National Assembly of South Africa

The National Assembly seats are allocated using a proportional representation system with closed lists. Seats are first allocated according to the (integer part of the) Droop quota. Thereafter at most five seats are allocated using the largest remainder method (using the Droop quota). Any additional seats are allocated amongst the parties who then already have seats using the highest averages method.

Voters have one vote at elections to the National Assembly. Seats are allocated in ten multi-member constituencies via party lists. One constituency is a national or 'at large' constituency and nine others represent each of the nine provinces. The lists were called the national lists and regional lists in the 2009 election. 'Regional' was used to avoid confusion with the provincial legislature elections held at the same time. Previously they were called 'National to National' and 'Provincial to National'.

Of the 400 members of the National Assembly, half are assigned to be elected from national lists and the remaining half are assigned to be elected from regional lists. Every election, the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) determines the allocation of the 200 regional list seats to each province by population.

Parties decide whether they want to set up both national and regional lists or only regional lists. In the 2009 election, the Democratic Alliance (DA) chose not to use a national list. The nationwide votes entitled the DA to 67 seats, but the provincial votes amounted to only 35 seats. While normally the remaining 32 members would be drawn from the party's national list, in this case the remaining seats were distributed among the other DA regional list candidates. This resulted in the National Assembly being made up of 168 members elected on national lists and 232 members elected on regional lists.

The National Assembly was first elected in South Africa's first non-racial election in 1994 with the African National Congress (ANC) winning 252 of the 400 seats. The National Party (NP), the previous governing party, won 82 seats, and the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) won 43. Under the terms of the Interim Constitution this result entitled the NP and the IFP to take part in the Government of National Unity alongside the ANC, and gave the ANC and NP the right to each nominated one Deputy President. The other parties represented in the assembly were the Freedom Front (9 seats), the Democratic Party (7 seats), the Pan Africanist Congress (5 seats), and the African Christian Democratic Party (2 seats).

In the election of 1999, the ANC won 266 seats, one short of the two-thirds majority needed to unilaterally amend the constitution. The DP expanded its representation to become the official opposition with 38 seats, while the IFP won 34. The NP, now renamed the New National Party (NNP), dropped to 28 seats, and the newly formed United Democratic Movement (UDM) won 14. Eight smaller parties also obtained seats in the assembly.

In the election of 2004 the ANC obtained 279 seats, gaining a two-thirds majority and the ability to change the constitution. The DP became the Democratic Alliance (DA) and remained the official opposition with 50 seats, while the IFP won 28 seats. The NNP was severely weakened, obtaining only 7 seats; the party was formally disbanded in 2005 with the majority of the party joining the ANC.

In the election of 2009 the ANC lost its two-thirds majority but remained the majority party with 264 seats. The DA increased its support to 67 seats, and the new Congress of the People (COPE) party, a breakaway from the ANC, obtained 30 seats. The IFP was reduced to 18 seats.

In the election of 2014 the ANC lost further seats, but remained the majority party with 249 seats. The DA increased its support to 89 seats, while the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), a far-left breakaway from the ANC, obtained 25 seats. The IFP further reduced to 10 seats while COPE's influence was strongly reduced, only electing three MPs.

In the election of 2019 the ANC lost even more seats, but remained the majority party with a seat total of 230 seats. The Official Opposition DA declined from 89 seats to 84 seats. The EFF increased its seat total to 44 seats. The IFP managed to arrest the decline in its support and obtained 14 seats. The Freedom Front Plus (FF+) grew to 10 seats, a gain of 6 seats. Nine other parties obtained seats.

The following table shows the party composition of the National Assembly over time:

The last election was held on 8 May 2019.

Party			Votes	%	+/−	Seats	+/−
list		African National Congress	10,026,475	57.50	4.65	230	19
list		Democratic Alliance	3,621,188	20.77	1.36	84	5
list		Economic Freedom Fighters	1,881,521	10.79	4.44	44	19
list		Inkatha Freedom Party	588,839	3.38	0.98	14	4
list		Freedom Front Plus	414,864	2.38	1.48	10	6
list		African Christian Democratic Party	146,262	0.84	0.27	4	1
list		United Democratic Movement	78,030	0.45	0.55	2	2
list		African Transformation Movement	76,830	0.44	New	2	New
list		Good	70,408	0.40	New	2	New
list		National Freedom Party	61,220	0.35	1.22	2	4
list		African Independent Congress	48,107	0.28	0.25	2	1
list		Congress of the People	47,461	0.27	0.40	2	1
list		Pan Africanist Congress	32,677	0.18	0.02	1	0
list		Al Jama-ah	31,468	0.18	0.04	1	1
list		African Security Congress	26,263	0.15	New	0	New
list		Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party	24,439	0.14	New	0	New
list		Black First Land First	19,796	0.11	New	0	New
list		African People's Convention	19,593	0.11	0.06	0	1
list		Afrikan Alliance of Social Democrats	18,834	0.11	New	0	New
list		Capitalist Party of South Africa	15,915	0.09	New	0	New
list		Alliance for Transformation for All	14,266	0.08	New	0	New
list		Agang SA	13,856	0.08	0.20	0	2
list		Azanian People's Organisation	12,823	0.07	0.04	0	0
list		Independent Civic Organisation	12,386	0.07	0.01	0	0
list		Minority Front	11,961	0.07	0.05	0	0
list		Democratic Liberal Congress	10,767	0.06	New	0	New
list		Better Residents Association	9,179	0.05	0.03	0	0
list		Forum for Service Delivery	8,525	0.05	New	0	New
list		Front National	7,144	0.04	0.01	0	0
list		Land Party	7,074	0.04	New	0	New
list		African Covenant	7,019	0.04	New	0	New
list		Patriotic Alliance	6,660	0.04	0.03	0	0
list		African Democratic Change	6,499	0.04	New	0	New
list		Economic Emancipation Forum	6,319	0.04	New	0	New
list		Women Forward	6,108	0.04	New	0	New
list		Christian Political Movement	4,980	0.03	New	0	New
list		African Content Movement	4,841	0.03	New	0	New
list		International Revelation Congress	4,247	0.02	New	0	New
list		National People’s Front	4,019	0.02	New	0	New
list		African Renaissance Unity Party	3,860	0.02	New	0	New
list		African Congress of Democrats	3,768	0.02	New	0	New
list		South African National Congress of Traditional Authorities	3,714	0.02	New	0	New
list		Compatriots of South Africa	3,406	0.02	New	0	New
list		People’s Revolutionary Movement	2,844	0.02	New	0	New
list		Power of Africans Unity	2,685	0.02	New	0	New
list		Free Democrats	2,580	0.01	New	0	New
list		South African Maintenance and Estate Beneficiaries Association	2,445	0.01	New	0	New
list		National People’s Ambassadors	1,979	0.01	New	0	New
Total			17,436,144	100.00		400
Valid votes			17,436,144	98.67
Spoilt votes			235,472	1.33
Total votes cast			17,671,616	100.00
Registered voters/turnout			26,779,025	65.99
Source: IEC

• Parliament of South Africa
  • National Assembly