Alta, Norway

Alta (Northern Sami: Áltá;[3] Kven: Alattio; Finnish: Alattio) is the most populated municipality in Finnmark in Troms og Finnmark county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Alta. Some of the main villages in the municipality include Kåfjord, Komagfjord, Kvenvik, Langfjordbotn, Leirbotn, Rafsbotn, Talvik, and Tverrelvdalen.

This article is about the municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. For other uses, see Alta (disambiguation).
Alta kommune

Álttá gielda  (Northern Sami)
Alattion komuuni  (Kven)
Municipality
View of housing in Alta
Flag
Coat of arms
Troms og Finnmark within
Norway
Alta within Troms og Finnmark
Coordinates: 69°58′36″N 23°17′45″E
CountryNorway
CountyTroms og Finnmark
DistrictVest-Finnmark
Established1 Jan 1863
Administrative centreAlta
Government
 • Mayor (2015)Monica Nielsen (Ap)
Area
 • Total3,849.47 km2 (1,486.29 sq mi)
 • Land3,652.76 km2 (1,410.34 sq mi)
 • Water196.71 km2 (75.95 sq mi)  5.1%
Area rank7 in Norway
Population
 (2020)
 • Total20,789 ()
 • Rank60 in Norway
 • Density5.7/km2 (15/sq mi)
 • Change (10 years)
11.3%
Demonym(s)Altaværing[1]
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-5403
Official language formBokmål[2]
Websitewww.alta.kommune.no
Data from Statistics Norway

The 3,849-square-kilometre (1,486 sq mi) municipality is the 7th largest municipality by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Alta is the 60th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 20,789. The municipality's population density is 5.7 inhabitants per square kilometre (15/sq mi) and its population has increased by 11.3% over the last decade.[4][5]

General information
Alta Sentrum
Alta River
Alta Airport

The municipality of Alten-Talvig was established on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). On 1 January 1863, the municipality was divided into two: Talvik to the north (population: 1,938) and Alta to the south (population: 2,442). On 1 January 1964, the two municipalities were merged back together to form the new, larger municipality of Alta. Prior to the merger, Alta had 6,629 residents and Talvik had 3,266 residents. The borders have not changed since that time.[6]

On 1 January 2020, the municipality became part of the newly formed Troms og Finnmark county. Previously, it had been part of the old Finnmark county.[7]

Name

The municipality is probably named after the local Altafjorden. The name possibly comes from the Old Norse (ǫlpt or alpt) which refers to a swan or it is a Norwegianization of the Finnish word (alaattia) which refers to a "lowland". Prior to 1918, the name was written Alten.[8][9]

Coat of arms

The coat of arms is from modern times; they were granted on 9 July 1976. The arms show a white arrow point on a blue background. The arrow is derived from the findings of quartzite arrow points dating back to the late Stone Age and found in the area. The quartzite was quarried in the municipality and tools made from it were used all over Northern Norway.[10]

Churches

The Church of Norway has two parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Alta. It is part of the Alta prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Nord-Hålogaland.

Churches in Alta
Parish (Sokn)Church NameLocation of the ChurchYear Built
AltaAlta ChurchAlta1858
Elvebakken ChurchAlta1964
Kåfjord ChurchKåfjord1837
Northern Lights CathedralAlta2013
Rafsbotn ChapelRafsbotn1989
TalvikKomagfjord ChurchKomagfjord1960
Langfjord ChurchLangfjordbotn1891
Leirbotn ChurchLeirbotn1993
Talvik ChurchTalvik1883

History

The rock carvings at Alta, located near the Jiepmaluokta bay, dating from c. 4200 BC to 500 BC, are on the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. The Komsa culture was named after the Komsa mountain in Alta municipality, where the first archeological remains of this culture were discovered.

In the aftermath of the Sami Kautokeino rebellion of 1852, rebel leaders Mons Aslaksen Somby and Aslak Jacobsen Hætta were decapitated at Elvebakken in what is now the town of Alta on 14 October 1854.

Their bodies were buried in graves just outside the Kåfjord Church graveyard in the village of Kåfjord in Alta, but their heads were sent on to the Anatomisk Institute at the Kong Medical Frederiks University in Oslo, where they were kept for more than a century as part of the university's skull collections. The two skulls were only relinquished by the university in 1985, following a controversy and protests by Sami activists, and were in November 1997 buried at the Kåfjord Church in Alta, at the same spot as their bodies were buried over 140 years earlier.

During World War II, the German battleship Tirpitz used the Kåfjorden, an arm of Altafjorden, as a harbour, and was damaged here by attacking Allied warplanes. The town Alta was seriously destroyed by fire near the end of the World War II. It was rebuilt in subsequent years.

The Altasaken in 1979 made headlines for weeks, as many people (especially Sami people and environmentalists) demonstrated and used civil disobedience to prevent the building of a dam on the river Altaelva in order to produce hydropower. The dam was built, however, and the river still offers good salmon fishing. The King of Norway usually visits the river once in the summer to fish.

The urban area made up of Bossekop, Elvebakken, and Bukta, also known collectively now as the town of Alta, became a town on 1 January 2000. The population has been growing steadily for many years.

Government

All municipalities in Norway, including Alta, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elect a mayor.[11] The municipality falls under the Alta District Court and the Hålogaland Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Alta is made up of 35 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the council is as follows:

Alta Kommunestyre 2020–2023 [12]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)9
 Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)7
 Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne)1
 Conservative Party (Høyre)3
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Red Party (Rødt)2
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)5
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)4
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:35
Alta Kommunestyre 2016–2019 [13]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)11
 Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)7
 Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne)1
 Conservative Party (Høyre)4
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)2
 Coastal Party (Kystpartiet)2
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)1
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)3
 Liberal Party (Venstre)4
Total number of members:35
Alta Kommunestyre 2012–2015 [14]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)10
 Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)4
 Conservative Party (Høyre)10
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Coastal Party (Kystpartiet)4
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)3
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:35
Alta Kommunestyre 2008–2011 [13]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)15
 Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)8
 Conservative Party (Høyre)2
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)2
 Coastal Party (Kystpartiet)1
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)1
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)4
 Liberal Party (Venstre)2
Total number of members:35
Alta Kommunestyre 2004–2007 [13]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)14
 Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)5
 Conservative Party (Høyre)3
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)2
 Coastal Party (Kystpartiet)1
 Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse)1
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)2
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)6
 Liberal Party (Venstre)1
Total number of members:35
Alta Kommunestyre 2000–2003 [13]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)13
 Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)4
 Conservative Party (Høyre)5
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)3
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)1
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)4
 Liberal Party (Venstre)2
 Joint list of the Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse)
and the Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)		1
 Local Democratic List (Lokaldemokratisk liste)2
Total number of members:35
Alta Kommunestyre 1996–1999 [15]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)19
 Conservative Party (Høyre)5
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)5
 Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse)3
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)4
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)6
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:45
Alta Kommunestyre 1992–1995 [16]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)18
 Conservative Party (Høyre)7
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)3
 Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse)2
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)4
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)8
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:45
Alta Kommunestyre 1988–1991 [17]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)26
 Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)2
 Conservative Party (Høyre)5
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)1
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)3
 Red Electoral Alliance (Rød Valgallianse)1
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)1
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)3
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:45
Alta Kommunestyre 1984–1987 [18]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)21
 Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet)1
 Conservative Party (Høyre)8
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)2
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)4
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)1
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)3
 Liberal Party (Venstre)4
 Local list for Western Alta (Kretsliste for Vestre Alta)1
Total number of members:45
Alta Kommunestyre 1980–1983 [19]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)16
 Conservative Party (Høyre)9
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)3
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)5
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)2
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)3
 Liberal Party (Venstre)7
Total number of members:45
Alta Kommunestyre 1976–1979 [20]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)18
 Conservative Party (Høyre)5
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)6
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)4
 Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti)8
 Liberal Party (Venstre)4
Total number of members:45
Alta Kommunestyre 1972–1975 [21]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)19
 Conservative Party (Høyre)4
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)4
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)2
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
 Local List(s) (Lokale lister)3
 Socialist common list
 (Venstresosialistiske felleslister)		10
Total number of members:45
Alta Kommunestyre 1968–1971 [22]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)24
 Conservative Party (Høyre)4
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)6
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)3
 Centre Party (Senterpartiet)2
 Socialist People's Party (Sosialistisk Folkeparti)3
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:45
Alta Kommunestyre 1964–1967 [23]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)24
 Conservative Party (Høyre)6
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)8
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)4
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:45
Alta Herredsstyre 1960–1963 [24]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)14
 Conservative Party (Høyre)3
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)11
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:31
Alta Herredsstyre 1956–1959 [25]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)14
 Conservative Party (Høyre)4
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)10
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
Total number of members:31
Alta Herredsstyre 1952–1955 [26]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)8
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)8
 Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister)4
Total number of members:20
Alta Herredsstyre 1948–1951 [27]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)7
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)8
 Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti)1
 Joint List(s) of Non-Socialist Parties (Borgerlige Felleslister)4
Total number of members:20
Alta Herredsstyre 1945–1947 [28]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)6
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)11
 Local List(s) (Lokale lister)3
Total number of members:20
Alta Herredsstyre 1938–1941* [29]  
Party Name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
 Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet)6
 Communist Party (Kommunistiske Parti)6
 Liberal Party (Venstre)3
 Joint list of the Conservative Party (Høyre)
and the Free-minded People's Party (Frisinnede Folkeparti)		4
 List of workers, fishermen, and small farmholders
(Arbeidere, fiskere, småbrukere liste)		1
Total number of members:20

Geography

Alta is the second northernmost city in the world surpassing 10,000 inhabitants. Alta municipality covers 3,845 square kilometres (1,485 square miles), in the west of the county, mostly situated along the Altafjord, taking in large tracts of woodlands, as well as parts of the High Plateau of Finnmarksvidda. On its way from the plateau down to the fjord, the river Altaelva has carved out the Sautso canyon, one of the largest canyons in Europe. The large Altafjorden has several notable bays and fjord arms that branch off from it including Langfjorden, Jiepmaluokta, Kåfjorden, and Lille Kufjorden.

Alta is based on the mainland of Norway, but it also includes parts of the islands of Stjernøya and Seiland. Seiland is the home of Seiland National Park where the Seilandsjøkelen glacier and the mountain Seilandstuva are located.

Several of the notable lakes in Alta include Iešjávri, Juovvajávri, Kovvatnet, and Stuorajávri.

Climate

Most people live in the town of Alta, stretching along the inner part of the fjord, enjoying a sheltered subarctic climate (Dfc), where daily mean temperatures are above 10 degrees Celsius for only 3 months of the year. Daytime mid-summer temperatures are often comparable to coastal southern parts of Norway, and lowland areas in Alta are mostly sheltered from the winter storms. The mean annual temperature is 1.3 °C (34.3 °F) (1961–90) and the Alta valley does not have permafrost but is dominated by closed-canopy forest of birch and pine. Precipitation is low, with a yearly average precipitation of only 420 millimetres (16.5 in).[30] The frequent clear skies are the reason why Alta early was chosen as an excellent location for studying the aurora borealis. The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 18 May to 27 July, lasting a bit longer than the polar night from 26 November to 16 January. Due to Alta's geography, travelling directly inland to its south to the municipality of Kautokeino the weather is usually colder in spite of the lower latitude because of Alta's strong Gulf Stream moderation and low elevation.

Climate data for Alta, Finnmark (1981–2010, extremes 1874-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 9.9
(49.8)		 11.5
(52.7)		 10.5
(50.9)		 15.6
(60.1)		 25.2
(77.4)		 30.8
(87.4)		 33.0
(91.4)		 31.8
(89.2)		 24.0
(75.2)		 17.4
(63.3)		 12.1
(53.8)		 10.8
(51.4)		 33.0
(91.4)
Average high °C (°F) −3.7
(25.3)		 −3.6
(25.5)		 −0.9
(30.4)		 3.3
(37.9)		 8.2
(46.8)		 13.6
(56.5)		 17.3
(63.1)		 15.7
(60.3)		 10.8
(51.4)		 4.8
(40.6)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 5.2
(41.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −7.3
(18.9)		 −7.1
(19.2)		 −4.4
(24.1)		 0.0
(32.0)		 5.1
(41.2)		 10.4
(50.7)		 14.0
(57.2)		 12.5
(54.5)		 7.9
(46.2)		 2.3
(36.1)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 −6.0
(21.2)		 2.1
(35.8)
Average low °C (°F) −10.9
(12.4)		 −10.6
(12.9)		 −7.8
(18.0)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 2.1
(35.8)		 7.2
(45.0)		 10.7
(51.3)		 9.2
(48.6)		 4.9
(40.8)		 −0.2
(31.6)		 −6.4
(20.5)		 −9.4
(15.1)		 −1.2
(29.8)
Record low °C (°F) −34.0
(−29.2)		 −30.5
(−22.9)		 −28.5
(−19.3)		 −21.7
(−7.1)		 −16.4
(2.5)		 −3.8
(25.2)		 0.2
(32.4)		 −2.1
(28.2)		 −8.5
(16.7)		 −20.4
(−4.7)		 −33.0
(−27.4)		 −31.3
(−24.3)		 −34.0
(−29.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38.7
(1.52)		 28.0
(1.10)		 22.7
(0.89)		 22.0
(0.87)		 24.2
(0.95)		 32.1
(1.26)		 49.7
(1.96)		 43.7
(1.72)		 36.1
(1.42)		 42.4
(1.67)		 33.0
(1.30)		 41.9
(1.65)		 413.9
(16.30)
Average precipitation days 9.6 7.7 6.5 6.4 5.8 6.3 8.3 8.0 8.5 9.6 8.4 10.1 95.2
Source: [31][32]

Transportation

Alta is a transportation center in Finnmark. Alta Airport served 334,132 passengers in 2009. There are direct flights to Oslo, Tromsø, Vadsø, and Kirkenes. The town of Alta also has port facilities in the town center, and European route E6 passes through Alta. The distance to southern Scandinavia is considerably shorter over European route E45 and northern Finland.

Economy

Main activities in Alta include trading, small industry, education, and public service. The town is also famous for its slate industry. Finnmark University College (Norwegian: Høgskolen i Finnmark) is situated in Alta, and there is also a research institution (Norut NIBR Finnmark). The town has the northernmost ice hotel in Europe.

Sports

Alta is home to the football club Alta IF. Cross-country skiing is very popular. Alta also has clubs for handball, track and field, alpine skiing, ice skating, taekwondo, and judo.

The bicycle race Finnmark Offroad, with 700- and 300-kilometer long courses, starts and ends in Alta (as of 2014).[33]

Alta is the starting point for the Finnmarksløpet, a 500- and 1000- kilometer sled dog race—The longest sled dog race in Europe.[34]

Notable residents
Henny Moan, 1958
Laila Davidsen, 2017
Tore Reginiussen, 2017
  • Henry Woodfall Crowe (1832 in Kåfjord–1865) British-Norwegian interpreter, translator and author
  • Karl Akre (1840 in Alta – 1912) a Norwegian educator and politician
  • Gustav Lund (1862 in Talvik – 1912) a Sámi travelling preacher, known as the sled preacher
  • Egil Rasmussen (1903 in Bossekop – 1964) a Norwegian author, literature critic and pianist
  • Kirsten Osen (born 1928 in Alta) a Norwegian anatomist, otologist and academic
  • Johan Kjelsberg (1931 in Alta – 2012) a Norwegian stage actor [35]
  • Henny Moan (born 1936 in Talvik) a Norwegian stage and cinema actress [36]
  • Einar M. Bull (born 1942 in Alta) a Norwegian diplomat
  • Tove Bull (born 1945 in Alta) a Norwegian linguist and academic
  • Mikkel Gaup (born 1968 in Alta) a Sámi Norwegian film and stage actor [37]
  • Laila Davidsen (born 1974 in Alta) a Norwegian politician, Mayor of Alta 2011 to 2015
  • Inger Elin Utsi (born 1975) a Norwegian-Sami politician and actor, lives in Alta
  • Tommy Wirkola (born 1979 in Alta) a Norwegian film director, producer and screenwriter of Finnish heritage [38]

Sport

Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway

Alta is twinned with:[39]

See also

References
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