First Van Agt cabinet

First Van Agt cabinet
*Van Agt–Wiegel cabinet*
First Van Agt cabinet ; Van Agt–Wiegel cabinet
	; 56th Cabinet of the Netherlands
	Installation of the cabinet by Queen Juliana at Soestdijk Palace on 19 December 1977
Date formed	19 December 1977
Date dissolved	11 September 1981 ; 3 years, 266 days in office ; (Demissionary from 26 May 1981)
People and organisations
Monarch	Queen Juliana (1977–1980) ; Queen Beatrix (1980–1981)
Prime Minister	Dries van Agt
Deputy Prime Minister	Hans Wiegel
No. of ministers	17
Total no. of members	21
Member party	Christian Democratic Appeal ; (CDA) ; People's Party for ; Freedom and Democracy ; (VVD)
Status in legislature	Centre-right ; Majority government
Opposition party	Labour Party
Opposition leader	Joop den Uyl
History
Election(s)	1977 election
Outgoing election	1981 election
Legislature term(s)	1977–1981
Incoming formation	1977 formation
Outgoing formation	1981 formation
Predecessor	Den Uyl cabinet
Successor	Second Van Agt cabinet

The First Van Agt cabinet, also called the Van Agt–Wiegel cabinet was the executive branch of the Dutch Government from 19 December 1977 until 11 September 1981. The cabinet was formed by the christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) after the election of 1977. The cabinet was a centre-right coalition and had a slim majority in the House of Representatives with Christian Democratic Leader Dries van Agt serving as Prime Minister. Liberal Leader Hans Wiegel served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior.

The cabinet served in the final years of the radical 1970s and the early years of the economic expansion of the 1980s. Domestically it had to deal with the last days of the counterculture, the abdication of Queen Juliana and the installation of Queen Beatrix, a growing inflation following the recession in the 1980s but it was able to implement several major social reforms to the public sector and civil reforms and stimulating deregulation and privatization. Internationally it had to deal with the 1979 oil crisis and the fallout of the increasing international stand against Apartheid in South Africa. The cabinet suffered several major internal and external conflicts including multiple cabinet resignations, including a informal caucus of several Christian Democrats in the House of Representatives that only supported the cabinet in a confidence and supply construction, but it was able to complete its entire term and was succeeded by the Second Van Agt cabinet following the election of 1981.[1][2][3]

Formation

After the 1977 general election the Labour Party (PvdA) of incumbent Prime Minister Joop den Uyl was the winner of the election which won ten new seats and had now a total of 53 seats. The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) of Hans Wiegel won six seats and had now 28 seats. The Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) participated for the first time as the combined party Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) with Dries van Agt as its new Leader. This electoral fusion resulted in one new seat and now had a total of 49 seats in the House of Representatives. A long negotiation between the Labour Party and Christian Democratic Appeal followed. Both parties had come out of the elections as equal partners. The negotiations were troubled by the personal animosity between incumbent Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party Joop den Uyl and the Leader of the Christian Democratic Appeal Dries van Agt. Van Agt who served as Deputy Prime Minister under Den Uyl his cabinet had a bad working relationship. In the end Van Agt found that the demands of the Den Uyl were too great and instead he formed a coalition with the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy.

Term

The cabinet had to deal with a major economic depression, but refused to cut government spending due to fierce left-wing opposition in the parliament, which had nearly half of the seats. Many left-wing demonstrations were held on the street against the government. Notorious were the harsh demonstrations in Amsterdam during the crowning of Queen Beatrix and the squatting riots. There was a sharp increase in unemployment and the government was seen to have created too much debt.

Changes

On 5 March 1978 Minister of Defence Roelof Kruisinga (CHU) resigned in-protest after the cabinet decided to not publicly condemn the United States for further developing the Neutron bomb. Minister for Development Cooperation Jan de Koning (ARP) served as acting Minister of Defence until 8 March 1978 when Member of the Council of State Willem Scholten (CHU) was appointed as his successor.

On 1 April 1979 Minister for Science Policy Rinus Peijnenburg (KVP) unexpectedly died from a heart attack at the age of 51. Minister of Health and Environment Leendert Ginjaar (VVD) served as acting Minister for Science Policy until 3 May 1979 when Ton van Trier, who until then had been working as a professor of electrical engineering at the Eindhoven University of Technology was installed as his successor. Ton van Trier an Independent Christian Democrat joined the Catholic People's Party that same month.

On 22 February 1980 Minister of Finance Frans Andriessen (KVP) resigned after disagreeing with the cabinets decision to not implement a stronger austerity policy. State Secretary for Finance Ad Nooteboom (CHU) declares his solidarity with Frans Andriessen and also resigned that same day. Minister of Economic Affairs Gijs van Aardenne (VVD) served as acting Minister of Finance until 5 March 1980 when Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries Fons van der Stee (KVP) was appointed as Minister of Finance. That same day Member of the House of Representatives Gerrit Braks (KVP) was installed as Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries. On 16 April 1980 Member of the House of Representatives Marius van Amelsvoort (KVP) was appointed as State Secretary for Finance.

On 25 August 1980 Minister of Defence Willem Scholten (CHU) resigned after he was appointed Vice-President of the Council of State. That same day former naval officer Pieter de Geus (CHU), who until then had been working as a top official at the Ministry of Defence was appointed as his successor.

On 1 September 1981 ten days before the new cabinet took office Minister for Housing and Spatial Planning Pieter Beelaerts van Blokland (CDA) resigned after he had been appointed Mayor of Apeldoorn. Minister of Transport and Water Management Dany Tuijnman (VVD) took over the position until the new cabinet was installed on 11 September 1981.

Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles Boy Rozendal and Deputy Prime Minister Hans Wiegel at a press conference in The Hague on 26 January 1978.

Minister of Foreign Affairs Chris van der Klaauw, President of the European Commission Roy Jenkins and Prime Minister Dries van Agt at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on 21 March 1978.

Prime Minister of Greece Konstantinos Karamanlis and Prime Minister Dries van Agt at Athens International Airport on 5 April 1978.

Prime Minister Dries van Agt and Spanish Minister for European Relations Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo at the Ministry of General Affairs on 17 May 1978.

Indonesian Minister for Economics Widjojo Nitisastro and Minister for Development Cooperation Jan de Koning at an GGI conference in The Hague on 22 May 1978.

Prime Minister Dries van Agt and German Christian Democratic Leader Helmut Kohl at the Ministry of General Affairs on 13 September 1978.

President of the Gambia Dawda Jawara and Minister for Development Cooperation Jan de Koning in Amsterdam on 21 November 1978.

Vice President of the United States Walter Mondale Second Lady Joan Mondale, Prime Minister Dries van Agt and Eugenie van Agt at the Catshuis on 21 April 1979.

Minister for Development Cooperation Jan de Koning, President of Bangladesh Ziaur Rahman and Prime Minister Dries van Agt at the Ministry of General Affairs on 23 April 1979.

Prime Minister Dries van Agt and Secretary General of NATO Joseph Luns at a NATO conference in The Hague on 30 May 1979.

Prime Minister Dries van Agt and President of Kenya Daniel arap Moi at Airport Schiphol on 19 June 1979.

President of Cameroon Ahmadou Ahidjo and Deputy Prime Minister Hans Wiegel at the Catshuis on 5 July 1979.

Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Sunao Sonoda and Minister of Foreign Affairs Chris van der Klaauw at Airport Schiphol on 31 July 1979.

Soviet Ambassador Vasily Tolstikov and Minister of Foreign Affairs Chris van der Klaauw at the Ministry of the Interior on 23 January 1980.

Prime Minister Dries van Agt, French Minister of Foreign Affairs Jean François-Poncet and Prime Minister of France Raymond Barre at the Catshuis on 18 March 1980.

President of Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana and Prime Minister Dries van Agt at the Catshuis on 13 May 1980.

Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs Yitzhak Shamir and Minister of Foreign Affairs Chris van der Klaauw at Airport Schiphol on 5 June 1980.

Thai Minister of Foreign Affairs Siddhi Savetsila and Prime Minister Dries van Agt at the Catshuis on 24 September 1980.

President of the European Commission Gaston Thorn and Prime Minister Dries van Agt at the Catshuis on 22 October 1980.

Minister of Foreign Affairs Chris van der Klaauw, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher and Prime Minister Dries van Agt at the Catshuis on 6 February 1981.

Queen Beatrix, Prime Minister Dries van Agt, Princess Margriet, Chancellor of West-Germany Helmut Schmidt, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher and President of France Valéry Giscard d'Estaing at a European Council conference in Maastricht on 23 March 1981.

Prime Minister of Japan Zenkō Suzuki and Prime Minister Dries van Agt at the Binnenhof on 18 June 1981.

Cabinet Members

Ministers		Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)			Term of office	Party
	Dries van Agt (born 1931)	Prime Minister	General Affairs		19 December 1977 – 4 November 1982 ^[Continued]	Catholic People's Party
	Dries van Agt (born 1931)	Prime Minister	General Affairs		19 December 1977 – 4 November 1982 ^[Continued]	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Hans Wiegel (born 1941)	Deputy Prime Minister	Interior		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Hans Wiegel (born 1941)	Minister	Interior		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Dr. Chris van der Klaauw (1924–2005)	Minister	Foreign Affairs		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Frans Andriessen (1929–2019)	Minister	Finance		19 December 1977 – 22 February 1980 ^[Res]	Catholic People's Party
	Gijs van Aardenne (1930–1995)				22 February 1980 – 5 March 1980 ^{[Ad Interim]}	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Fons van der Stee (1928–1999)				5 March 1980 – 4 November 1982 ^[Continued]	Catholic People's Party
	Fons van der Stee (1928–1999)				5 March 1980 – 4 November 1982 ^[Continued]	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Dr. Job de Ruiter (1930–2015)	Minister	Justice		19 December 1977 – 4 November 1982 ^[Continued]	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Dr. Job de Ruiter (1930–2015)	Minister	Justice		19 December 1977 – 4 November 1982 ^[Continued]	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Gijs van Aardenne (1930–1995)	Minister	Economic Affairs		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Dr. Roelof Kruisinga (1922–2012)	Minister	Defence		19 December 1977 – 4 March 1978 ^[Res]	Christian Historical Union
	Jan de Koning (1926–1994)				4 March 1978 – 8 March 1978 ^{[Ad Interim]}	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Willem Scholten (1927–2005)				8 March 1978 – 25 August 1980 ^[App]	Christian Historical Union
	Captain Pieter de Geus (1929–2004)				25 August 1980 – 11 September 1981	Christian Historical Union
	Captain Pieter de Geus (1929–2004)				25 August 1980 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Dr. Leendert Ginjaar (1928–2003)	Minister	Health and Environment		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Dr. Wil Albeda (1925–2014)	Minister	Social Affairs		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Dr. Wil Albeda (1925–2014)	Minister	Social Affairs		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Dr. Arie Pais (born 1930)	Minister	Education and Sciences		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Dany Tuijnman (1915–1992)	Minister	Transport and Water Management		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Fons van der Stee (1928–1999)	Minister	Agriculture and Fisheries		1 November 1973 – 5 March 1980 ^[Retained] ^[App]	Catholic People's Party
	Gerrit Braks (1933–2017)				5 March 1980 – 11 September 1981	Catholic People's Party
	Gerrit Braks (1933–2017)				5 March 1980 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Jonkheer Pieter Beelaerts van Blokland (born 1932)	Minister	Housing and Spatial Planning		19 December 1977 – 1 September 1981 ^[App]	Christian Historical Union
	Jonkheer Pieter Beelaerts van Blokland (born 1932)				19 December 1977 – 1 September 1981 ^[App]	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Dany Tuijnman (1915–1992)				1 September 1981 – 11 September 1981 ^{[Ad Interim]}	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Til Gardeniers- Berendsen (1925–2019)	Minister	Culture, Recreation and Social Work		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Catholic People's Party
	Til Gardeniers- Berendsen (1925–2019)	Minister	Culture, Recreation and Social Work		19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
Ministers without portfolio		Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)			Term of office	Party
	Fons van der Stee (1928–1999)	Minister	Interior	• Netherlands Antilles Affairs	19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Catholic People's Party
	Fons van der Stee (1928–1999)	Minister	Interior	• Netherlands Antilles Affairs	19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Jan de Koning (1926–1994)	Minister	Foreign Affairs	• Development Cooperation	19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Jan de Koning (1926–1994)	Minister	Foreign Affairs	• Development Cooperation	19 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Rinus Peijnenburg (1928–1979)	Minister	Education and Sciences	• Science Policy	19 December 1977 – 1 April 1979 ^[Died]	Catholic People's Party
	Dr. Leendert Ginjaar (1928–2003)				1 April 1979 – 3 May 1979 ^[Acting]	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Dr. Ton van Trier (1926–1983)				3 May 1979 – 11 September 1981	Independent Christian Democratic Catholic
						Catholic People's Party
						Christian Democratic Appeal
State Secretaries		Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)			Term of office	Party
	Henk Koning (1933–2016)	State Secretary	Interior	• Municipalities • Civil Service	28 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Durk van der Mei (1924–2018)	State Secretary	Foreign Affairs	• European Union • Benelux	28 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Christian Historical Union
	Durk van der Mei (1924–2018)	State Secretary	Foreign Affairs	• European Union • Benelux	28 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Ad Nooteboom (born 1928)	State Secretary	Finance	• Fiscal Policy • Tax and Customs • Governmental Budget	28 December 1977 – 22 February 1980 ^[Res]	Christian Historical Union
	Marius van Amelsvoort (1930–2006)				16 April 1980 – 11 September 1981	Catholic People's Party
	Marius van Amelsvoort (1930–2006)				16 April 1980 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Bert Haars (1913–1997)	State Secretary	Justice	• Immigration and Asylum • Judicial Reform • Youth Justice • Penitentiaries	28 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Christian Historical Union
	Bert Haars (1913–1997)	State Secretary	Justice		28 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Ted Hazekamp (1926–1987)	State Secretary	Economic Affairs	• Small and Medium-sized Businesses • Regional Development • Consumer Protection	11 May 1973 – 11 September 1981 ^[Retained]	Catholic People's Party
	Ted Hazekamp (1926–1987)				11 May 1973 – 11 September 1981 ^[Retained]	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Has Beyen (1923–2002)			• Trade and Export	9 January 1978 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Brigadier general Cees van Lent (1922–2000)	State Secretary	Defence	• Human Resources	11 March 1974 – 11 September 1981 ^[Retained]	Catholic People's Party
	Brigadier general Cees van Lent (1922–2000)			• Human Resources	11 March 1974 – 11 September 1981 ^[Retained]	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Dr. Wim van Eekelen (born 1931)			• Equipment • Justice	20 January 1978 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Els Veder-Smit (1921–2020)	State Secretary	Health and Environment	• Primary Healthcare • Elderly Care • Disability Policy • Medical Ethics • Food Policy	3 January 1978 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Louw de Graaf (1930–2020)	State Secretary	Social Affairs	• Social Security • Occupational Safety	28 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Louw de Graaf (1930–2020)	State Secretary	Social Affairs	• Social Security • Occupational Safety	28 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Klaas de Jong (1926–2011)	State Secretary	Education and Sciences	• Secondary Education	1 September 1975 – 11 September 1981 ^[Retained]	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Klaas de Jong (1926–2011)			• Secondary Education	1 September 1975 – 11 September 1981 ^[Retained]	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Ad Hermes (1929–2002)			• Primary Education	9 January 1978 – 4 November 1982 ^[Continued]	Catholic People's Party
	Ad Hermes (1929–2002)			• Primary Education	9 January 1978 – 4 November 1982 ^[Continued]	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Neelie Kroes (born 1941)	State Secretary	Transport and Water Management	• Public Infrastructure • Public Transport • Rail Transport • Water Management • Postal Service • Weather Forecasting	28 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy
	Gerrit Brokx (1933–2002)	State Secretary	Housing and Spatial Planning	• Public Housing • Urban Planning	28 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Catholic People's Party
	Gerrit Brokx (1933–2002)	State Secretary	Housing and Spatial Planning	• Public Housing • Urban Planning	28 December 1977 – 11 September 1981	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Jeltien Kraaijeveld- Wouters (born 1932)	State Secretary	Culture, Recreation and Social Work	• Unemployment • Equality • Emancipation	28 December 1977 – 9 September 1981 ^[Res]	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Jeltien Kraaijeveld- Wouters (born 1932)			• Unemployment • Equality • Emancipation	28 December 1977 – 9 September 1981 ^[Res]	Christian Democratic Appeal
	Gerard Wallis de Vries (1936–2018)			• Social Services • Environmental Policy • Nature • Media • Culture • Art • Recreation • Sport	4 January 1978 – 11 September 1981	People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

^Resigned

^{Retained from the previous cabinet}

^{Continued in the next cabinet}

^{Ad Interim}

^Acting

^{Died in Office}

^{Appointed as Vice-President of the Council of State}

^{Appointed as Minister of Finance}

^{Appointed as Mayor of Apeldoorn}

Trivia

Eleven cabinet members had previous experience as scholars or professors: Dries van Agt (Criminal Law and Procedure), Chris van der Klaauw (International Relations), Job de Ruiter (Civil Law), Roelof Kruisinga (Otorhinolaryngology), Leendert Ginjaar (Chemistry), Wil Albeda (Social Economics and Labour Law), Arie Pais (Public Economics), Dany Tuijnman (Agronomy), Ton van Trier (Electrical Engineering), Ad Nooteboom (Fiscal Law) and Wim van Eekelen (Political Science).
Five cabinet members (later) served as Mayors: Gerrit Braks (Eindhoven), Pieter Beelaerts van Blokland (Wolphaartsdijk, Vianen, Amstelveen, Apeldoorn and Hengelo), Bert Haars (Kockengen), Gerrit Brokx (Tilburg) and Jeltien Kraaijeveld-Wouters (Hilversum).
Four cabinet members (later) served as Party Leaders and Lijsttrekkers: Dries van Agt (1976–1982) of the Christian Democratic Appeal, Hans Wiegel (1971–1982) of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Frans Andriessen (1971–1977) of the Catholic People's Party and Roelof Kruisinga (1973–1977) of the Christian Historical Union.
Four cabinet members (later) served as Queen's Commissioners: Dries van Agt (North Brabant), Hans Wiegel (Friesland) and Pieter Beelaerts van Blokland (Utrecht).
Three cabinet members (later) served as on the Council of State: Jan de Koning (1990–1994), Willem Scholten (1976–1978, 1980–1997) and Til Gardeniers-Berendsen (1983–1995).
Two cabinet members would later serve as European Commissioners: Frans Andriessen (1981–1993) and Neelie Kroes (2004–2014).

References

"Partij of Principes - De dissidenten binnen het kabinet Van Agt/Wiegel" (in Dutch). Andere Tijden. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
(in Dutch) Dries van Agt (1931), Absolutefacts.nl, 10 December 2008
(in Dutch) Wiegel houdt belofte van terugkeer levend, Trouw, 24 February 2005

External links

Official

(in Dutch) Kabinet-Van Agt I Parlement & Politiek
(in Dutch) Kabinet-Van Agt I Rijksoverheid

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[1] "Partij of Principes - De dissidenten binnen het kabinet Van Agt/Wiegel" (in Dutch). Andere Tijden. 23 September 2010. Retrieved 16 February 2018.

[2] (in Dutch) Dries van Agt (1931), Absolutefacts.nl, 10 December 2008

[3] (in Dutch) Wiegel houdt belofte van terugkeer levend, Trouw, 24 February 2005

[Continued]

[Res]

[Ad Interim

[App]

[Retained]

[App]

[App]

[Died]

[Acting]

First Van Agt cabinet (1977–1981)
Preceded by: Den Uyl cabinet Succeeded by: Second Van Agt cabinet
Prime Minister	Dries van Agt (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Minister	Hans Wiegel (Interior)
Ministers	Chris van der Klaauw (Foreign Affairs) Frans Andriessen (Finance) (1977–1980) Gijs van Aardenne (Finance) (Ad interim) Fons van der Stee (Finance and Netherlands Antilles Affairs) (from 1980) Job de Ruiter (Justice) Gijs van Aardenne (Economic Affairs) Roelof Kruisinga (Defence) (1977–1978) Jan de Koning (Defence) (Ad interim) Willem Scholten (Defence) (1978–1980) Pieter de Geus (Defence) (from 1980) Leendert Ginjaar (Health and Environment) Wil Albeda (Social Affairs) Arie Pais (Education and Sciences) Dany Tuijnman (Transport and Water Management) Fons van der Stee (Agriculture and Fisheries and Netherlands Antilles Affairs) (1977–1980) Gerrit Braks (Agriculture and Fisheries) (from 1980) Pieter Beelaerts van Blokland (Housing and Spatial Planning) (1977–1981) Dany Tuijnman (Housing and Spatial Planning) (from 1981) (Ad interim) Til Gardeniers-Berendsen (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)
Ministers without portfolio	Jan de Koning (Development Cooperation) Rinus Peijnenburg (Science Policy) (1977–1979) (†) Leendert Ginjaar (Science Policy) (Ad interim) Ton van Trier (Science Policy) (from 1979)
State Secretaries	Henk Koning (Interior) Durk van der Mei (Foreign Affairs) Ad Nooteboom (Finance) (1977–1980) Marius van Amelsvoort (Finance) (from 1980) Bert Haars (Justice) Ted Hazekamp (Economic Affairs) Has Beyen (Economic Affairs) Cees van Lent (Defence) Wim van Eekelen (Defence) Els Veder-Smit (Health and Environment) Louw de Graaf (Social Affairs) Klaas de Jong (Education and Sciences) Ad Hermes (Education and Sciences) Neelie Kroes (Transport and Water Management) Gerrit Brokx (Housing and Spatial Planning) Jeltien Kraaijeveld-Wouters (Culture, Recreation and Social Work) Gerard Wallis de Vries (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)