Brazilian traditional medicine

Traditional Brazilian medicine (Portuguese: Medicina indígena) includes many native South American elements, and imported African ones. It is predominant where indigenous groups and among the black-Native American mestizo population, and in the Northeast coast, nearly all interior regions including Amazon regions, savannahs, rainforest, foothills, and Pantanal. According to Dr. Romulo R. N. Alves, "although Brazil's health system is public...use of traditional remedies and rituals provide an economical way of healing for much of the populace, but that also does not mean that wealthy Brazilians don't seek it out as well. Traditional medicine is a deep part of Brazilian heritage."[1]

Several parts of the cashew plant, including the bark and seeds, are used medicinally.
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The Aruak, Tupi, Yamomami, Krahô, Guarani and other Indians groups are among the native tribes that together with isolated descendants of Africans or Quilombola, and Indians integrated (Caboclo) that are known to almost exclusively practice traditional medicine. Among the plants include edible foods like the cashew, peppers, mangosteen and coconut, but often include inedible parts like the fruits, leaves, husk, bark. Neighboring nations like the Patamona of Guyana also use the cashew.

There is growing interest in Brazilian medicine as the Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical forest in the world, and is home to immense biodiversity, including cures or treatments for many ailments. Japanese scientists have found strong anticancer activity in Brazilian traditional remedies.[2] In one study in 1997 published in The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, only 122 species existing in Brazil could be related to the Chinese species (or 14.35% of the samples).,[3] which means the vast majority of species are not known to Chinese traditional medicine. Thousands and possibly millions of species remain unstudied and/or susceptible to extinction by habitat destruction.

Examples

Examples of modern studies of Brazilian medicine the Acai Palm contains antioxidants active against leukemia. Alchornea glandulosa is used to treat assorted skin diseases, diarrhea, inflammations, leprosy and rheuma. Scientific studies have confirmed most of these effects, and also found extracts of certain species to kill off trypanosoma, some bacteria and fungi, and cancer cells.

Some others include psychoactive plants like Ayahuasca Epena and Jurema used in rituals currently being investigated for their potential use in psychiatry.[4]

Vacina do sapo (frog vaccine) is a secretion from the giant leaf frog used by indigenous groups, such as the Asháninka, that is injected into the bloodstream and used in traditional medicine to ward off bad luck, however, only recently have multiple patents are pending for use against ischemia and hepatic injury.[5]

The Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress Group at the UPV/EHU's Faculty of Medicine and Nursing at the University of the Basque Country has published a study where traditionally infused Vismia baccifera has shown massive induction of oxidative stress in kidney cancer cells, with rapid death, but leaving healthy cells alone.[6]

Markets

Ver-o-peso is a market in Belém which sells native foods (and remedies), and is more recently a host to the Açaí Fair.

See also

Notes
  1. Mazzari, Andrea L. D. A.; Prieto, Jose M. (2014). "Herbal medicines in Brazil: Pharmacokinetic profile and potential herb-drug interactions". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 5: 162. doi:10.3389/fphar.2014.00162. PMC 4087670. PMID 25071580.
  2. Harukuni, Tokuda; Akira, Iida (2006). "Basic and applied studies for physiological activities of Brazilian traditional medicine, Taheebo". Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (in Japanese). Japan Science and Technology Agency. 216 (3): 136–137. ISSN 0031-6903. Archived from the original on February 10, 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  3. "Comparison between ethnopharmacology in traditional Chinese medicine and Brazilian popular phytotherapy". CAT.INIST. Archived from the original on 2012-06-06. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  4. "What Is MAPS?". Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  5. "BIOPIRATARIA NA AMAZÔNIA - APRESENTAÇÃO". Amazon Link (in Portuguese). 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
  6. "The antitumour mechanism of an Amazonian plant in human cancer cells is deciphered". Medical Xpress. University of the Basque Country. 28 September 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
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