Canton 10

In Croatian, the term županija is used, while in Bosnian and Serbian the term is kanton/кантон. The canton is officially referred by the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina as Canton 10 (Kanton 10 or Županija 10).[3] The local government refers to it as the Herzeg-Bosnia County, in Croatian Hercegbosanska županija, and uses that name in the local constitution.[4][5] This name was declared unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of the Federation because "neither part of the territory of the canton belongs to Herzegovina as a region".[3] Other names used at the national level include North Herzegovina Canton (Sjevernohercegovački kanton, Sjevernohercegovačka županija) and Livno Canton (Livanjski kanton), after its capital.[6][7][8]

The coat of arms of the canton under its constitution is a variant of the historical Croatian coat of arms. The flag is a horizontal tricolour of red, white and blue, with the coat of arms in the middle.[9] These symbols were used by the former Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia. The West Herzegovina Canton also uses this flag and coat of arms. Their use as the official symbols of the canton was deemed unconstitutional by the Constitutional Court of the Federation, because "they only represented one constituent nation".[3] The local government continues to use the flag and the coat of arms at plates at the official institutions.[10][11]

The constitution lists Croatian and Bosnian languages and the Latin script as official in the canton.[9]

Dalmatae have long resisted the Romans.

Originally occupied by the Dalmatae, the area of Canton 10 was annexed in 15 AD by the Roman Empire and formed part of the Roman province of Dalmatia. After the introduction of Christianity, Delminium (Tomislavgrad) is the seat of the bishopric.

These years also see the creation of the city of Livno. In 892 was recorder the first written appearance of the name of Livno which was the seat of one of counties of the Kingdom of Croatia. The region is attached in the 9th century to the Kingdom of the Croats and later in the 14th century to the Kingdom of Bosnia. After the death of the king of Bosnia, Tvrtko I in 1391, the power of the Kingdom of Bosnia gradually declines and the region is taken over by the Kingdom of Croatia, the state and associated to the Kingdom of Hungary by a personal union.

In the sixteenth century the region was fully integrated for four centuries within the Ottoman Empire. Under the Ottoman Empire, peasants who remained Catholic or Orthodox were hostile to Turkish officials and to islamized landowners.

Assault on Livno (15 August 1878) by Julius von Blaas.

In the nineteenth century, several uprisings and rebellions against Muslim authorities erupted in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Suffering under oppression by the authorities and furious after the Muslim authorities had killed the Catholic spiritual leader of this region, Lovro Karaula, Franciscan priest, the Catholics of Livno rose up against Ottoman rule on July 20, 1875. Soon, the Catholics from across the region joined this uprising. The rebel leaders were two Franciscan priests, Stjepan Krešić and Bonaventura Šarić-Drženjak. For three years, the insurgency controlled the mountainous regions of Glamoč, Livno, Kupres and Grahovo. When the Austrian army arrived in the Livno region in 1878, the insurgents handed over their arms to the Austrians. The Austro-Hungarian troops met in this region an opposition, both of the Muslim population and the Orthodox population, fighting battles in the vicinity of Livno. The region is liberated at the end of the summer of 1878.

Austria-Hungary occupies the region militarily and Bosnia and Herzegovina after the 1878 Berlin Congress. This period is marked by important changes in the region which is industrializing and westernizing. Architecturally, many public buildings were built and many Catholic religious buildings were erected that were banned during the Ottoman era.

The Constitution of the Herzeg-Bosnian Canton was adopted by the Cantonal Assembly on 19 December 1996.

The total area of the canton is approximately 4,934 square kilometres (1,910 sq mi), a tenth of the surface of Bosnia-Herzegovina and c. 19% of the Federation.[12] The region is located between Dalmatia to the west, Una-Sana Canton to the north, Central Bosnia Canton to the east and West Herzegovina Canton and Herzegovina-Neretva Canton to the south and southeast.

Municipalities of the Canton

Canton 10 includes 6 municipalities: Drvar, Bosansko Grahovo, Glamoč, Kupres, Livno and Tomislavgrad.

Coat of arms	Municipality	Population[13]	Area (km2)[13]
	Bosansko Grahovo	3,091	780.0
	Drvar	7,506	589.3
	Glamoč	4,038	1033.6
	Kupres	5,573	569.8
	Livno	37,487	994.0
	Tomislavgrad	33,032	967.4

The canton is governed by the Government of Canton 10 (Croatian: Vlada Hercegbosanske županije; Bosnian: Vlada Kantona 10; Serbian Cyrillic: Влада Кантона 10). The current government is a coalition of 2 parties led by Croatian Democratic Union. The current Prime Minister is Ivan Jozić.[14]

Cantonal Assembly

Cantonal Assembly in Tomislavgrad

The Cantonal Assembly (Croatian: Županijska skupština, Bosnian and Serbian: Kantonalna skupština/Кантонална скупштина) is the parliament of the Canton 10. It consists of 25 representatives elected by proportional representation for four-year terms of office.

	Political party	Assembly members
		2002	2006	2010	2014	2018	currently
	Croatian National Shift (HNP)	-	-	-	-	-	6 / 25
	Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ 1990)	-	6	4	4	4	4 / 25
	Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD)	3	5	3	3	3	3 / 25
	Croatian Independent List (HNL)	-	-	-	2	3	3 / 25
	Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ BiH)	13	5	9	9	8	2 / 25
	Party of Democratic Action (SDA)	2	2	2	2	2	2 / 25
	Serbian Progressive Party (SNS)	-	-	-	-	1	1 / 25
	People's Party For Work And Betterment (NSRzB)	2	1	3	2	1	1 / 25
	Cantonal Independent List (ŽNL)	-	-	-	-	1	1 / 25
	Croatian Republican Party (HRS)	-	-	-	-	1	1 / 25
	Social Democratic Party (SDP BiH)	1	1	1	1	1	1 / 25
Sources:[15][16][17][18]

Ethnic composition of Canton 10 in 1991. Serbs in blue, Croats in orange, Muslims in green

Ethnic composition of Canton 10 in 2013. Serbs in blue, Croats in orange, Bosniaks in green

The Serbian National Folk Dance Ensemble Kolo from Glamoč

According to the 1991 census, 115.682 people inhabited the canton. Croats comprised 51.5%, Serbs comprised 35.7% and Bosnian Muslims comprised 10.4% of the population. Croats overwhelmingly lived in the southeastern part of the canton (Livno, Kupres, Tomislavgrad), while Serbs lived in northwestern (Grahovo, Glamoč, Drvar). There was a significant population migration during the war (1992–95). In 1992, Serb forces captured Kupres and the surrounding area, pushing away most of the non-Serb population. Croats returned at the end of 1994, after their forces have retaken Kupres. After Croat forces captured Grahovo, Glamoč and Drvar in the summer and fall of 1995, most of the Serb population fled. Refugee Croats from other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (fleeing Serb or Bosniak forces) settled in the abandoned area previously inhabited by the Serbs. After the war, under UN and peace implementation forces' pressure, Serb refugees returned to their homes.

In 2013, Canton's population included approximately 77% Croats, 13% Serbs and 9.6% Bosniaks; all other ethnicities combined made up the remaining <0.4%. Canton 10 had the largest share of ethnic Serbs in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, their number has steadily decreased since the conclusion of the Bosnian War.

Touristic map of the canton 10

The canton has significant natural resources, with large reserves of coal and timber, as well as hydro & wind power. Due to economic reasons (insufficient canton revenues compared to expenses) unification with West Herzegovina Canton has been proposed.[19][20]

• List of heads of the Canton 10
• Tropolje
• Tubolja

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Canton 10.

• Official site