africa Party 444 0.02 New 0 New
Forum for Service Delivery 310 0.02 New 0 New
African Content Movement 257 0.01 New 0 New
Total 2,057,212 100.00 42
Valid votes 2,057,212 99.20
Spoilt votes 16,516 0.80
Total votes cast 2,073,728 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 3,128,567 66.28
Source: IEC

Aftermath

Party leadership

The African National Congress (ANC) announced its parliamentary leadership candidates on 20 May 2019. The party announced that outgoing National Council of Provinces Chairperson, Thandi Modise, would succeed Baleka Mbete as Speaker of the National Assembly. Amos Masondo was named the new Chairperson of National Council of the Provinces. Controversial ANC politician, Nomvula Mokonyane, was named as the party's candidate for the post of Chair of Committees, but she withdrew her name prior to the first sitting of the new National Assembly. Outgoing Speaker of the National Assembly Baleka Mbete and former ANC MP Malusi Gigaba declined their seats.[118][119][120][121]

After the elections, it was speculated that the Democratic Alliance (DA) would dismiss its leader, Mmusi Maimane, due to the party's decline in the polls.[122] When asked about the speculations, the DA Federal Council Chairperson James Selfe said "that will be up to the party to decide."[123] The following week, the party's Federal Chairperson Athol Trollip, after in consultation with the Federal Executive members, announced that Maimane could remain leader until the next DA Federal Congress.[124][125] Maimane resigned from the party on 24 October 2019.[126] John Steenhuisen was elected his interim successor on 17 November 2019.[127] Senior Freedom Front Plus member Philip van Staden stated that his party benefited considerably in the election due to the Maimane's positions on race and ethnic identity resulting in the alienation of many white voters.[128]

The Congress of the People (COPE), who had a dismal showing and further declined in this election, was rumoured to be planning a motion of no confidence in its leader, Mosiuoa Lekota, to effectively dismiss him over the party's partnership with controversial AfriForum.[129][130] The party quickly rubbished the claims, stating that it has full confidence in its leader.[131]

The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) held its elective conference in August 2019 to elect a new leader for the first time in its history as chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi stepped down after 44 years at the helm.[132] The conference elected former mayor and current leader of the opposition in the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature, Velenkosini Hlabisa, as his successor.[133][134]

Swearing-in of MPs and MPLs

The National Assembly and all nine provincial legislatures reconvened on 22 May 2019, while the National Council of Provinces reconvened on the following day, 23 May 2019.[135]

On 22 May 2019, the National Assembly reconvened, Chief Justice Mogoeng presided over the swearing-in of MPs and the election of the Speaker of the National Assembly. Former NCOP Chairperson Thandi Modise of the African National Congress (ANC) was elected Speaker. Modise defeated the Democratic Alliance's candidate Richard Majola, by a margin of 250 votes to only 83 votes for Majola. Modise presided over the Deputy Speaker’s election. Incumbent Deputy Speaker Solomon Lechesa Tsenoli of the ANC was re-elected unopposed. The Chief Justice then presided over the election of the President. Incumbent President Cyril Ramaphosa of the ANC was re-elected unopposed. After the election, Ramaphosa immediately ceased to be a Member of Parliament.[136][137][138]

The first sitting of the National Council of Provinces was held on 23 May 2019. Permanent delegates were sworn in and a Chairperson, Deputy Chairperson, House Chairpersons and Chief Whip were elected. Former Mayor of Johannesburg Amos Masondo was elected Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces, while former Northern Cape Premier Sylvia Lucas was elected Deputy Chairperson. ANC Chief Whip Seiso Mohai was re-elected.[139][140]

Presidential inauguration and government formation

The official presidential inauguration took place on 25 May 2019. Chief Justice Mogoeng Mogoeng swore President-elect Cyril Ramaphosa in for his full-term as Executive President. The inauguration was the first to be held at the Loftus Versfeld Stadium in Pretoria, and not at the Union Buildings. The Union Buildings had been the official venue of the presidential inauguration since the country's first democratically elected president, Nelson Mandela, took the oath of office in 1994.[141][142][143]

Shortly after, on 29 May 2019, Ramaphosa announced his new cabinet.[144] The restructured cabinet has been reduced from 36 to only 28 ministries and includes former Gauteng Finance MEC Barbara Creecy, Good Party Leader Patricia de Lille and former Mayor of Johannesburg Parks Tau.[145] Fourteen ministers were not reappointed to this cabinet. Notable outgoing ministers included Jeff Radebe, Bathabile Dlamini, Nomaindia Mfeketo and Tokozile Xasa. The newly appointed ministers were officially sworn in on 30 May 2019.[146] In the following days, multiple former ministers resigned their seats in the National Assembly.[147][148][149]

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