All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"

The All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" (Ukrainian: Всеукраїнське об'єднання "Батьківщина", romanized: Vseukrayins'ke obyednannia "Bat'kivshchyna"), often referred to as Batkivshchyna (Ukrainian: [ˌbɑtʲkʲiu̯ˈʃtʃɪnɐ] (listen)) even in English, is a Ukrainian political party led by Yulia Tymoshenko.[1]

All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"
Batkivshchyna

Всеукраїнське об'єднання "Батьківщина"
LeaderYulia Tymoshenko[1][2]
Founded9 July 1999 (1999-07-09)[3]
HeadquartersKyiv
Youth wingYoung Batkivshchyna[4]
Membership (2020)"tens of thousands"[nb 1]
IdeologyConservatism[6]
Civic nationalism[7]
Pro-Europeanism[8]
Populism[7]
Political positionCentre[9][10] to centre-right[8][11]
Factions:
Centre-left[12]
European affiliationEuropean People's Party (observer)[13][14]
International affiliationInternational Democrat Union[15]
ColoursCrimson
SloganWe Have the Power to Change Everything[16]
Verkhovna Rada
24 / 450
Regions[17]
4,470 / 43,122
Website
ba.org.ua

As the core party of the former Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc, Batkivshchyna has been represented in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) since Yulia Tymoshenko set up the parliamentary faction of the same name in March 1999.[18][19][20] After the November 2011 banning of the participation of blocs of political parties in parliamentary elections,[21] Batkivshchyna became a major force in Ukrainian politics independently.[22]

In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election Batkivshchyna took part under the banner "United opposition Batkivshchyna" and other parties allied with Batkivshchyna. The party list was headed by the leader of the "Front of Changes" Arseniy Yatsenyuk. The list won 62 seats and 25.55 percent of the vote under the (nationwide) proportional party-list system (down from 30.71 percent in 2007 for the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc[23]), and another 39 in constituencies, thus a total of 101 seats.[24] On 15 June 2013 the parties "Front of Changes" and "Reforms and Order" finally merged with the All-Ukrainian Union Batkivshchyna by self-liquidation. By 31 December 2013 the parliamentary faction Batkivshchyna had 90 deputies.[25][22][26][27][28]

Yulia Tymoshenko was imprisoned from 5 August 2011 until 22 February 2014. After the 2014 revolution she was rehabilitated by the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights in the absence of crime structure.[29][30][31][32]

Tymoshenko started reforming the party and Batkivshchyna went into the parliamentary elections of 2014 with new members, the top five of the list included: Nadiya Savchenko, Yulia Tymoshenko, Ihor Lutsenko, Serhiy Sobolev, and Alyona Shkrum. Based on the election results, the party received 19 seats in the Ukrainian parliament: 17 according to party lists and two through the majority system.[33] Until 17 February 2016 the party was a member of the Second Yatsenyuk Government, but it later moved into opposition.[34]

In the snap parliamentary election of 2019 Batkivschyna received 8.18% of the votes and 26 MPs (two elected in constituencies).[35] After a brief support of the Honcharuk Government, the party went into opposition.[36][37]

History

Early history

The predecessor of today's party is the Association of Peace-loving Forces "Batkivshchyna" that was founded in 1995 by Volodymyr Prisnyakov, a rector at Dnipropetrovsk National University.[20] In 1998, Tymoshenko was elected a people's deputy of the Verkhovna Rada from the Bobrynets constituency (number 99) in Kirovohrad Oblast. In spring 1999, Tymoshenko created a parliamentary group called "Fatherland" as a breakaway group of Hromada.[38] On 14 September 1998 the General Prosecutor of Ukraine accused Hromada leader Pavlo Lazarenko of embezzlement, and the following March Tymoshenko established the "Fatherland" parliamentary group.[39][19] On 9 July 1999, based on the parliamentary group and smaller party, a new political party – All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" – was founded its constituent congress.[20] The first party chairman was elected Viktor Drachenko, a former Communist Party secretary from Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.[20] The party was registered by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on 16 September 1999 under certificate no. 122.[23] At the second congress, held on 18 December of the same year, Yulia Tymoshenko was elected chairman of the party, replacing Drachenko.[20]

Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc

In the 2002 parliamentary elections, the party was the main constituent of the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc.[23] The bloc obtained 22 seats in the parliament, all on the party list. Thirteen of them were allocated to "Fatherland".

Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2002 parliamentary elections

Yulia Tymoshenko  · Oleh Bilorus  · Oleksandr Turchynov  · Mykhailo Pavlovsky  · Petro Tolochko
Stepan Khmara  · Serhiy Pravdenko  · Viktor Taran  · Valentyn Zubov  · Yevhen Kyrylchuk

In January 2005, Tymoshenko became Prime Minister of Ukraine under Viktor Yushchenko's presidency.[40][41] Several months earlier, she was a leader in the Orange Revolution which enabled Yushchenko's election.[40][42]

After losing several seats in 2002 and 2003, by September 2005 the bloc had grown to 40 members.[43] In March 2005, the Yabluko party merged with Batkivshchyna.[20] However, in March 2007 Yabluko became the Party of Free Democrats and withdrew from Batkivshchyna.[20] In late 2005, the United Ukraine party also merged with Batkivshchyna.[20] In the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary elections the party was part of the Tymoshenko Bloc,[23] which won 129 of 450 seats in 2006 (22.29 percent of the total vote) and 156 of 450 seats (30.71 percent of the total vote) in 2007.[23]

Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2006 parliamentary elections

Yulia Tymoshenko  · Oleksandr Turchynov  · Mykola Tomenko  · Oleh Bilorus  · Yaroslav Fedorchuk
Andriy Shkil  · Anatoliy Semynoha  · Serhiy Sas  · Viktor Taran  · Valentyn Zubov

Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2007 parliamentary elections

Yulia Tymoshenko  · Oleksandr Turchynov  · Mykola Tomenko  · Yosyp Vinsky  · Hryhoriy Omelchenko
Vitaliy Kurylo  · Oleh Bilorus  · Yaroslav Fedorchuk  · Yevhen Suslov  · Andriy Shkil

Yulia Tymoshenko at a March 2011 meeting of the European People's Party

On 18 December 2007 Yulia Tymoshenko was reelected prime minister by a two-vote margin, making Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc and the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc a majority coalition.[44][45] Since 2008, the party has been an observer member of the European People's Party.[14]

In 2009, "Fatherland" put Tymoshenko forward as a candidate for the presidency of Ukraine. After its defeat in the elections, the parliamentary coalition ceased to exist, and Tymoshenko's cabinet was dismissed. Tymoshenko stated on 22 February 2010 that she would go into opposition.[46][47] During the 2010 Ukrainian local elections party (political blocs were not permitted to compete in the election)[48][49] was defeated by the rival Party of Regions in nearly all regions of Ukraine, although it remained the main opposition party.[50] Although Batkivshchyna won seats in 19 of 24 regional parliaments, it did not win a seat in the Supreme Council of Crimea.[51] In Lviv Oblast and Kyiv Oblast as well as in Ternopil the party did not participate in the elections cause it was unable to register its candidates. Yulia Tymoshenko claimed that "fraudulent Batkivshchyna party organisations were registered on orders from Viktor Yanukovych".[52][53][54]

Batkivshchyna – United Opposition

On 16 November 2010, the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc in the Verkhovna Rada was renamed the Bloc Yulia Tymoshenko-Batkivshchyna.[55] During the presidency of Viktor Yanukovych several criminal cases were opened against Tymoshenko. On 5 August 2011 Tymoshenko was arrested. On 11 October she was sentenced to seven years in prison on charges of abuse of power and official authority when entering into gas contracts with Russia in January 2009. The Danish Helsinki Committee, observing the trial, came to the conclusion that it was politically motivated and included gross violations of the European Convention on Human Rights. In 2010–2013, the European Parliament adopted six resolutions in which the persecution of Tymoshenko was named "politically motivated selective justice".[1][56]

On 17 November 2011, party blocs were again banned in parliamentary elections.[21] The following month, Batkivshchyna and the People's Self-Defense party announced that the latter would merge with the former,[57][58] and on 28 December first deputy head of the party Oleksandr Turchynov said, "I believe that other political forces will join us".[59]

Batkivshchyna, the former Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc member Reforms and Order Party and the People's Movement of Ukraine announced their intention to submit a single party list in the March 2012 parliamentary elections.[60] On 7 April, Arseniy Yatsenyuk announced that the Front for Change party would join them on the single-party list.[61]

Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2012 parliamentary elections[27][62]

Arseniy Yatsenyuk  · Anatoliy Hrytsenko  · Oleksandr Turchynov  · Vyacheslav Kyrylenko  · Hryhoriy Nemyrya
Serhiy Sobolev  · Borys Tarasyuk  · Mykola Tomenko  · Mykola Knyazhytsky  · Mustafa Dzhemilyev

On 6 June 2012, Vyacheslav Kutovy and Volodymyr Kupchak left the party;[63] Kupchak he had been threatened by party leader Yatsenyuk and the party had "betrayed Yulia Tymoshenko, who had sparked the protest movement Rise up, Ukraine!".[64] In July 2012, Batkivshchyna agreed with the Svoboda party on the distribution of single-member district candidates in the 2012 parliamentary elections.[65] Two weeks before 28 October election, Batkivshchyna withdrew 26 parliamentary candidates in favour of the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform (UDAR); UDAR withdrew 26 of its single-seat candidates in favour of Batkivshchyna candidates, attempting to maximise the opposition vote.[66]

Results of the 2012 elections

Batkivshchyna was a de facto umbrella party in the election, whose election list included members of the Reforms and Order, People's Movement of Ukraine, Front for Change, For Ukraine!, People's Self-Defense, Civil Position and Social Christian parties.[67][68][69][70] In July 2012, members of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People joined the list, known as the Fatherland United Opposition.[71] Front for Change leader Arseniy Yatsenyuk headed the list, because Tymoshenko was imprisoned.[27][62] The list won 62 seats and 25.55 percent of the vote under the proportional party-list system (down from 30.71 percent in 2007 for the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc[23]), and another 39 in simple-majority constituencies.[24] Competing in 152 of 225 constituencies,[72] they won a total of 101 seats, 22.67 percent of the 450 seats in the Verkhovna Rada.[24][73] The party lost about two million votes, compared with the results of the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc in the previous election.[22] Yatsenyuk was temporarily elected leader of this parliamentary faction on 12 December 2012.[74] On 19 October 2012, Batkivshchyna and Svoboda signed an agreement for "the creation of a coalition of democratic forces in the new parliament".[75] The party also coordinated its parliamentary activities with UDAR.[76]

In early April 2013 four lawmakers left the party in protest of Yatsenyuk's leadership style, and Roman Stadniychuk was forced to replace Serhiy Vlasenko's parliamentary mandate.[77][78] The following month, Batkivshchyna, UDAR and Svoboda pledged to coordinate for the 2015 Ukrainian presidential election.[79]

2013 unification

In December 2012, the parties which aligned with Batkivshchyna in the 2012 parliamentary elections considered forming a single party.[80] On 15 June 2013, the Reforms and Order Party and the Front for Change merged with Batkivshchyna.[81] A portion of the People's Movement of Ukraine (including former chairman Borys Tarasyuk)[82] also merged. The remainder of the party had merged with the Ukrainian People's Party the previous month.[83][84] During the same congress, the party also approved Tymoshenko's nomination as its candidate for the 2015 Ukrainian presidential election,[2] with all 482 delegates supporting the candidature of Tymoshenko.[85]

Euromaidan and return to government

The party played a substantial role in the anti-government Euromaidan protests, which began in late November 2013 and culminated in 21 February 2014 impeachment of President Viktor Yanukovych after the February 2014 Ukrainian revolution, during which Tymoshenko was released from jail and officially rehabilitated.[86][87][88] Immediately after the revolution, the Ukrainian Supreme Court closed the case and found that "no crime was committed".[29] The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg acknowledged political persecution and torture and stopped studying the criminal cases against Yulia Tymoshenko dated 2011–2014.[89] After Yanukovych's ouster, and return of the 2004 Constitution, a ruling coalition was formed, which included Batkivshchyna, UDAR and Svoboda. This coalition put together a coalition government headed by Arseniy Yatsenyuk.

Yulia Tymoshenko began to reform the party following the revolution. In early August 2014 Batkivshchyna expelled more than 1,500 members, including more than 700 deputies, in a lustration campaign.[90]

The party has its own Batkivshchyna Battalion that has fought in the War in Donbass since May 2014.[91][92]

Post Euromaidan 2014 parliamentary elections and split of People's Front
Results of the 2014 elections
Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2014 parliamentary elections[93]

Nadiya Savchenko  · Yulia Tymoshenko  · Ihor Lutsenko  · Serhiy Sobolev  · Alyona Shkrum
Vadym Ivchenko  · Hryhoriy Nemyria  · Ivan Krulko  · Oleksiy Ryabchyn  · Ihor Zhdanov

See also: People's Front (Ukraine)

On 22 September 2014 the Central Election Commission made the decision to register Batkivshchyna in a nationwide multi-member constituency at the extraordinary elections to the Verkhovna Rada. Batkivshchyna garnered 894,837 votes (5.68%) in the elections, which meant that it was admitted to the 8th convocation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine with 17 seats on party lists, and two seats in majority constituencies.[94] Following the elections the party became a member of the coalition supporting the current second Yatsenyuk Government and had one minister in this government.[95][94]

On 11 December 2014 parliament supported Yulia Tymoshenko's initiative calling for the release of Nadiya Savchenko.[96] On 25 May 2016, Savchencko was exchanged in a prisoner swap for two Russian GRU officers[97] captured by Ukraine.[98] (Technically, she was granted a pardon by president Vladimir Putin.[99])

On 17 February 2016 Batkivshchyna withdrew from the Second Yatsenyuk Government following a vote in the Rada to remove Yatsenyuk from his position, which was rejected by a majority.[34]

The party did not join the coalition that supports the Groysman Government, which was installed on 14 April 2016.[100]

During 17 July 2016 constituency mid-term elections the party won two (extra) seats in the Ukrainian parliament.[101]

On 15 December 2016 Batkivshchyna expelled the number 1 on its 2014 parliamentary election list, Nadiya Savchenko, from its parliamentary faction in response to her earlier meeting with separatist leaders Aleksandr Zakharchenko (of the Donetsk People's Republic) and Igor Plotnitsky (of the Luhansk People's Republic).[102][103] The party saw this meeting as "negotiations with terrorists" and "adamantly opposed" it.[102]

2015 local elections

According to the Central Election Commission, the results of local elections in 2015 resulted in the All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" party placing second in Ukraine. "Fatherland" will be represented 8016 deputies in local councils, and by 369 deputies as heads of villages, towns and cities. In comparison to the 2014 parliamentary elections, "Fatherland" was able to increase its representation by 250%.[104][105][106]

2016–2017 local elections

In 2016–2017 Ukraine held local elections in united territorial communities. According to the results of four big local elections "Batkivshchyna" took premier place among political parties (number of local deputies elected to local councils).

According to Central Electoral Committee of Ukraine on elections to local councils held on 11 December 2016, "Batkivshchyna" got 14.34% of votes (120 deputies);[107] on 18 December 2016 – 16.17% (515 deputies);[108] on 30 April 2017 – 17.99% (197 deputies);[109] on 29 October 2017 – 20.33% (901 deputies).[110]

2019 presidential election and parliamentary election

In the presidential election of March 2019 Yulia Timoshenko stood as presidential candidate for the All Ukrainian Union "Fatherland", scoring 13.40% (2,532,452 votes) and not reaching the second turn. She did not endorse either Zelensky or Poroshenko.

Results of the 2019 elections

In the July 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election the top 5 of the party list were Tymoshenko, Serhiy Taruta, Valentyn Nalyvaichenko, Serhiy Sobolyev and Olena Kondratyuk.[111] In early June, Tymoshenko announced that the party will not be part of opposition to President Zelensky if it is not included in the ruling coalition formed after the next elections.[112] In the snap parliamentary election of 2019 Batkivschyna slightly improved its performance, scoring 8.18% (1,196,303) and electing 26 MPs.[35] The party abstained from the confidence vote to the new Honcharuk Government, but ensured it would support the government from outside. However, on 13 November 2019, the party went into opposition.[36]

Top 10 Batkivshchyna candidates in the 2019 parliamentary elections[113]

Yulia Tymoshenko  · Serhiy Taruta  · Valentyn Nalyvaichenko  · Serhiy Sobolev  · Olena Kondratiuk
Ivan Kyrylenko  · Andriy Kozhemyakin  · Hryhoriy Nemyria  · Serhiy Vlasenko  · Valeriy Dubil

Ideology and stances

The party manifesto claims that it seeks to instill in Ukraine national, democratic, and Christian values, held together through reformation, spirituality, patriotism, national solidarity, responsibility, rights and freedoms. The party advocates transforming Ukraine into a competitive nation-state based on a western Europe model of justice and welfare.[114]

According to the party, only citizens of Ukraine will have the right to private ownership of land, but that "high concentration of land ownership by one person" will be forbidden.[115]

The party sees Ukrainian membership in the European Union (EU) as a strategic goal.[115][116] It favors visa-free travel for Ukrainians to the EU and wants to "cancel humiliating visa regimes".[115] It would like to see "a mutually beneficial and equitable agreement on the establishment of free trade with Russia".[115] In June 2013, the party's parliamentary faction voted for the denunciation of the 2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty.[nb 2][118]

The party's 2012 election program did not mention NATO,[119] but its 2014 program stated that the party wants to annul Ukraine's non-aligned status[120] and that it wants Ukraine to become a member of NATO.[121]

The party wants to prosecute "Law enforcement involved in political repression".[119]

The party is in favor of party-list proportional representation elections with open lists.[115][119][122] It also favors citizens' initiatives when 50,000 signatures are collected.[115] The party wants to empower local governance.[115]

The party also states that government grants should be awarded to graduates who successfully passed testing for studies at Ukrainian universities.[115]

It proposes a health system that has mandatory health inspections and gradual development of a voluntary health insurance system funded by employers.[115]

The party wants to introduce jury trials into the Ukrainian law system and wants to "depoliticise" the process of appointment of judges.[115] It also wants an independent judiciary that will increase the role of the Supreme Court of Ukraine.[119] The Constitutional Court of Ukraine, "which has compromised itself with decisions that were ordered (by the Yanukovych administration)" should be liquidated.[119] It wants the criminal code to be "Europeanized" and law enforcement brought under civil control.[119]

The party wants to improve human rights in Ukraine.[115][116]

The party regards the Holodomor as a genocide of the Ukrainian nation.[116]

Before their removal of power in February 2014 the party sought to impeach former Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych and his "anti-people regime" to "return Ukraine to the path of European integration",[119] while trying to reverse the former Azarov Government policy of raising the status of the Russian language.[123]

On 15 May 2016, "Fatherland" prepared a statement in the name of the new Prosecutor General in connection with offenses in the activities of the National Commission, which performs state regulation in the energy and utilities relative to the unjustified increase of gas prices for the population.[124]

On 23 May 2016 All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" launched a website called "Fair rates", which promotes the idea of establishing fair gas tariffs for the population.[125][126]

In the parliament, Batkivshchyna advocates ban on agricultural land[127] sales. The party also insists on adopting laws on development of Ukrainian agriculture. On 31 March 2016, Parliament adopted the law on family farms[128] initiated by the party Batkivshchyna.

One of the party's priorities is improvement of social security of people, increasing of social standards.

The party advocates decreasing of tariffs on housing and utility services for people, because they are set up too high artificially. On 21 April 2015 Yulia Tymoshenko initiated a working group to check the validity of utility tariffs.[129] "Fatherland" party has made the reduction of tariffs for housing and communal services.[130]

Batkivshchyna advocates strengthening the struggle against corruption, namely deoffshorization[131] and independence of anti-corruption government bodies.[132]

The party is also against selling and privatization of the state's strategic objects.[133][134]

Associated and merged parties

Associated in electoral block

Merged

Election results

Verkhovna Rada
Year Votes % Position Seats won +/- Government
2002 With Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc 5th
22 / 450
 Opposition (2002–2005)
Leading government (2005)
Opposition (2005–2006)
2006 With Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc 2nd
129 / 450
 107 Opposition
2007 With Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc 2nd
156 / 450
 27 Leading government (2007–2010)
Opposition (2010–2012)
2012 5,208,402 25.54% 2nd
101 / 450
 55 Opposition
2014 893,549 5.68% 6th
19 / 450
 82 Coalition government (2014–2015)
Opposition (2015–2019)
2019 1,158,189 8.18% 3rd
26 / 450
 7 External support (2019)
Opposition (since November 2019)[36]

Presidential elections
Year Candidate First round Second round Won/Loss
Votes % Rank Votes %
2004 Supported Viktor Yushchenko
2010 Yulia Tymoshenko 6,159,610 25.05% 2nd 11,593,357 45.47% Loss
2014 Yulia Tymoshenko 2,310,050 12.81% 2nd Not held Loss
2019 Yulia Tymoshenko 2,532,452 13.40% 3rd Eliminated Loss

See also
  • Category:All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland" politicians

Notes
  1. According to the party.[5]
  2. In June 2013 Ukraine's First Deputy Foreign Minister Ruslan Demchenko stated a unilateral denunciation of the 2010 Ukrainian–Russian Naval Base for Natural Gas treaty was not possible from a legal point of view.[117]

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