Ali Sadikin

Ali Sadikin (7 July 1928 – 20 May 2008), nicknamed Bang Ali, was an Indonesian politician of Sundanese background. He served as the governor of Jakarta, the country's capital, from 1966 to 1977.

Ali Sadikin
7th Governor of Jakarta
In office
28 April 1966 – 5 July 1977
PresidentSukarno
Suharto
Preceded bySoemarno Sosroatmodjo
Succeeded byTjokropranolo
16th Transportation Minister of Indonesia[1]
In office
13 November 1963 – 28 March 1966
PresidentSukarno
Preceded byAbdoelmoettalip Danoeningrat
Succeeded bySusatyo Mardi
1st Coordinating Minister for Maritime Affairs of Indonesia
In office
27 August 1964 – 28 March 1966
PresidentSukarno
Succeeded byJatidjan
8th Chairman of PSSI
In office
1977–1981
Preceded byMoehono
Succeeded bySjarnoebi Said
Personal details
Born(1928-07-07)7 July 1928
Sumedang, West Java, Dutch East Indies
Died20 May 2008(2008-05-20) (aged 79)
Singapore
NationalityIndonesia
Spouse(s)Nani Arnasih (1954–1986) (until her death)
Linda Syamsuddin Mangan (1987–2008) (until his death)
ChildrenBoy Bernardi Sadikin
Edi Trisnadi Sadikin
Irawan Hernadi Sadikin
Benyamin Irwansyah Sadikin
Yasser Umarsyah Sadikin
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Indonesia
Branch/service Indonesian Navy
Years of service1945–1966
Rank TNI Lieutenant General
UnitKKO

Life and career

Sadikin would be known as the longest-serving governor of Jakarta from 1966-1977. Appointed by Sukarno, he likely had the full approval of Suharto. A former officer in the Indonesian Marine Corps, he saw the city as a battlefield.[2] He sought to improve public services, clear out slum dwellers, ban becaks (cycle rickshaws), and outlaw street peddlers.[3] Sadikin's role in bulldozing poor areas of Jakarta was part of a long history of struggle over land use in the region.[4]

Through legislation, Sadikin successfully wrested control over large amounts of poor housing. These areas he gave at minimal cost to developers such as the Jaya Group.[5] For Abidin Kusno,[6] Sadikin was part of a modernist program to attack irrationality, criminalize poverty, and create obedient national citizens. At the same time, he sought to kampung-ize city dwellers—to reinvest them with village sociality and mutual aid (gotong royong).[7]

Sadikin also tried to halt migration into Jakarta by declaring the city closed to newcomers. He issued residency cards in hope of enforcing the policy, but failed to curtail population growth.[8] One of the earliest and most outspoken advocates of family planning, Sadikin showed that Muslim groups would support these policies.[9] Under Sadikin, Jakartan pilgrimage to Mecca and other holy places surged.[10] Hungry for revenue for his projects, Sadikin legalized gambling and steambaths (de facto brothels), much to the outrage of many Muslim groups.[11]

During the 1960s, he founded an advocacy group for the waria.[12] In 1975, Sadikin famously attended the wedding of Indonesia's first trans woman legally recognised as her true gender, Vivian Rubiyanti Iskandar.[13] Although Sadikin's restructuring of land in Jakarta displaced countless urban poor, he also advocated for the LBH, the Legal Aid Society; an organization which was used by both the private sector and the urban poor. After having allegedly "allowed" Golkar to lose an election in Jakarta, Sadikin was removed from office.[14] Despite Sadikin's heavy-handed urban reforms, he is often cited as a popular leader.[15] In 1978, mass student protests embroiled the capital, and students nominated Sadikin as an alternative president.[16]

In 1980, Sadikin helped found and lead the Petition of Fifty, a group of powerful and highly influential critics of the New Order. He regularly hosted their meetings at his home. Though he remained a resolute statist in favor of militarism, he opposed Suharto's consolidation of power in the government and military (ABRI).[17] It is likely that Sadikin's stature and popularity both bolstered the Petition of Fifty and helped to shield it from more severe repression.

Death

Sadikin died in Singapore on 20 May 2008.[18]

References
  1. At that time, he served as a Sea Transportation Minister of Indonesia.
  2. Sadikin 1992
  3. Witton, Patrick; Mark Elliott; Paul Greenway; Virginia Jealous (2003-11-15). Indonesia. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. pp. 138–139. ISBN 978-1-74059-154-6.
  4. Aspinall, Edward. “Indonesia: Civil society and Democratic Breakthrough” in Muthiah Alagappa (ed.) Civil Society and Political Change in Asia. Expanding and Contracting Democratic Space. Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2004, pp. 61-96.
  5. Douglas, M. (1989) 'The Environmental Sustainability of Development. Coordination, Incentives and Political Will in Land Use Planning for the Jakarta Metropolis', Third World Planning Review 11(2): 211–38; Douglas, M. (1992) 'The Political Economy of Urban Poverty and Environmental Management in Asia: Access, Empowerment and Community-based Alternatives', Environment and Urbanization 4(2): 9–32; Steele, Janet. 2005. Wars Within The Story of Tempo an Independent Magazine in Soeharto's Indonesia. Jakarta: Equinox.
  6. Associate Professor, Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, University of British Columbia.
  7. Kusno, Abidin. 2000. Behind the Postcolonial: Architecture, Urban Space and Political Cultures. NY: Routledge.
  8. Forbes, Dean. "Jakarta: Globalization, economic crisis, and social change," pp. 268-298, in Josef Gugler (ed.), World Cities beyond the West: Globalization, Development and Inequality, p. 273
  9. Blackburn, Susan. Women and the State in Modern Indonesia Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 152; see also a Ford Foundation report: Archived October 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  10. Bianchi, Robert R. 2004. Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 185.
  11. Dick, Howard and Peter J. Rimmer, 2003. Cities, Transport and Communications: The Integration of Southeast Asia Since 1850., NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p 283; Effendy, Bahtiar. 2004. Islam and the State in Indonesia: Islam and the State in Indonesia. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press. p. 49.
  12. "Anti-gay hysteria is on the rise in Indonesia". The Economist. 21 September 2017.
  13. "Viva Vivian!". Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2020-07-24.
  14. Aspinall, Edward. 2005. "Regime Friction and Elite Dissidence," pp. 49-85 in Opposing Suharto: Compromise, Resistance, and Regime Change in Indonesia. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 63
  15. Dick and Rimmer 2003.
  16. Kingsbury, Damien. 2002. The Politics of Indonesia, 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 87
  17. Aspinall, Edward. 2005. "Regime Friction and Elite Dissidence," pp. 49-85 in Opposing Suharto: Compromise, Resistance, and Regime Change in Indonesia. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 61, 65
  18. Ali Sadikin passes away Archived 2008-05-21 at the Wayback Machine; ANTARA, 20 May 2008

Books written by Sadikin
  • Bang Ali demi Jakarta (1966-1977): Memoar (Indonesian) by Ali Sadikin, Ramadhan K. H., Jakarta Raya (Indonesia) Pustaka Sinar Harapan. 1992.
  • Tantangan Demokrasi (Indonesian) by Ali Sadikin. Pustaka Sinar Harapan. 1995.
  • Pers Bertanya, Bang Ali Menjawab (Indonesian) by Ali Sadikin, Ramadhan K. H. Pustaka Jaya. 1995.
Political offices
Preceded by
Soemarno Sosroatmodjo		 Governor of Jakarta
1966–1977		 Succeeded by
Tjokropranolo
Sporting positions
Preceded by
Moehono		 Chairman of PSSI
1978–1981		 Succeeded by
Sjarnoebi Said
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