Banksia ornata

Banksia ornata, commonly known as desert banksia,[2] is a species of shrub that is endemic to south-eastern continental Australia. The Ngarrindjeri people of the Lower Murray region in South Australia know it as yelakut.[3] It has thin bark, serrated, narrow egg-shaped leaves with the lower end towards the base, cream-coloured flowers in a cylindrical spike, and later, up to fifty follicles in each spike, surrounded by the remains of the flowers.

Desert banksia
Banksia ornata in Mount Annan Botanic Garden.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Species:
B. ornata
Binomial name
Banksia ornata
Synonyms[1]
Habit in Little Desert National Park

Description

Banksia ornata is a shrub that typically grows to a height of about 3 m (9.8 ft) but does not form a lignotuber. It has thin grey bark and stems that are hairy at first, later glabrous. The leaves are narrow egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, or wedge-shaped, 30–100 mm (1.2–3.9 in) long and 4–25 mm (0.16–0.98 in) wide on a petiole 5–10 mm (0.20–0.39 in) long. The flowers are cream-coloured and arranged in a broadly cylindrical spike 50–110 mm (2.0–4.3 in) long and 70–80 mm (2.8–3.1 in) wide when the flowers open. There are hairy involucral bracts at the base of the spike but they fall off before the flowers open. The perianth is 30–35 mm (1.2–1.4 in) long and the pistil 35–38 mm (1.4–1.5 in) long and slightly curved. Flowering occurs in most months but mainly in winter and spring and there are up to fifty elliptic follicles 15–20 mm (0.59–0.79 in) long and 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) wide in each spike, surrounded by the remains of the old flowers.[2][4][5][6][7]

Taxonomy and naming

Banksia ornata was first formally described in 1854 by Carl Meissner from an unpublished description by Ferdinand von Mueller. The description was published in Linnaea: ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde.[8][9] The specific epithet (ornata) is from the Latin word ornatus meaning "decorated", referring to the flowers and leaves.[4]

Distribution and habitat

Desert banksia is common in western Victoria and in South Australia. In South Australia it is found in the south-east of the state south of Nuriootpa, including on the lower Eyre Peninsula, Kangaroo Island and east of Adelaide. It is confined to the far west of Victoria, mainly between Murrayville and the Grampians. It tends to grow in mallee and heathland environments in sandy, well-drained soils.

Ecology

Nectarivorous birds are attracted to this shrub. Species observed feeding at its flowers include Anthochaera carunculata (red wattlebird), Melithreptus brevirostris (brown-header honeyeater), Melithreptus lunatus (white-naped honeyeater) and Zosterops lateralis (silvereye).[10]

References
  1. "Banksia ornata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  2. Jeanes, Jeff A.; Stajsic, Val. "Banksia ornata". Royal Botanic Gardens, Victoria. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  3. Clarke, P.A. (2003). "Twentieth Century Aboriginal Harvesting Practices in the Rural Landscape of the Lower Murray, South Australia". Records of the South Australian Museum. 36 (1): 83–107.
  4. George, Alex S. (1996). The Banksia Book (3rd ed.). Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. pp. 98–99. ISBN 0-86417-818-2.
  5. George, Alex S. (1999). Flora of Australia (PDF). 17B. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. pp. 199–200. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  6. George, Alex S. (1981). "The Genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Nuytsia. 3 (3): 326–327. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  7. "Banksia ornata". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  8. "Banksia ornata". APNI. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  9. Meissner, Carl (1854). "Plantae Muellerianae: Proteaceae". Linnaea: Ein Journal für die Botanik in ihrem ganzen Umfange, oder Beiträge zur Pflanzenkunde. 26: 352–353. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  10. Barker, R. D.; Vestjens, W. J. M. (1984). The Food of Australian Birds. Melbourne University Press. pp. 2:183, 223, 225, 271, 458. ISBN 0-643-05006-X.
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