Boeing-Stearman Model 75

The Stearman (Boeing) Model 75 is a biplane formerly used as a military trainer aircraft, of which at least 10,626 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s.[1] Stearman Aircraft became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934. Widely known as the Stearman, Boeing Stearman or Kaydet, it served as a primary trainer for the United States Army Air Forces, the United States Navy (as the NS and N2S), and with the Royal Canadian Air Force as the Kaydet throughout World War II. After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civilian market. In the immediate postwar years they became popular as crop dusters, sports planes, and for aerobatic and wing walking use in air shows.

Model 75 (Stearman Kaydet)
Boeing Stearman N67193 in U.S. Navy markings
Role Biplane trainer
Manufacturer Stearman Aircraft / Boeing
Introduction 1934
Number built 10,620+

Design and development

A WAVE in a Boeing Stearman N2S United States Navy training aircraft.
United States Navy N2S-2 at NAS Corpus Christi, 1943.
United States Navy NS-1s of the NAS Pensacola Flight School, 1936.
Boeing Stearman E75 (PT-13D) of 1944.
Vintage Boeing-Stearman Model 75, Breitling SA
Boeing Stearman (PT-13D) of the TALOA in Dirgantara Mandala Museum, Indonesia
Boeing Stearman (PT-13) of the Israeli Air Force.
United States Navy N2S ambulance at NAS Corpus Christi, 1942.
Boeing Stearman PT-17, Museum of Historical Studies Institute of Aerospace in Perú - Lima.
PT-17 "Kaydet" on display at the Museum of Aviation, Robins AFB
Boeing Stearman PT-17 Kaydet - Aeronautics Museum of Maracay

The Kaydet was a conventional biplane of rugged construction with a large, fixed tailwheel undercarriage, and accommodation for the student and instructor in open cockpits in tandem. The radial engine was usually uncowled, although some Stearman operators choose to cowl the engine, most notably the Red Baron Stearman Squadron.

Operational history

Post-war usage

After World War II, thousands of surplus PT-17s were auctioned off to civilians and former military pilots. Many were modified for cropdusting use, with a hopper for pesticide or fertilizer fitted in place of the front cockpit. Additional equipment included pumps, spray bars, and nozzles mounted below the lower wings. A popular approved modification to increase the maximum takeoff weight and climb performance involved fitting a larger Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior engine and a constant-speed propeller.

Variants

Data from:United States Navy aircraft since 1911,[2] Boeing aircraft since 1916[3] The U.S. Army Air Forces Kaydet had three different designations based on its power plant:

PT-13
with a Lycoming R-680 engine. 2,141 total all models.[4]
PT-13 Initial production. R-680-B4B engine. 26 built.
PT-13A R-680-7 engine. 92 delivered 1937–38. Model A-75.
PT-13B R-680-11 engine. 255 delivered 1939–40.
PT-13C Six PT-13Bs modified for instrument flying.
PT-13D PT-13As equipped with the R-680-17 engine. 353 delivered. Model E-75.
PT-17
With a Continental R-670-5 engine. 3,519 delivered
PT-17A 18 PT-17s were equipped with blind-flying instrumentation.
PT-17B Three PT-17s were equipped with agricultural spraying equipment for pest-control.
PT-18
PT-13 with a Jacobs R-755 engine, 150 built.
PT-18A Six PT-18s fitted with blind-flying instrumentation.
PT-27
Canadian PT-17. This designation was given to 300 aircraft supplied under Lend-Lease to the RCAF.

The U.S. Navy had several versions including:

NS
Up to 61 delivered. powered by surplus 220 hp (164 kW) Wright J-5 Whirlwind.[5]
N2S
Known colloquially as the "Yellow Peril" from its overall-yellow paint scheme.
N2S-1 R-670-14 engine. 250 delivered to the U.S. Navy.
N2S-2 R-680-8 engine. 125 delivered to the U.S. Navy.
N2S-3 R-670-4 engine. 1,875 delivered to the U.S. Navy.
N2S-4 99 US Army aircraft diverted to the U.S. Navy, plus 577 new-build aircraft.
N2S-5 R-680-17 engine. 1,450 delivered to the U.S. Navy.
Stearman 70
Original prototype, powered by 215 hp (160 kW) Lycoming radial engine. Temporary designation XPT-943 for evaluation.[6]
Model 73
Initial production version. 61 built for U.S. Navy as NS plus export variants.[5]
Model 73L3
Version for Philippines, powered by 200 hp (150 kW) R-680-4 or R-680C1 engines. Seven built.[7]
Model A73B1
Seven aircraft for Cuban Air Force powered by 235 hp (175 kW) Wright R-790 Whirlwind. Delivered 1939–1940.[7]
Model A73L3
Improved version for Philippines. Three built.[8]
Stearman 75
(a.k.a. X75) Evaluated by the U.S. Army as a primary trainer. The X75L3 became the PT-13 prototype. Variants of the 75 formed the PT-17 family.
Stearman 76
Export trainer and armed versions of the 75.
Stearman 90 and 91
(a.k.a. X90 & X91) Productionized metal frame version, becoming the XBT-17.
Stearman XPT-943
The X70 evaluated at Wright Field.
American Airmotive NA-75
Single-seat agricultural conversion of Model 75, fitted with new, high-lift wings.[9]

Operators

 Argentina
 Bolivia
 Brazil
Brazilian Air Force model A75L3 and 76.[13]
 Canada
Royal Canadian Air Force received 301 PT-27s under Lend Lease.[14]
 Republic of China
Republic of China Air Force received 150 PT-17s under Lend-Lease,[15] and 104 refurbished aircraft post war in Taiwan. The ROCAF used them until 1958.[16]
 Colombia
Colombian Air Force[12]
 Cuba
 Dominican Republic
 Greece
 Guatemala[17]
 Honduras
 Iran
Imperial Iranian Air Force[17]
 Israel
Israeli Air Force purchased 20 PT-17s.[18]
 Mexico
Mexican Air Force[17]
 Nicaragua
Nicaraguan Air Force
 Paraguay
Paraguayan Air Force[12]
 Peru
Peruvian Air Force
 Philippines
Philippine Army Air Corps[13]
Philippine Air Force[17]
 United States
United States Army Air Corps/United States Army Air Forces[13]
United States Marine Corps
United States Navy[13]
 Venezuela
Venezuelan Air Force[13]
 Yugoslavia
Yugoslav Air Force

Surviving aircraft

A considerable number of Stearmans remain in flying condition throughout the world, as the type remains a popular sport plane and warbird.

Argentina
Australia
  • Serial number: 75-8314 airworthy. Owned by Raalin WHEELER, PINJARRA Western Australia 6208

Brazil

Canada
Colombia
  • FAC-62 – PT-17 airworthy.
  • FAC-1995 – PT-17 airworthy.
Iceland
Indonesia
Israel
Mexico
  • PT-17 on display at the Air College.
  • PT-17 on display at the Air College.
  • PT-17 on display at the Air College.
Netherlands
New Zealand
  • 75-647 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-RJS
  • 75-2055 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-BWR
  • 75-2100 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-KJO
  • 75-2724 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-STM
  • 75-3132 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-TGA
  • 75-3655 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-USN
  • 75-4245 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-PJS
  • 75-5064 – PT-13D Registered as ZK-BOE
  • 75-5907 – PT-13D Registered as ZK-XAF
  • 75-8025A – N2S-3 Registered as ZK-USA
Peru
  • PT-17 is on display at the Instituto de Estudios Históricos Aeroespaciales del Perú, Miraflores, Lima.
Spain
  • PT-13 on display at the Fundación Infante de Orleans in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid.[40]
  • PT-17 on display at the Fundación Infante de Orleans in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid.[41]
Switzerland
  • PT-13D (HB-RBG) belonging to the Stearman Club, built in 1943 and restored in 1990 after a crash due to an engine failure, is based at the Fliegermuseum Altenrhein[42]
Taiwan
United States
Boeing-Stearman Kaydet at the Air Zoo
Boeing Stearman at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum

Specifications (PT-17)

Line drawings for the N2S/PT-13

Data from United States Military Aircraft since 1909[87][88]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Length: 24 ft 9 in (7.54 m)
  • Wingspan: 32 ft 2 in (9.80 m)
  • Height: 9 ft 8 in (2.95 m)
  • Wing area: 298 sq ft (27.7 m2)
  • Empty weight: 1,931 lb (876 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 2,635 lb (1,195 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 46 US gal (38 imp gal; 170 l)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Continental R-670-5 7-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 220 hp (160 kW)
  • Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 124 mph (200 km/h, 108 kn)
  • Cruise speed: 96 mph (154 km/h, 83 kn)
  • Service ceiling: 13,200 ft (4,000 m)
  • Time to altitude: 10,000 ft (3,000 m) in 17 minutes 18 seconds
  • Wing loading: 9.9 lb/sq ft (48 kg/m2)

An iconic movie image is a Stearman cropduster chasing Cary Grant across a field in North by Northwest (the airplane that chased Grant was actually a Naval Aircraft Factory N3N Canary; the plane that hits the truck is a Stearman).

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

References

Notes

  1. National Museum of the United States Air Force gives the figure 10,346 but this includes the equivalent airframes in manufactured spare parts.
  2. Bowers, Peter M.; Swanborough, Gordon (1990). United States Navy aircraft since 1911. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. pp. 494–495. ISBN 0870217925.
  3. Bowers, Peter M. (1989). Boeing aircraft since 1916 (3rd ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 251–269. ISBN 978-0870210372.
  4. NMUSAF fact sheet: Stearman PT-13D Kaydet Archived August 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
  5. Bowers 1989, pp. 252–253.
  6. Bowers 1989, pp. 251–252.
  7. Bowers 1989, p. 253.
  8. Bowers 1989, p. 254.
  9. Taylor 1965, p. 178.
  10. Bowers 1989, p. 268.
  11. Núñez Padín, Jorge (2000). "BOEING STEARMAN N2S KAYDET". Fuerzas Navales (in Spanish). Jorge N. Padín. Archived from the original on 2014-05-17. Retrieved 2014-05-16.
  12. Andrade 1979, p. 159
  13. Andrade 1979, p. 158
  14. Bowers 1989, p. 265.
  15. Bowers 1989, p. 262.
  16. Bowers 1989, pp. 260–261.
  17. "Boeing-Stearman Kadyet". Military Factory. 2013-06-20. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
  18. Nordeen 1991, p. 27.
  19. "BOEING STEARMAN A75L3 – Kaydet". Museu Aeroespacial. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  20. "BOEING STEARMAN A76C3". Museu Aeroespacial. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  21. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 0131 ARA, c/n 75-7631, c/r LV-FGD". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  22. "Boeing PT-17 Stearman". Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  23. "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details [C-GVTI]". Transport Canada. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  24. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17456 USAAF, c/n 75-5619, c/r C-GVTI". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  25. "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details [C-GZAL]". Transport Canada. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  26. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 05284 USN, c/n 75-6458, c/r C-GZAL". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  27. "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details [C-FOXU]". Transport Canada. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  28. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13B Kaydet, s/n 5293 USN, c/n 75-6467, c/r C-FOXU". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  29. "Aviation". Reynolds Museum. Government of Alberta. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  30. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-4 Kaydet, s/n 30083 USN, c/n 75-3522, c/r CF-UWK". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  31. "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details [C-GSDK]". Transport Canada. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  32. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 61105 USN, c/n 75-5227, c/r C-GSDK". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  33. "Aircraft Registry Lookup [TF-KAU]". Icelandic Transport Authority. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  34. Magnússon, Guðmundur (25 April 2019). "The oldest airplane in Iceland". mbl.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  35. Marteinsson, Ólafur; Marteinsson, Þorsteinn (23 April 2020). "Stearman, Reykjavík Airfield. March 20, 1943". World War II Crash Sites in Iceland. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  36. "Museum TNI AU Dirgantara Mandala Yogyakarta Indonesia". aviationmuseum.eu. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  37. "MAAM – The Widow's Web – Recovery". maam.org. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  38. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 2752 IDF, c/n 75-5096, c/r 4X-AIK". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  39. https://www.bndestem.nl/roosendaal/historisch-vliegtuigje-van-seppe-naar-schiphol-100-jaar-na-eerste-commerciele-vlucht-klm~abfa329b/
  40. "Boeing Stearman Kaydet – IDA". Infante de Orleans. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  41. "Boeing – Stearman Kaydet". Infante de Orleans. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  42. "Stearman HB-RBG". Fliegermuseum Fahrzeugmuseum Altenrhein. 11 July 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  43. "PT-17教練機". Aviation Education Exhibit Hall. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  44. "Stearman Model 70". Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  45. "Stearman PT-13A Kaydet (A75)". The Museum of Flight. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  46. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13A Kaydet, s/n 37-0099 USAAF, c/n 75-0055, c/r N8FL". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  47. "HISTORY: Boeing PT-17 Stearman". Mississippi State University. Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  48. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-17 Kaydet, s/n 41-7960 USAAF, c/n 75-1519, c/r N53129". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  49. "Stearman PT-17 (Model 75) 'Kaydet'". New England Air Museum. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  50. "BOEING A75N1 (PT-17) STEARMAN KADET". Pima Air & Space Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  51. "BOEING PT-17 TUSKEGEE STEARMAN". Collings Foundation. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  52. "LOANED AIRCRAFT BY LOC" (PDF). National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  53. Hug, Robin (21 March 2012). "New aviation company flying old planes". Windsor Times. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  54. "Boeing PT-17 Kaydet". Vintage Flying Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  55. "PT-17 "Kaydet"". Museum of Aviation Foundation. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  56. "PT-13D Stearman". March Field Air Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  57. "Kaydet". Planes of Fame Air Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  58. "Flying & Static Aircraft". Planes of Fame Air Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  59. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17591 USAAF, c/n 75-5754, c/r N5186N". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  60. "Training aircraft used by Tuskegee Institute". National Museum of African American History & Culture. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  61. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17724 USAAF, c/n 75-5887, c/r N36360". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  62. Edwards, Owen (November 2011). "The Tuskegee Airmen Plane's Last Flight". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
  63. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17763 USAAF, c/n 75-5926, c/r N5279N". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  64. "Stearman PT-13D Kaydet". National Museum of the United States Air Force. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  65. "AIRCRAFT, DRONES AND MISSILES AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE U.S. AIR FORCE" (PDF). National Museum of the United States Air Force. June 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  66. "IMAGE GALLERY". National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  67. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-2 Kaydet, s/n 3558 USN, c/n 75-1335, c/r N61445". Aerial Visuals.
  68. "N2S Kaydet". National Naval Aviation Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  69. "VAC COLLECTION". Valiant Air Command, Inc. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  70. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 7591 USN, c/n 75-7195, c/r N5118N". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  71. "Boeing PT-17 Stearman". Lone Star Flight Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  72. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 07718 USN, c/n 75-7322, c/r N84LK". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  73. "BOEING/STEARMAN PT-17 KAYDET". Carolinas Aviation Museum. 12 February 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  74. "WWII: 1930s-1945". Air Zoo. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  75. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-4 Kaydet, s/n 29981 USN, c/n 75-3412, c/r N2PP {2}". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  76. "Restored Aircraft". Tri-State Warbird Museum. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
  77. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman Kaydet, s/n 38278 USN, c/n 75-7899, c/r N224DF". AerialVisuals.ca. www.AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  78. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 38490 USN, c/n 75-8111, c/r N75272". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  79. "Boeing Stearman N2S / PT-13 / PT-17". Commemorative Air Force Utah Wing. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  80. "Challenge Coin Stearman 75-8291". Commemorative Air Force Utah Wing. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  81. "Boeing-Stearman N2S-5 Kaydet". National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  82. "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 61064 USN, c/n 75-5186". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  83. "Boeing N2S-3 Stearman (Trainer)". Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  84. "2012 Annual Report" (PDF). PacificAviationMuseum.org. Pacific Aviation Museum. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  85. "OUR WORLD WAR TWO AIRCRAFT". Military Aviation Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  86. "Stearman N2S-3". Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  87. Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 443.
  88. "Boeing-Stearman Kaydet". Retrieved 23 May 2019.

.

Bibliography

  • Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909, Midland Counties Publications, 1979, ISBN 0 904597 22 9
  • Avis, Jim and Bowman, Martin. Stearman: A Pictorial History. Motorbooks, 1997. ISBN 0-7603-0479-3.
  • Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft since 1916. London:Putnam, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-804-6.
  • Nordeen, Lon. Fighters Over Israel. London: Guild Publishing, 1991.
  • Phillips, Edward H. Stearman Aircraft: A Detailed History . Specialty Press, 2006. ISBN 1-58007-087-6.
  • Sapienza, Antonio Luis (May 2001). "L'aviation militare paraguayenne durant la seconde guerre mondiale" [Paraguayan Military Aviation During the Second World War]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (98): 30–33. ISSN 1243-8650.
  • Swanborough, F.G. and Peter M. Bowers. United States Military Aircraft since 1909. London: Putnam, 1963.
  • Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965.
  • United States Air Force Museum. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation. 1975.

Videography

  • Stearman, Lloyd. Stearmans, You Gotta Love Them. Lap Records, 2005. (NTSC Format)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.