Gryllacrididae

Gryllacrididae are a family of non-jumping insects in the suborder Ensifera occurring worldwide, known commonly as leaf-rolling crickets or raspy crickets. The family historically has been broadly defined to include what are presently several other families, such as Stenopelmatidae ("Jerusalem crickets") and Rhaphidophoridae ("camel crickets"),[1] now considered separate. As presently defined, the family contains two subfamilies: Gryllacridinae and Hyperbaeninae.[2] They are commonly wingless and nocturnal. In the daytime, most species rest in shelters made from folded leaves sewn with silk. Some species use silk to burrow in sand, earth or wood.[3] Raspy crickets evolved the ability to produce silk independently from other insects, but their silk has many convergent features to silkworm silk, being made of long, repetitive proteins with an extended beta-sheet structure.[4]

Gryllacrididae
Hyalogryllacris sp. fabricating silk
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Orthoptera
Suborder: Ensifera
Superfamily: Stenopelmatoidea
Family: Gryllacrididae
Blanchard, 1845
Subfamilies

These are predators of other insects and spiders.[5]

Subfamilies, Tribes & selected Genera

The Orthoptera Species File[2] lists two subfamilies:

Gryllacridinae
tribe Ametrini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019
tribe Ametroidini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019
tribe Eremini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019
  • Eremus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888
tribe Gryllacridini Blanchard, 1845

Hyperbaeninae
tribe Asarcogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019
tribe Capnogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019
tribe Hyperbaenini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019
  • Hyperbaenus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 – type genus for subfamily
tribe Paragryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019
tribe Phryganogryllacridini Cadena-Castañeda, 2019

Fossil Taxa (unplaced)
  • Plesiolarnaca †
  • Pseudogryllacris †
  • Xenogryllacris † - X. reductus Riek, 1955

Note: The genus Lezina of the subfamily Lezininae is now placed in the family Anostostomatidae.

References
  1. Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (2003). "Phylogeny and the evolution of acoustic communication in extant Ensifera (Insecta, Orthoptera)" (PDF). Zoologica Scripta. 32: 525–561. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00142.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-12.
  2. Orthoptera Species File: family Gryllacrididae Blanchard, 1845 (version 5.0: retrieved 19 July 2019)
  3. Rentz, D.C.F.; John, B. (1990). "Studies in Australian Gryllacrididae: taxonomy, biology, ecology and cytology". Invertebrate taxonomy. 3: 1052–1210. doi:10.1071/IT9891053.
  4. Walker AA, Weisman S, Church JS, Merritt DJ, Mudie ST, Sutherland TD (2012). "Silk from Crickets: A New Twist on Spinning". PLoS ONE. 7: e30408. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030408. PMC 3280245. PMID 22355311.
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