Boeing-Stearman Model 75
The Stearman (Boeing) Model 75 is a biplane formerly used as a military trainer aircraft, of which at least 10,626 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s.[1] Stearman Aircraft became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934. Widely known as the Stearman, Boeing Stearman or Kaydet, it served as a primary trainer for the United States Army Air Forces, the United States Navy (as the NS and N2S), and with the Royal Canadian Air Force as the Kaydet throughout World War II. After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civilian market. In the immediate postwar years they became popular as crop dusters, sports planes, and for aerobatic and wing walking use in air shows.
| Model 75 (Stearman Kaydet) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Boeing Stearman N67193 in U.S. Navy markings | |
| Role | Biplane trainer |
| Manufacturer | Stearman Aircraft / Boeing |
| Introduction | 1934 |
| Number built | 10,620+ |
Design and development
A WAVE in a Boeing Stearman N2S United States Navy training aircraft.
United States Navy N2S-2 at NAS Corpus Christi, 1943.
United States Navy NS-1s of the NAS Pensacola Flight School, 1936.
Boeing Stearman E75 (PT-13D) of 1944.
Vintage Boeing-Stearman Model 75, Breitling SA
Boeing Stearman (PT-13D) of the TALOA in Dirgantara Mandala Museum, Indonesia
Boeing Stearman (PT-13) of the Israeli Air Force.
United States Navy N2S ambulance at NAS Corpus Christi, 1942.
Boeing Stearman PT-17, Museum of Historical Studies Institute of Aerospace in Perú - Lima.
PT-17 "Kaydet" on display at the Museum of Aviation, Robins AFB
Boeing Stearman PT-17 Kaydet - Aeronautics Museum of Maracay
The Kaydet was a conventional biplane of rugged construction with a large, fixed tailwheel undercarriage, and accommodation for the student and instructor in open cockpits in tandem. The radial engine was usually uncowled, although some Stearman operators choose to cowl the engine, most notably the Red Baron Stearman Squadron.
Operational history
Post-war usage
After World War II, thousands of surplus PT-17s were auctioned off to civilians and former military pilots. Many were modified for cropdusting use, with a hopper for pesticide or fertilizer fitted in place of the front cockpit. Additional equipment included pumps, spray bars, and nozzles mounted below the lower wings. A popular approved modification to increase the maximum takeoff weight and climb performance involved fitting a larger Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior engine and a constant-speed propeller.
Variants
Data from:United States Navy aircraft since 1911,[2] Boeing aircraft since 1916[3] The U.S. Army Air Forces Kaydet had three different designations based on its power plant:
- PT-13
- with a Lycoming R-680 engine. 2,141 total all models.[4]
- PT-13 Initial production. R-680-B4B engine. 26 built.
- PT-13A R-680-7 engine. 92 delivered 1937–38. Model A-75.
- PT-13B R-680-11 engine. 255 delivered 1939–40.
- PT-13C Six PT-13Bs modified for instrument flying.
- PT-13D PT-13As equipped with the R-680-17 engine. 353 delivered. Model E-75.
- PT-17
- With a Continental R-670-5 engine. 3,519 delivered
- PT-17A 18 PT-17s were equipped with blind-flying instrumentation.
- PT-17B Three PT-17s were equipped with agricultural spraying equipment for pest-control.
- PT-18
- PT-13 with a Jacobs R-755 engine, 150 built.
- PT-18A Six PT-18s fitted with blind-flying instrumentation.
- PT-27
- Canadian PT-17. This designation was given to 300 aircraft supplied under Lend-Lease to the RCAF.
The U.S. Navy had several versions including:
- NS
- Up to 61 delivered. powered by surplus 220 hp (164 kW) Wright J-5 Whirlwind.[5]
- N2S
- Known colloquially as the "Yellow Peril" from its overall-yellow paint scheme.
- N2S-1 R-670-14 engine. 250 delivered to the U.S. Navy.
- N2S-2 R-680-8 engine. 125 delivered to the U.S. Navy.
- N2S-3 R-670-4 engine. 1,875 delivered to the U.S. Navy.
- N2S-4 99 US Army aircraft diverted to the U.S. Navy, plus 577 new-build aircraft.
- N2S-5 R-680-17 engine. 1,450 delivered to the U.S. Navy.
- Stearman 70
- Original prototype, powered by 215 hp (160 kW) Lycoming radial engine. Temporary designation XPT-943 for evaluation.[6]
- Model 73
- Initial production version. 61 built for U.S. Navy as NS plus export variants.[5]
- Model 73L3
- Version for Philippines, powered by 200 hp (150 kW) R-680-4 or R-680C1 engines. Seven built.[7]
- Model A73B1
- Seven aircraft for Cuban Air Force powered by 235 hp (175 kW) Wright R-790 Whirlwind. Delivered 1939–1940.[7]
- Model A73L3
- Improved version for Philippines. Three built.[8]
- Stearman 75
- (a.k.a. X75) Evaluated by the U.S. Army as a primary trainer. The X75L3 became the PT-13 prototype. Variants of the 75 formed the PT-17 family.
- Stearman 76
- Export trainer and armed versions of the 75.
- Stearman 90 and 91
- (a.k.a. X90 & X91) Productionized metal frame version, becoming the XBT-17.
- Stearman XPT-943
- The X70 evaluated at Wright Field.
- American Airmotive NA-75
- Single-seat agricultural conversion of Model 75, fitted with new, high-lift wings.[9]
Operators
- Argentine Air Force
- Argentine Navy received 16 Model 76D1s 1936 to 1937[10] and 60 N2S Kaydet post-war; all were retired by the early 1960s[11]
Brazil- Brazilian Air Force model A75L3 and 76.[13]
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Canada- Royal Canadian Air Force received 301 PT-27s under Lend Lease.[14]
Republic of China- Republic of China Air Force received 150 PT-17s under Lend-Lease,[15] and 104 refurbished aircraft post war in Taiwan. The ROCAF used them until 1958.[16]
Colombia- Colombian Air Force[12]
Cuba
Iran- Imperial Iranian Air Force[17]
Israel- Israeli Air Force purchased 20 PT-17s.[18]
Mexico- Mexican Air Force[17]
Nicaragua- Nicaraguan Air Force
Paraguay- Paraguayan Air Force[12]
Peru- Peruvian Air Force
Philippines- Philippine Army Air Corps[13]
- Philippine Air Force[17]
United States- United States Army Air Corps/United States Army Air Forces[13]
- United States Marine Corps
- United States Navy[13]
Venezuela- Venezuelan Air Force[13]
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Yugoslavia- Yugoslav Air Force
Surviving aircraft
A considerable number of Stearmans remain in flying condition throughout the world, as the type remains a popular sport plane and warbird.
- Argentina
- 308 – N2S-5 airworthy at the Argentine Naval Aviation Museum in Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires.[11]
- Australia
- Serial number: 75-8314 airworthy. Owned by Raalin WHEELER, PINJARRA Western Australia 6208
Brazil
- K-132 – A75L3 on display at the Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro.[19]
- K-210 – A76C3 on display at the Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro.[20]
- 38010 – N2S-3 on display at the TAM Museum in São Carlos, São Paulo.[21]
- Canada
- 41-8621 – PT-17 airworthy at the Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum in Hamilton, Ontario.[22]
- 42-17456 – PT-13D owned by Daniel Jones of Lacombe, Alberta.[23][24]
- 5284 – N2S-3 under restoration to airworthy with Daniel Jones of Lacombe, Alberta.[25][26]
- 5293 – N2S-3 owned by J. Kurtin of Collingwood, Ontario.[27][28]
- 30083 – N2S-4 on display at the Reynolds-Alberta Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta.[29][30]
- 61105 – N2S-5 with Bruce Bond of Sarnia, Ontario.[31][32]
- Colombia
- FAC-62 – PT-17 airworthy.
- FAC-1995 – PT-17 airworthy.
- Iceland
- T5-1556 – PT-17 airworthy with Erling Pétur Erlingsson in Hafnarfjörður, Capital Region. It is the oldest airplane in Iceland. It was brought to the country in 1941 by the aircraft carrier USS Wasp and damaged in an accident in 1943.[33][34][35]
- Indonesia
- PT-13D on display at Dirgantara Mandala Museum in Yogyakarta. The aircraft is painted in Taloa Academy of Aeronautics livery.[36][37]
- Israel
- 2752 – PT-17 airworthy at the Israeli Air Force Museum in Hatzerim.[38]
- Mexico
- PT-17 on display at the Air College.
- PT-17 on display at the Air College.
- PT-17 on display at the Air College.
- Netherlands
- 75-7213 – N2S-3 airworthy, registered as N9912H, owned by Nordsiek family and based at Breda International Airport.[39]
- New Zealand
- 75-647 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-RJS
- 75-2055 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-BWR
- 75-2100 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-KJO
- 75-2724 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-STM
- 75-3132 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-TGA
- 75-3655 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-USN
- 75-4245 – PT-17 Registered as ZK-PJS
- 75-5064 – PT-13D Registered as ZK-BOE
- 75-5907 – PT-13D Registered as ZK-XAF
- 75-8025A – N2S-3 Registered as ZK-USA
- Peru
- PT-17 is on display at the Instituto de Estudios Históricos Aeroespaciales del Perú, Miraflores, Lima.
- Spain
- PT-13 on display at the Fundación Infante de Orleans in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid.[40]
- PT-17 on display at the Fundación Infante de Orleans in Cuatro Vientos, Madrid.[41]
- Switzerland
- PT-13D (HB-RBG) belonging to the Stearman Club, built in 1943 and restored in 1990 after a crash due to an engine failure, is based at the Fliegermuseum Altenrhein[42]
- Taiwan
- PT-17 on static display at the Aviation Education Exhibition Hall in Gangshan District, Kaohsiung City.[43]
- United States
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Boeing-Stearman NS2-S at the Arkansas Air & Military Museum in Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Boeing-Stearman Kaydet at the Air Zoo
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Boeing Stearman at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum
- Model 70 airworthy at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon. It is the original prototype of the Model 75.[44]
- 37-0099 – PT-13A on static display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington.[45][46]
- 41-7960 – PT-17 airworthy at Mississippi State University in Starkville, Mississippi. It is used as a research aircraft and glider tow-plane.[47][48]
- 41-8786 – PT-17 in storage at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.[49]
- 41-8882 – PT-17 on static display at the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona.[50]
- 41-25454 – PT-17 airworthy with the Collings Foundation in Stow, Massachusetts.[51]
- 41-25284 – PT-17 on static display at the Hill Aerospace Museum in Roy, Utah.[52]
- 41-25588 – PT-17 airworthy at the Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport in Santa Rosa, California.[53]
- 41-25623 – PT-17 on display at Patriots Point in Charleston, South Carolina.
- 42-15687 – PT-27 on display at the Vintage Flying Museum in Fort Worth, Texas.[54]
- 42-16365 – PT-17 on static display at the Museum of Aviation in Warner Robins, Georgia.[55][52]
- 42-16388 – PT-17D on static display at the March Field Air Museum near Riverside, California.[56]
- 42-16691 – PT-17 on static display at the Castle Air Museum in Atwater, California.[52]
- 42-17591 – PT-13D on static display at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California.[57][58][59]
- 42-17724 – PT-13D on static display at the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C. It was used in 1944 to train members of the Tuskegee Airmen.[60][61][62]
- 42-17763 – PT-13D on static display at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Valle, Arizona.[57][58][63]
- 42-17800 – PT-13D on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. This aircraft is the 63rd to the last one built and was donated to the museum in 1959 by the Boeing Aircraft Company, which purchased the Stearman Company in 1934.[64][65][66]
- 3558 – N2S-2 under restoration to airworthy at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California.[57][58][67]
- 5369 – N2S-3 on static display at the National Naval Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Florida. It was flown by George H. W. Bush during his initial training as a naval pilot.[68]
- 7591 – N2S-3 airworthy at the Valiant Air Command Warbird Museum in Titusville, Florida.[69][70]
- 7718 – N2S-3 airworthy at the Lone Star Flight Museum in Houston, Texas.[71][72]
- 15923 – N2S on static display at the Carolinas Aviation Museum in Charlotte, North Carolina.[73]
- 29981 – N2S-4 on display at the Air Zoo in Kalamazoo, Michigan.[74][75]
- 38278 – N2S-3 airworthy at the Tri-State Warbird Museum in Batavia, Ohio.[76][77]
- 38490 – N2S-5 airworthy at the Lone Star Flight Museum in Houston, Texas.[71][78]
- 43197 – N2S-5 under restoration to airworthy condition with the Commemorative Air Force Utah Wing in Heber City, Utah.[79][80]
- 61064 – N2S-5 on static display at the Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum in Chantilly, Virginia.[81][82]
- 92468 – N2S-3 on static display at the Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii. It was flown by George H. W. Bush during his initial training as a naval pilot.[83][84]
- PT-17 airworthy at the Military Aviation Museum in Pungo, Virginia.[85]
- N2S-3 is on display at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon.[86]
Specifications (PT-17)
Line drawings for the N2S/PT-13
Data from United States Military Aircraft since 1909[87][88]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Length: 24 ft 9 in (7.54 m)
- Wingspan: 32 ft 2 in (9.80 m)
- Height: 9 ft 8 in (2.95 m)
- Wing area: 298 sq ft (27.7 m2)
- Empty weight: 1,931 lb (876 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 2,635 lb (1,195 kg)
- Fuel capacity: 46 US gal (38 imp gal; 170 l)
- Powerplant: 1 × Continental R-670-5 7-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 220 hp (160 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 124 mph (200 km/h, 108 kn)
- Cruise speed: 96 mph (154 km/h, 83 kn)
- Service ceiling: 13,200 ft (4,000 m)
- Time to altitude: 10,000 ft (3,000 m) in 17 minutes 18 seconds
- Wing loading: 9.9 lb/sq ft (48 kg/m2)
In popular culture
An iconic movie image is a Stearman cropduster chasing Cary Grant across a field in North by Northwest (the airplane that chased Grant was actually a Naval Aircraft Factory N3N Canary; the plane that hits the truck is a Stearman).
See also
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Arado Ar 66
- Bücker Bü 131
- De Havilland Tiger Moth
- Fleet Finch
- Focke-Wulf Fw 44
- Gotha Go 145
- Repülőgépgyár Levente II
- Naval Aircraft Factory N3N
- Polikarpov Po-2
- PWS-26
- Stampe-Vertongen SV.4
References
Notes
- National Museum of the United States Air Force gives the figure 10,346 but this includes the equivalent airframes in manufactured spare parts.
- Bowers, Peter M.; Swanborough, Gordon (1990). United States Navy aircraft since 1911. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. pp. 494–495. ISBN 0870217925.
- Bowers, Peter M. (1989). Boeing aircraft since 1916 (3rd ed.). Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. pp. 251–269. ISBN 978-0870210372.
- NMUSAF fact sheet: Stearman PT-13D Kaydet Archived August 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
- Bowers 1989, pp. 252–253.
- Bowers 1989, pp. 251–252.
- Bowers 1989, p. 253.
- Bowers 1989, p. 254.
- Taylor 1965, p. 178.
- Bowers 1989, p. 268.
- Núñez Padín, Jorge (2000). "BOEING STEARMAN N2S KAYDET". Fuerzas Navales (in Spanish). Jorge N. Padín. Archived from the original on 2014-05-17. Retrieved 2014-05-16.
- Andrade 1979, p. 159
- Andrade 1979, p. 158
- Bowers 1989, p. 265.
- Bowers 1989, p. 262.
- Bowers 1989, pp. 260–261.
- "Boeing-Stearman Kadyet". Military Factory. 2013-06-20. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
- Nordeen 1991, p. 27.
- "BOEING STEARMAN A75L3 – Kaydet". Museu Aeroespacial. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "BOEING STEARMAN A76C3". Museu Aeroespacial. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 0131 ARA, c/n 75-7631, c/r LV-FGD". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Boeing PT-17 Stearman". Canadian Warplane Heritage Museum. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details [C-GVTI]". Transport Canada. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17456 USAAF, c/n 75-5619, c/r C-GVTI". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details [C-GZAL]". Transport Canada. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 05284 USN, c/n 75-6458, c/r C-GZAL". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details [C-FOXU]". Transport Canada. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13B Kaydet, s/n 5293 USN, c/n 75-6467, c/r C-FOXU". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Aviation". Reynolds Museum. Government of Alberta. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-4 Kaydet, s/n 30083 USN, c/n 75-3522, c/r CF-UWK". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Canadian Civil Aircraft Register: Aircraft Details [C-GSDK]". Transport Canada. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 61105 USN, c/n 75-5227, c/r C-GSDK". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Aircraft Registry Lookup [TF-KAU]". Icelandic Transport Authority. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- Magnússon, Guðmundur (25 April 2019). "The oldest airplane in Iceland". mbl.is (in Icelandic). Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- Marteinsson, Ólafur; Marteinsson, Þorsteinn (23 April 2020). "Stearman, Reykjavík Airfield. March 20, 1943". World War II Crash Sites in Iceland. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Museum TNI AU Dirgantara Mandala Yogyakarta Indonesia". aviationmuseum.eu. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- "MAAM – The Widow's Web – Recovery". maam.org. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 2752 IDF, c/n 75-5096, c/r 4X-AIK". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- https://www.bndestem.nl/roosendaal/historisch-vliegtuigje-van-seppe-naar-schiphol-100-jaar-na-eerste-commerciele-vlucht-klm~abfa329b/
- "Boeing Stearman Kaydet – IDA". Infante de Orleans. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Boeing – Stearman Kaydet". Infante de Orleans. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Stearman HB-RBG". Fliegermuseum Fahrzeugmuseum Altenrhein. 11 July 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "PT-17教練機". Aviation Education Exhibit Hall. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Stearman Model 70". Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Stearman PT-13A Kaydet (A75)". The Museum of Flight. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13A Kaydet, s/n 37-0099 USAAF, c/n 75-0055, c/r N8FL". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "HISTORY: Boeing PT-17 Stearman". Mississippi State University. Archived from the original on 27 March 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-17 Kaydet, s/n 41-7960 USAAF, c/n 75-1519, c/r N53129". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Stearman PT-17 (Model 75) 'Kaydet'". New England Air Museum. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "BOEING A75N1 (PT-17) STEARMAN KADET". Pima Air & Space Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "BOEING PT-17 TUSKEGEE STEARMAN". Collings Foundation. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "LOANED AIRCRAFT BY LOC" (PDF). National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- Hug, Robin (21 March 2012). "New aviation company flying old planes". Windsor Times. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Boeing PT-17 Kaydet". Vintage Flying Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "PT-17 "Kaydet"". Museum of Aviation Foundation. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "PT-13D Stearman". March Field Air Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Kaydet". Planes of Fame Air Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Flying & Static Aircraft". Planes of Fame Air Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17591 USAAF, c/n 75-5754, c/r N5186N". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Training aircraft used by Tuskegee Institute". National Museum of African American History & Culture. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17724 USAAF, c/n 75-5887, c/r N36360". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- Edwards, Owen (November 2011). "The Tuskegee Airmen Plane's Last Flight". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved January 30, 2012.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing PT-13D Kaydet, s/n 42-17763 USAAF, c/n 75-5926, c/r N5279N". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Stearman PT-13D Kaydet". National Museum of the United States Air Force. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "AIRCRAFT, DRONES AND MISSILES AT THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE U.S. AIR FORCE" (PDF). National Museum of the United States Air Force. June 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "IMAGE GALLERY". National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-2 Kaydet, s/n 3558 USN, c/n 75-1335, c/r N61445". Aerial Visuals.
- "N2S Kaydet". National Naval Aviation Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "VAC COLLECTION". Valiant Air Command, Inc. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 7591 USN, c/n 75-7195, c/r N5118N". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Boeing PT-17 Stearman". Lone Star Flight Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-3 Kaydet, s/n 07718 USN, c/n 75-7322, c/r N84LK". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "BOEING/STEARMAN PT-17 KAYDET". Carolinas Aviation Museum. 12 February 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "WWII: 1930s-1945". Air Zoo. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-4 Kaydet, s/n 29981 USN, c/n 75-3412, c/r N2PP {2}". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Restored Aircraft". Tri-State Warbird Museum. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman Kaydet, s/n 38278 USN, c/n 75-7899, c/r N224DF". AerialVisuals.ca. www.AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 38490 USN, c/n 75-8111, c/r N75272". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Boeing Stearman N2S / PT-13 / PT-17". Commemorative Air Force Utah Wing. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Challenge Coin Stearman 75-8291". Commemorative Air Force Utah Wing. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Boeing-Stearman N2S-5 Kaydet". National Air and Space Museum. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
- "Airframe Dossier – Stearman-Boeing N2S-5 Kaydet, s/n 61064 USN, c/n 75-5186". Aerial Visuals. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- "Boeing N2S-3 Stearman (Trainer)". Pearl Harbor Aviation Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "2012 Annual Report" (PDF). PacificAviationMuseum.org. Pacific Aviation Museum. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- "OUR WORLD WAR TWO AIRCRAFT". Military Aviation Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- "Stearman N2S-3". Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 443.
- "Boeing-Stearman Kaydet". Retrieved 23 May 2019.
.
Bibliography
- Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909, Midland Counties Publications, 1979, ISBN 0 904597 22 9
- Avis, Jim and Bowman, Martin. Stearman: A Pictorial History. Motorbooks, 1997. ISBN 0-7603-0479-3.
- Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft since 1916. London:Putnam, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-804-6.
- Nordeen, Lon. Fighters Over Israel. London: Guild Publishing, 1991.
- Phillips, Edward H. Stearman Aircraft: A Detailed History . Specialty Press, 2006. ISBN 1-58007-087-6.
- Sapienza, Antonio Luis (May 2001). "L'aviation militare paraguayenne durant la seconde guerre mondiale" [Paraguayan Military Aviation During the Second World War]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (98): 30–33. ISSN 1243-8650.
- Swanborough, F.G. and Peter M. Bowers. United States Military Aircraft since 1909. London: Putnam, 1963.
- Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965.
- United States Air Force Museum. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation. 1975.
Videography
- Stearman, Lloyd. Stearmans, You Gotta Love Them. Lap Records, 2005. (NTSC Format)
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