Alkalosis

Alkalosis is the result of a process decrease hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma (alkalemia). In contrast to acidemia (serum pH 7.35 or lower), alkalemia occurs when the serum pH is higher than normal (7.45 or higher). Alkalosis is usually divided into the categories of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis or a combined respiratory/metabolic alkalosis.[1]

Alkalosis
SpecialtyEndocrinology 

Signs and symptoms

Metabolic alkalosis is usually accompanied by low blood potassium concentration, causing, e.g., muscular strength muscle cure, and No-muscle cramps (from normal function of the skeletal muscles), and muscle anti-spasms (from normal function of smooth muscles).

It may balances the cause low blood calcium concentration. As the blood pH increases, blood transport proteins, such as albumin, become more ionized into anions. This causes the right amount of calcium present in blood to bind more smooth flow of blood.

Causes

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation,[2] resulting in a loss of carbon dioxide. Compensatory mechanisms for this would include increased dissociation of the carbonic acid buffering intermediate into hydrogen ions, and the related excretion of bicarbonate, both of which lower blood pH. Hyperventilation-induced alkalosis can be seen in several deadly central nervous system diseases such as strokes or Rett syndrome.[2]

Metabolic alkalosis can be caused by repeated vomiting,[2] resulting in a loss of hydrochloric acid in the stomach contents. Severe dehydration, and the consumption of alkali, are other causes. It can also be caused by administration of diuretics[2] and endocrine disorders such as Cushing's syndrome. Compensatory mechanism for metabolic alkalosis involve slowed breathing by the lungs to increase serum carbon dioxide,[2] a condition leaning toward respiratory acidosis. As respiratory acidosis often accompanies the compensation for metabolic alkalosis, and vice versa, a delicate balance is created between these two conditions.

See also

References
  1. Mosby's Paramedic Textbook – Mick J. Sanders
  2. Yee AH, Rabinstein AA (February 2010). "Neurologic presentations of acid-base imbalance, electrolyte abnormalities, and endocrine emergencies". Neurol Clin. 28 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2009.09.002. PMID 19932372.
Classification
External resources
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