Dmytro Yarosh

Dmytro Anatoliyovych Yarosh (Ukrainian: Дмитро Анатолійович Ярош; born 30 September 1971)[3] is an activist, politician, and the main commander of the Ukrainian Volunteer Army. He is the former leader of the far-right Right Sector organisation.[4][5][6][7] In late 2015 he withdrew from Right Sector.[8] From 2014 until 2019 Yarosh was a Ukrainian Member of Parliament. In February 2016 he started a new organisation called Governmental Initiative of Yarosh (DIYA).[9]

Dmytro Yarosh
Dmytro Yarosh in Uzhhorod, 19 September 2014
People's Deputy of Ukraine
In office
27 November 2014[1]  29 July 2019
People's Deputy of Ukraine
8th convocation
Assumed office
27 November 2014
ConstituencyRight Sector, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast,
District No.39[2]
Personal details
Born (1971-09-30) 30 September 1971
Dniprodzerzhynsk, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union
NationalityUkrainian
Political partyRight Sector (2013–2015)
Other political
affiliations
Tryzub (1994–present)
People's Movement of Ukraine (1989–1994)
Alma materDrohobych State University of Education
OccupationPolitician, activist
WebsiteFacebook page
Military service
Allegiance Soviet Union (historical)
Ukraine
Years of service1989–1991
2014–present

In the May 25, 2014 presidential election he received 127,772 votes (0.7% of the total).[10] He was elected to the Ukrainian parliament during the October 26, 2014 election from a single-seat constituency in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast by winning 29.76% of the votes.[11][1]

On 25 July 2015 Yarosh was placed by Interpol on its international wanted list at the request of Russian authorities.[12] Since 2 January 2016 this request is no longer listed on Interpol's website.[13]

Biography

Early life

Yarosh was born on 30 September 1971 in Dniprodzerzhynsk, a town in predominantly Russian-speaking Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in central-eastern Ukraine.[14][15] Yarosh grew up in a Russian-speaking family.[16] His mother worked in a car factory and his father an engineer at a machine plant.[16] Yarosh has described his early ears as "a happy Soviet childhood."[16] His father refused to join the Communist Party, although Yarosh claims he was asked to join many times.[16]

In 1988 Yarosh graduated from High School #24 of Dniprodzerzhynsk.[17] As almost all pre-teens and young teenagers in the Soviet Union, he was a member of Young Pioneers and later the Countrywide Leninist Communist Youth League organizations, youth-based sub-organizations of the Communist Party.[16]

In the mid-1980s Yarosh became interested in politics and according to him the Soviet Union "It became clear that the system was false.[16]

In 1989 Yarosh who was 18 at the time and a group of friends (who were all about twelve years old)[16] were, allegedly, the first person who first raised the yellow-blue flag of Ukraine in East Ukraine, more precisely in Dneprodzerzhinsk.[16][17] The flag was sewed by his grandmother and her sister with cloth bought by Yarosh.[16]

Starting in February 1989, Yarosh was a member of People's Movement of Ukraine organisation. From October 1989 to November 1991 he was drafted and served two years in the Soviet army as a private.[17]

During the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Yarosh joined Ukrainian nationalist groups. In 1994, he joined the Tryzub organization which he has led since 2005.[18]

Political activities

Since October 1988 Yarosh takes an active part in political activities.[19]

In February 1989 he became a member of the People’s Movement of Ukraine.[19]

In 1989-1991 Yarosh served in the ranks of the Soviet army.[19]

In 1994 Yarosh was one of the founders of the nationalist organization Tryzub.[19] An organization he became head of in 2005.[19] In October 2010 he tried to create a unified Nationalist movement.[19]

In 2001 Yarosh graduated from the State University of Education in Drohobych, Ukraine (Дрогобицький державний педагогічний університет імені Івана Франка).[15]

On 1 April 2013, Yarosh became an assistant-consultant to the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) deputy from the UDAR party Valentyn Nalyvaichenko, they are long-time friends.[19]

2014 revolution

Percentage of votes won by Yarosh during the 2014 presidential election

During the Euromaidan protests in early 2014, Tryzub became the core of the newly founded Right Sector, a coalition of right-wing nationalists.[4] During these protests Yarosh advocated for a "national revolution" and dismissed the Viktor Yanukovych administration as an "internal occupational regime".[5] In early February, weeks before the ousting of President Yanukovych, Yarosh stated in an interview that there would be no civil war in Ukraine because 80% of the population did not support Yanukovych.[20]

Right before the 21 February ouster of Yanukovych, in the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, Yarosh claims he and the Right Sector leadership was consulted by Yanukovych on the deal Yanukovych had signed with the opposition to end Euromaidan.[7] Yarosh refused to endorse this agreement and refused to disarm Right Sector.[7]

Following a 10 March 2014, Lenta.ru interview by Ilya Azar[lower-alpha 1] of Andriy Tarasenko[lower-alpha 2] from the Right Sector's Kyiv branch,[21] Roskomnadzor immediately issued a press release on 12 March 2014,[22] in which Lenta.ru was implicated in violating numerous Russian media laws, information laws, and laws to counter extremism because the interview allowed a leader from the informal group to appeal to persons in the nation of Ukraine (Ukrainians, Crimean Tartars, and others) to support causes for the inviolable territory of Ukraine which has always included Crimea and that the article contained a link to Dmytro Yarosh's 1 March 2014, appeal to fight Moscow's imperialism.[21][23][24][25][26][lower-alpha 3] Since the warning by Roskomnadzor was the second issued in a 12 month period, Roskomnadzor would ask the courts to terminate Lenta.ru's mass media license.[22][25] However, Lenta.ru's owner Alexander Mamut fired nearly half its staff and established a very pro Kremlin media source. The fired personnel stated that the new Editor-in-Chief Alexey Goreslavsky is Kremlin controlled for the Kremlin's propaganda purposes.

In the aftermath of the collapse of Yanukovych's regime, Yarosh demanded to be appointed Vice Prime Minister for the law enforcement matters, but his demand was rejected; he was offered a post of the Deputy Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine instead,[27][28] but Yarosh rejected this position as being beneath him.[29] There were discussions of appointing Yarosh deputy head of the Security Service of Ukraine, but these discussions quickly petered out for unknown reasons.[27]

On 20 April 2014, Dmytro Yarosh claims he was ordered by acting President Oleksandr Turchinov to lead 20 Right Sector members to sabotage an insurgent-controlled television tower in Sloviansk, leading to the first combat fatalities in the Siege of Sloviansk. Yarosh denied his role in these events until two years later.[30]

Yarosh was a candidate in the 25 May 2014 Ukrainian presidential election.[10] A poll conducted by the "Socis" research center (from 25 February – 4 March 2014) predicted that Yarosh's candidacy received the support of 1.6% of the people who were surveyed.[31] On election day he actually received 0.7% of the votes.[10] In January 2019 Yarosh stated he only took part in the election "not to destroy the revolutionary structures after the revolution".[32] He also stated that he was fully aware it was "virtually impossible" he could win the election and that because he was engaged in military action since the first days of April 2014 he did not campaign.[32]

Yarosh took part in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election as a Right Sector candidate in single-member district number 39 (first-past-the-post wins a parliament seat) located in Vasylkivka Raion.[11] He won a parliamentary seat by winning this constituency with 29.76% of the votes.[11] Yarosh did not join a faction in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament).[33] He did join the inter-factional group Ukrop.[34]

Military and withdrawal from Right Sector

During the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport, Yarosh was wounded on 21 January 2015 by an exploding Grad rocket in the nearby village of Pisky.[35] He was evacuated out of the conflict zone.

In early April 2015, Ukraine's defence ministry announced that MP Dmytro Yarosh was to become an aide to military chief Viktor Muzhenko and that his Right Sector fighting group would be integrated into the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[36]

Yarosh resigned as Right Sector leader on 11 November 2015.[6] After he was wounded on 21 January 2015 he had delegated tasks to others in the organisation and he stated on 11 November 2015 he "did not want to be a wedding general".[6] Especially since he claimed "my positions were not always the same as the aspirations of some of the leadership".[7] Late December 2015 Yarosh announced he was forming a new political party that would have its founding congress in February 2016.[8]

Governmental Initiative of Yarosh

In February 2016 Yarosh started a new organisation called Governmental Initiative of Yarosh (DIYA).[9] The departure of Yarosh resulted in at least 20% of Right Sector members leaving with him.[37] According to Yarosh DIYA will be a public movement like People's Movement of Ukraine was in its early days.[38][39]

Yarosh did not participate in the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election.[32] In the election he endorsed the candidacy of Ruslan Koshulynskyi.[32]

In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election DIYA joined a united party list with the political parties of Svoboda, Right Sector and National Corps.[40] Yarosh himself was placed 3rd on the party list.[40] But in the election they won not enough votes to clear the 5% election threshold and thus no parliamentary seats.[41] The party did also not win a single-mandate constituency parliamentary seat.[42]

Personal life

Yarosh met his wife Olha,[19] who Yarosh claims was his first love, in elementary school.[16] The couple married in 1993[32] and has 3 children: daughters Anastasya and Jarina and son Dmytro.[19] On 11 March 2014 grandson Nazar was born.[19]

Yarosh was baptized in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, (he claims) because "Then there was no other."[32] In 1994 Yarosh converted to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.[32]

Political positions and views

  • Yarosh calls himself a follower of Stepan Bandera [43]
  • Yarosh proposed to ban the Party of Regions of Ukraine, as well as the Communist Party of Ukraine.[5]
  • He considers Russia as a main adversary of Ukraine, although he also has little patience for Western influence on Ukraine either.[4]
  • The Spiegel Online reported: "For years, Yarosh has been fighting for the "de-Russification" of Ukraine ... He believes that "anti-Christian" powers are afoot in the European Union and that Brussels forces people into lifestyles such as gay marriage. ... He doesn't see Europe or NATO as a potential partner and has stated that the US is also part of an "anti-Ukrainian front"."[44]
  • Yarosh has denied allegations of anti-Semitism, but in a book he wrote "I wonder how it came to pass that most of the billionaires in Ukraine are Jews?"[44]
  • "For all the years of Ukraine's independence, Russia has pursued a systematic, targeted policy of subjugation toward Ukraine ... So of course we will prepare for a conflict with them, ...If they stick their faces here like they did in Georgia in 2008, they'll get it in the teeth."[4]
  • "Sooner or later, we are doomed to fight a war with [the] Moscow empire."[45]
  • "We're not using oligarchs' money in politics, but when a war is on, we do not object to their funding the army."[46]

Public image

Yarosh is a controversial figure. In Russia's state-run media he has been described as a "radical nationalist",[47] a "fascist".[48] Mainstream Western media has generally called him a radical or extreme nationalist. Some mainstream[49] and left-wing sources have denounced him as a "fascist".[50]

Reactions in Russia

On 12 March, an editor of privately owned Lenta.ru website, Galina Timchenko, was fired by the company's owner Alexander Mamut for publishing a link to an interview with Yarosh he gave two days earlier, after Russian media regulatory agency Roskomnadzor formally warned the Lenta.ru website for publishing this link. In this interview Yarosh said: "Sooner or later, we are doomed to fight a war with [the] Moscow empire".[51]

Criminal charges

On 1 March 2014 Right Sector's page on Russian online social networking service VKontakte showed an entry with Dmytro Yarosh's alleged appeal to Dokka Umarov, a Chechen militant guerrilla leader associated with Al-Qaeda, for support of Ukraine.[52] On 2 March 2014, Right Sector's spokesman Art Skoropadskyi denied the message was posted and approved by Yarosh. According to the spokesman, this alleged appeal to Umarov appeared on Right Sector's VKontakte webpage after one of its administrator's accounts was hacked.[53] VKontakte blocks the page at a request of an Attorney General of Russia. On 11 March 2014 Russian State Duma deputy Valery Rashkin urged Russian special services to "follow Mossad examples" and assassinate leaders of Right sector Dmytro Yarosh and Oleksandr Muzychko.[54]

On 12 March 2014 Basmanny court of Moscow ordered Yarosh's arrest on the charge of public inciting of terrorism.[55]

In March 2014 Russia launched a criminal case against Yarosh, and some members (including party leader Oleh Tyahnybok) of Svoboda and UNA-UNSO, for "organizing an armed gang" that had allegedly fought against Russian 76th Guards Air Assault Division in a First Chechen War and for "public calls for extremism and public calls for terrorism".[56][57] Yarosh has been placed on an international wanted list by Interpol at the request of the Russian Federation on 25 July 2015.[12][58] The charge last alleges he "incriminated [himself by making] public appeals to terrorism and extremism." These two actions are a crime according to Russian criminal code (205th and 280th articles, respectively).[59] Yarosh has been placed on an international wanted list by the Russian Federation.[58] This made him the only person wanted internationally after the beginning of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia in 2014.[60] Since 2 Januari 2016 Yarosh name can not be found on the international wanted list that is visible on Interpol's website.[13]

According to an article on Russian-government funded news site RT, on 16 March, Yarosh threatened to demolish the entire Russian gas pipeline to Europe if a diplomatic solution was not found for the Ukraine/Russia standoff. According to the RT article, Yarosh warned "Crimea was too small to satisfy the appetite of the 'Russian Empire...'"[61]

Notes

  1. Russian: Илья Вильямович Азар Ukrainian: Ілля Вільямович Азар
  2. Russian: Андрей Иванович Тарасенко Ukrainian: Андрій Іванович Тарасенко
  3. On 5 March 2014, Dmytro Yarosh received Basmanny Justice (Russian: Басманное Правосудие) by being placed on the international wanted list and charged in absentia by Moscow's Basmanny court for his actions against Moscow's imperialism.[25][26]

References

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    "Parliament to form leadership and coalition on November 27", UNIAN (26 November 2014)
    Ukraine's new parliament sworn in, Kyiv Post (27 November 2014)
  2. "People's Deputy of Ukraine of the VIII convocation". Official portal (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
  3. Полковник Дмитро Ярош (in Ukrainian). banderivets.org.ua. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  4. Shuster, Simon (4 February 2014). "Exclusive: Leader of Far-Right Ukrainian Militant Group Talks Revolution With TIME". Time. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  5. Profile: Ukraine's key protest figures, BBC News (27 January 2014)
  6. Yarosh quits as Right Sector leader, Interfax Ukraine (11 November 2015)
  7. Right Sector chief Yarosh resigns, cedes leadership role of group, Kyiv Post (11 November 2015)
  8. "UNIAN news. The latest news in Ukraine and worldwide". uatoday.tv. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  9. "Ukraine's Political Volatility Extends Beyond Kiev". Stratfor. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
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    (in Russian) Results election of Ukrainian president, Телеграф (29 May 2014)
  11. "Data on vote counting at precincts within single-mandate districts: Extraordinary parliamentary election on 26.10.2014". Central Election Commission of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 29 October 2014.
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  13. "Right Sector's Yarosh gone from the Interpol wanted list - Jan. 02, 2016". 2 January 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
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  16. (in Ukrainian) Yarosh: I was an Octobrion, a pioneer, and a Komsomol, Ukrayinska Pravda (14 January 2019)
  17. (in Russian) The love story of Dmitry Yarosh: Wife hides and shows children, Bigmir.net (15 May 2014)
  18. "От Майдана до войны с Россией". RosBalt. 22 January 2014.
  19. (in Russian)/(website has automatic Google Translate option) Short bio, LIGA
  20. Лідер Правого сектору Дмитро Ярош: Коли 80% країни не підтримує владу, громадянської війни бути не може. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 4 February 2014.
  21. Азар, Илья (Azar, Ilya) (10 March 2014). "«Мы — не вооруженные силы»: Интервью с одним из лидеров украинского «Правого сектора»" ["We — are not armed forces": Interview with one of the leaders of the Ukrainian Right Sector]. Lentka.com (in Russian). Kyiv. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  22. "Роскомнадзор вынес предупреждение электронному периодическому изданию «Лента.ру» за распространение материалов экстремистского характер" [Roskomnadzor issued a warning to the electronic periodical Lenta.ru for distributing extremist materials]. Roskomnadzor (in Russian). 12 March 2014. Archived from the original on 15 March 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  23. "Правый сектор объявил срочную мобилизацию и вооружение" [Right Sector Announces Urgent Mobilization and Armament]. Ukrayinska Pravda (in Russian). 1 March 2014. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  24. "Коллектив Ленты.ру не согласен со сменой главного редактора: В опубликованном коллективом письме, подписи под которым поставили 70 сотрудников редакции, журналисты назвали смену главного редактора прямым давлением на редакцию "Ленты.ру" и нарушением закона о СМИ" [The Lenta.ru team does not agree with the change of the editor-in-chief: In a letter published by the team signed by 70 editorial staff, the journalists called the change of the editor-in-chief a direct pressure on the Lenta.ru editorial office and a violation of the media law.]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). Moscow. 12 March 2014. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  25. "«Лента.ру» получила предупреждение от Роскомнадзора за интервью с одним из лидеров «Правого сектора»" [Lenta.ru received a warning from Roskomnadzor for an interview with one of the leaders of the Right Sector]. Echo Moscow (in Russian). Moscow. 12 March 2014. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  26. "Роскомнадзор предупредил «Ленту.ру» за экстремистское интервью" [Roskomnadzor warned Lenta.ru for extremist interviews]. Свободная Пресса (Svobodnaya Press) (in Russian). 12 March 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  27. Nayyem, Mustafa (1 April 2014). "За кулисами Правого сектора". Ukrainska Pravda. Retrieved 21 November 2017. Сам Дмитро Ярош нібито вимагав для себе посади віце-прем’єра з питань силового блоку з одночасним підпорядкуванням йому внутрішніх військ. Вимогу відхилили, запропонувавши йому посаду заступника секретаря РНБОУ. ... Ще три тижні тому у владних коридорах обережно обговорювався також варіант призначення лідера Правого сектору заступником голови СБУ, але згодом з невідомих причин ці обговорення припинились.
  28. Olearchyk, Roman (26 February 2014). "Arseniy Yatseniuk poised to become Ukraine prime minister". Financial Times. Retrieved 21 November 2017. Andriy Parubiy, a lawmaker who served as commander of the protest movement’s guards, was chosen to serve as chair of the national security and defence council. Victoria Siumar, a civil society activist, and Dmytro Yarosh, head of Right Sector, a militant protest group, were proposed as his deputies.
  29. Shuster, Simon (1 March 2014). "Many Ukrainians want Russia to invade". Time. Shkiryak, a revolutionary lawmaker involved in the negotiations over Yarosh's role in the government, says the right-wing militant … was offered the role of deputy head of the National Security Council, but rejected it as beneath him.
  30. ДМИТРО ЯРОШ: "ПЕРШИЙ НАСТУПАЛЬНИЙ БІЙ ВІЙНИ ВІДБУВСЯ 20 КВІТНЯ 2014-ГО - ДОБРОВОЛЬЦІ АТАКУВАЛИ БЛОКПОСТ ПІД СЛОВ'ЯНСЬКОМ". Censor.net.ua. 2016-04-22.
  31. "Порошенко лидирует в президентском рейтинге". LB.ua. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  32. (in Ukrainian) Dmytro Yarosh: Putin can die at any moment, Ukrayinska Pravda (15 January 2019)
  33. (in Ukrainian) Candidates and winner for the seat in constituency 39 in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election Archived 23 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, RBK Ukraine
    (in Ukrainian) Yarosh's profile, Verkhovna Rada official website
  34. Justice Ministry registered the party Kolomoisky, Korrespondent.net (18 June 2015)
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  42. CEC counts 100 percent of vote in Ukraine's parliamentary elections, Ukrinform (26 July 2019)
    (in Russian) Results of the extraordinary elections of the People's Deputies of Ukraine 2019, Ukrayinska Pravda (21 July 2019)
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  44. "Practice for a Russian Invasion: Ukrainian Civilians Take Up Arms". Spiegel Online. 16 April 2014.
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  49. Mezzofiore, Gianluca (7 March 2014). "Ukraine's Neo-Fascist Right Sector Leader Dmytro Yarosh to Run for President". International Business Times.
  50. Schwarz, Peter (25 April 2014). "German news site Spiegel Online interviews Ukrainian fascist Yarosh". World Socialist Web Site.
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  60. Wanted by Ukraine, Interpol website accessed 11 November 2015)
  61. "Right Sector leader: Kiev should be ready to sabotage Russian pipelines in Ukraine". RT News. 16 March 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
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