Eumastacidae
Eumastacidae are a family of grasshoppers sometimes known as monkey- or matchstick grasshoppers. They usually have thin legs that are held folded at right angles to the body, sometimes close to the horizontal plane. Many species are wingless and the head is at an angle with the top of the head often jutting above the line of the thorax and abdomen. They have three segmented tarsi and have a short antenna with a knobby organ at the tip. They do not have a prosternal spine or tympanum. Most species are tropical and the diversity is greater in the Old World. They are considered primitive within the Orthoptera and feed on algae, ferns and gymnosperms, the more ancient plant groups.[1]
| Eumastacidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Eumastax sp. from Colombia showing typical posture | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Superfamily: | Eumastacoidea |
| Family: | Eumastacidae Burr, 1898 |
| Subfamilies | |
| |
The families Chorotypidae and Morabidae were formerly included in this group as subfamilies but are now considered as families within the Eumastacoidea. With the exception of the central Asian Gomphomastacinae, all other subfamilies are restricted to South America.[2]
Genera
The Orthoptera Species File lists the following:[3]
- Eumastacinae Burr, 1899 - central and south America
- Andeomastax Descamps, 1979
- Araguamastax Descamps, 1982
- Beomastax Descamps, 1979
- Caenomastax Hebard, 1923
- Erythromastax Descamps, 1971
- Eumastax Burr, 1899
- Helicomastax Rowell & Bentos-Pereira, 2001
- Homeomastax Descamps, 1979
- Hysteromastax Descamps, 1979
- Phryganomastax Descamps, 1982
- Santanderia Hebard, 1923
- Sciaphilomastax Descamps, 1979
- Zeromastax Porras, 2007
- Gomphomastacinae Burr, 1899 - India, central and north-eastern Asia
- Afghanomastax Descamps, 1974
- Brachymastax Ramme, 1939
- Clinomastax Bei-Bienko, 1949
- Gomphomastax Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898
- Gyabus Özdikmen, 2008
- Myrmeleomastax Yin, 1984
- Nepalomastax Yamasaki, 1983
- Oreomastax Bei-Bienko, 1949
- Paedomastax Bolívar, 1930
- Pentaspinula Yin, 1982
- Phytomastax Bei-Bienko, 1949
- Ptygomastax Bei-Bienko, 1959
- Sinomastax Yin, 1984
- Masynteinae Descamps, 1973 - Cuba
- Masyntes Karsch, 1889
- Morseinae Rehn, 1948 - Americas
- Daguerreacridini Descamps, 1973
- Daguerreacris Descamps & Liebermann, 1970
- Morseini Rehn, 1948
- Psychomastacini Descamps, 1973
- Psychomastax Rehn & Hebard, 1918
- Daguerreacridini Descamps, 1973
- Paramastacinae Rehn & Grant Jr., 1958 - south America
- Paramastax Burr, 1899
- Parepisactinae Descamps, 1971 - south America
- Chapadamastax Descamps, 1979
- Parepisactus Giglio-Tos, 1898
- Pseudomastacinae Rehn & Grant Jr., 1958 - south America
- Pseudomastax Bolívar, 1914
- Temnomastacinae Rehn & Grant Jr., 1958 - south America
- Eumastacopini Descamps, 1973
- Arawakella Rehn & Rehn, 1942
- Bahiamastax Descamps, 1979
- Eumastacops Rehn & Rehn, 1942
- Maripa Descamps & Amédégnato, 1970
- Pareumastacops Descamps, 1979
- Pseudeumastacops Descamps, 1974
- Tachiramastax Descamps, 1974
- Temnomastacini Rehn & Grant, 1958
- Eutemnomastax Descamps, 1979
- Temnomastax Rehn & Rehn, 1942
- Eumastacopini Descamps, 1973
- Undetermined subfamily
- Acutacris Dirsh, 1965 - Madagascar
- Angulomastax Zheng, 1985 - central Asia
- Pseudosavalania Demirsoy, 1973
- †Archaeomastax Sharov, 1968
- †Taphacris Cockerell, 1926
References
- Capinera, John L. (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology. Springer. pp. 1699–1700. ISBN 9781402062421.
- S. Matt; P. K. Flook; C. H. F. Rowell (2008). "A Partial Molecular Phylogeny of the Eumastacoidea s. lat. (Orthoptera, Caelifera)" (PDF). Journal of Orthoptera Research. 17 (1): 43–55. doi:10.1665/1082-6467(2008)17[43:apmpot]2.0.co;2.
- Orthoptera Species File (retrieved 14 January 2018)