Charles E. Collins

In 1986, Collins, who was a former Bay County, Florida school board official, challenged the use of I Am the Cheese and other books at the Mowat Junior High School his granddaughter attended. He wrote letters to the parents of all the students, and placed an advertisement in the Panama City News-Herald. At a school board meeting Collins submitted what he claimed was about 9,000 signatures petitioning the use of the book, though a television reporter later found the number to be 3,549.[2]

The case's first national coverage came from The Washington Post, which in the cover story of the Sunday magazine section reported on the case and the death threats that had been received by the teachers and parents defending the book and by the television reporter, Hill. Hill's apartment was attacked by arson and a bomb threat placed on her car required the summoning of a police bomb squad, though the device proved to be a fake one. Commenting on the attacks, Collins dismissed the dummy bomb as a "joke" and the fire as "a good way to get your apartment painted by the landlord."[3]

Mother Jones magazine called Collins the "consummate internet candidate," and opined that he appealed to an online population of "isolationists, alarmists, and conspiracy theorists."[4] His campaign advocated abolishing the Federal Reserve and the Internal Revenue Service and other pledges noted to be similar to that of the U.S. Taxpayers Party ticket of Howard Phillips and Herbert Titus.[5]

He initially sought the Republican Party nomination, qualifying for and receiving some votes in the Republican presidential primaries. He received a mere forty-two votes in the New Hampshire primary and still fell far behind the other candidates in other states where he did better; e.g. 628 votes in Texas[6] and 451 in Oklahoma[7] Collins withdrew from the Colorado primary after the ballots were printed.[8] The Republican National Committee barred him from debates.

Collins also sought, and failed to receive, the nomination of the United States Taxpayers Party. Collins then decided to run as an independent, receiving the endorsement of a group called C.U.R.E. led by the former Republican governor of Arizona Evan Mecham. C.U.R.E. endorsed Collins over other potential choices including former California State Assemblyman and State Senator Don Rogers, who would later be the presidential candidate of the American Party in the 2000 presidential election and John Yiamouyiannas, formerly a candidate of Take Back America who had received 2,199 votes in the 1992 presidential election.[9]

On August 21, 1996 Collins attempted to have the United States Supreme Court declare all state ballot access laws to be unconstitutional.[10] They declined his motion.[11]

Continuing to run as an independent candidate, Collins chose as his Vice Presidential running mate Rosemary Giumarra of Porterville, California.[12] Collins and Giumarra received 8,952 votes in the election.

In 2000, Collins attempted to win the nomination of the Reform Party. He fell far behind the frontrunner Pat Buchanan in the party's important Missouri primary with 295 votes versus 2,214, though he beat John Hagelin. In California, Collins fell in last place with 1,681 votes.[13] He thereafter attempted to win the party's nomination for Vice President. The convention split into two factions: Buchanan and Hagelin. In the Buchanan convention, Collins received 23 votes versus the winner of the nomination Ezola B. Foster.[14]

Collins died in Macon, Georgia, on September 16, 2012, at the age of 83.[15]

• https://web.archive.org/web/20101028101426/http://www.politics1.com/reform.htm
• "1996 Boulder County Election Results". Boulder County Clerk and Recorder's Office. Archived from the original on 5 May 1999.
• Abrahamson, John (4 August 1996). "Commentary: An alternative platform that bears looking into". The Washington Times. p. B5.
• Alexander, Kathey (16 August 1996). "Taxpayers Party fails to attract GOP dissidents". Atlanta Journal and Constitution. p. 20A.
• Briggs, Bill (15 December 1997). "Right-wing Airwaves in Americana Johnstown broadcaster preaches Patriot revolution". The Denver Post. p. F1.
• Carlson, Peter (4 January 1987). "A Chilling Case of Censorship". Washington Post Magazine. p. W10-17, 40–41.
• "Charles Collins". Mother Jones. Archived from the original on 22 August 2004. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
• DelFattore, Joan (1992). "Theme and Variations". What Johnny Shouldn't Read: Textbook Censorship in America. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05709-6. LCCN 92003585. OCLC 25203019.
• Green, Jonathon; Karolides, Nicholas J. (2005). "I Am the Cheese (1977)". The Encyclopedia of Censorship. Facts on File Library of World History (rev. ed.). New York: Facts on File. pp. 249–252. ISBN 978-0-8160-4464-1. LCCN 2004053211. OCLC 55657584.
• Hendricks, Mike (20 February 1996). "'Other' contenders find their own followers". Kansas City Star. p. A2.
• Hendricks, Mike (21 February 1996). "Collins wins convention nomination". Kansas City Star. p. A2.
• "Identity crisis: name of independent candidate remains on Republican ballot". Atlanta Journal and Constitution. 29 February 1996. p. 16A.
• Koli, Anuradha (1 November 1996). "Independent Candidates Offer Alternative to Major Party Nominees". Colgate Maroon-News. Archived from the original on 9 October 1999.
• Manual for the General Court. Concord, New Hampshire: New Hampshire Department of State. 1997.
• Linzer, Lori; Rosenberg, David; B'nai B'rith; Anti-defamation League (1997). Vigilante Justice!: Militias and "Common Law Courts" Wage War Against the Government. New York: Anti-Defamation League. LCCN 97180031. OCLC 37291025.
• Michael, George (2008). Willis Carto and the American Far Right. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-8130-3198-9. LCCN 2007038093. OCLC 173243789. citing "Reform Party Hopeful Charles Collins Discusses Restoring the Rights of the People". The Spotlight. 14 February 2000. pp. 12–13..
• Southern Poverty Law Center; Klanwatch Project (1996). "Prominent 'Patriots'". False Patriots: The Threat of Antigovernment Extremists. Montgomery: Southern Poverty Law Center. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-7881-3132-5. OCLC 45442384.: Serrano, Richard A. (22 February 1996). "Militias See Buchanan as Their Kind of Candidate". The Washington Times. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
• Smydo, Joe (21 August 1999). "Reform candidate vows not to undermine morality". Observer-Reporter. Washington, PA. p. B1. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
• Vejnoska, Jill (21 December 1995). "Georgian to fight omission from presidential ballot". Atlanta Journal and Constitution. p. 4D.
• "Who is he - or was he? Obscure GOP candidate for president quits party". Atlanta Journal and Constitution. 26 January 1996.
• Winger, Richard (9 September 1996). "Collins Thinks Big". Ballot Access News. 12 (2). Retrieved 5 February 2011.
• Winger, Richard (1 September 2000). "Reform Conventions: Vote for President, Vice-President". Ballot Access News. 16 (6). Retrieved 4 February 2011.

• "Charles E. Collins for President," The Gordon Hall and Grace Hoag Collection of Dissenting and Extremist Printed Propaganda, Brown University Library. OCLC 46319142.