Catherine Hamlin

Elinor Catherine Nicholson was raised in the Sydney suburb of Ryde, at "The Hermitage" (built by John Blaxland in 1842). One of six children of Elinor and Theodore Nicholson, she went to Frensham School in Mittagong,[4] before attending the University of Sydney and graduating from its Medical School in 1946.[5]

After internships at St Joseph's Hospital, Auburn, and St George's Hospital, Kogarah, she became a resident in obstetrics at Crown Street Women's Hospital. In 1950, she married Dr Reginald Hamlin, medical superintendent at Crown Street.[4]

Three trainee midwives with Catherine Hamlin at the Hamlin Fistula Hospital in 2009

In 1958 the Hamlins answered an advertisement placed by the Ethiopian government in The Lancet medical journal for an obstetrician and gynaecologist to establish a midwifery school at the Princess Tsehay Hospital in Addis Ababa.[5] They arrived in 1959 with their six-year-old son, Richard.[6] The Hamlins had never seen an obstetric fistula before — they were an "academic rarity"[7] having been virtually eradicated in the United States in 1895. (The first fistula hospital closed its doors in New York City in 1925.)[7] Seeing many cases arrive at the school, they decided to create a dedicated hospital. Fifteen years later, in 1974, they founded Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital[8] which is the world's first modern-day fistula hospital. Over the years, the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital and Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia's five regional hospitals have treated more than 60,000 patients.[2]

Between 2003 and 2010 Catherine Hamlin established five strategically-placed regional fistula hospitals in addition to the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital. Hamlin and the Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia organisation decided to build fistula facilities in remote parts of Ethiopia due to the higher rates of fistula cases there as a result of limited access to prenatal and perinatal care.[9] The five hospitals, located in Bahir Dar, Mekele, Yirgalem, Harar and Mettu, act as regional centres for fistula patients.

Hamlin lived in her cottage on the grounds of the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital and remained very active in the day-to-day work of the hospital and patient care up until her death in 2020. Reg Hamlin was actively involved in the activities of the hospital and was a member of its board of trustees until his death in 1993.[8]

Hamlin's efforts to end fistula saw her lead a program of preventing obstetric fistulas through Ethiopia; she believed that midwifery was key to preventing fistulas from occurring in the first place. Hamlin argued that "to put a well trained midwife in every village would soon eradicate obstetric fistulae."[10] In 2007 she founded the Hamlin College of Midwives. Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia recruits students from rural areas, provides a full four-year scholarship for students as they gain their Bachelor of Science (Midwifery) degree. Upon their graduation, students are deployed back to their communities where their skills are needed. As of November 2019, 170 midwives have graduated from the College; 92 are currently studying.[11] Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia has partnered with the Ethiopian government to provide resources and midwives who have graduated from the Hamlin College of Midwives, to 80 government midwifery clinics across regional Ethiopia.

As part of the whole patient approach she advocated, Hamlin opened a rehabilitation and reintegration centre for fistula patients in 2002. Called Desta Mender (Amharic for 'Joy Village'), the facility was built on land donated by the Ethiopian government. The location of the site is approximately 10 kilometres from the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital. Desta Mender has 10 houses which accommodate patients suffering chronic long-term injuries which require further care.[12] Patients at the rehabilitation and reintegration centre undergo literacy and numeracy classes, counselling[13] and vocational training.[14]

Hamlin meets The Queen at Government House, Canberra in 2011

Hamlin has been awarded honorary fellowships in the medical associations of Australia, England and the United States. On 26 January 1983, she was appointed as a Member of the Order of Australia for her services to gynaecology in developing countries[15] and on 26 January 1995, Hamlin was awarded Australia's highest honour, being promoted to the grade of Companion of the Order of Australia.[16]

On 1 January 2001, she was awarded the Centenary Medal for "long and outstanding service to international development in Africa".[17] She is the author of the best-selling book, The Hospital by the River: A Story of Hope, first published in 2001. A second edition was published in 2016 with a foreword by Dame Quentin Bryce.[2] She has been described as a modern-day "Mother Teresa" in an editorial by Pulitzer Prize–winning writer Nicholas Kristof of The New York Times.[18]

Aged 80, Hamlin appeared on Oprah Winfrey's television show in January 2004. The episode was included in Winfrey's 20-year anthology collection. Winfrey travelled to the hospital and filmed another episode for her show, broadcast in December 2005. The 2007 documentary, "A Walk to Beautiful" featured five Ethiopian women who were treated and cured by Hamlin and her team at the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital.[19][20]

In 2009 she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award, also called the "alternative Nobel Prize".[21][22]

Hamlin was among 50 prominent Australians invited by the Governor-General of Australia, Dame Quentin Bryce, to take lunch with Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh at Government House, Canberra on 23 October 2011.[23]

In November 2016, a Sydney Ferries Emerald-class ferry was named Catherine Hamlin.[24]

In 2019, Hamlin celebrated the 60th anniversary of her arrival in Ethiopia at a ceremony at the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital. The Ethiopian Prime Minister, Abiy Ahmed, gave a speech recognising Catherine's great impact on Ethiopia and presented her with a prestigious Eminent Citizen Award on behalf of the Government of Ethiopia. She is one of three people to ever receive this accolade.[25]

The Sydney ferry Catherine Hamlin

Both Hamlin and her hospital received numerous awards.[8] Known for her dedication and humility, Hamlin said of the plaudits she received that "I'm doing what I love doing and it's not a hardship for me to be working in Ethiopia with these women".[26]

• 1971 Haile Selassie Humanitarian Prize[4]
• 1983 Member of the Order of Australia[27]
• 1984 ANZAC Peace Prize[28]
• 1987 Gold Medal of Merit, Order of St. Gregory the Great[29]
• 1989 Honorary Gold Medal, Royal College of Surgeons[29]
• 1995 Companion of the Order of Australia[4]
• 1996 Zonta International Award, International Honorary Member[30]
• 1998 Rotary Award for World Understanding and Peace, Rotary International[31]
• 1999 Nominee, Nobel Peace Prize[32]
• 2001 Centenary Medal, Order of Australia[33]
• 2003 Honorary Fellow, American College of Surgeons[4]
• 2004 National Living Treasure of Australia, National Trust of Australia[29]
• 2005 Honorary Fellow, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh[29]
• 2005 Doctor of Medicine Honoris Causa, University of Sydney[5]
• 2006 Doctorate of Law Honoris Causa, Dundee University[29]
• 2009 Gold Medal, World Association for Sexual Health[34]
• 2009 Right Livelihood Award, Stockholm, Sweden[4][31]
• 2010 Honorary Doctorate, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia[4]
• 2011 Farquharson Award, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh[29]
• 2012 Honorary Ethiopian Citizenship, Prime Minister Meles Zenawi[8]
• 2014 Distinguished Surgeon of the Year, Society of Gynecological Surgeons, USA[29]
• 2014 Nominee, Nobel Peace Prize[18][35]
• 2017 United Nations Association of Australia Lifework Award 2017[36]
• 2017 Winner of "Bego Sew" yearly Ethiopian Prize for the lifetime best achievements of foreigners who devote their lives to the well-being of fellow Ethiopians[37]
• 2018 NSW Senior Australian of the Year[29]
• 2019 Eminent Citizen Award, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed[38]

• Hamlin.org.au—Official website for the only authorised representative for Dr Hamlin and Hamlin Fistula Ethiopia in Australia
• Hamlin's Right Livelihood Award acceptance speech
• Oprah video