Grace Kelly

Grace Patricia Kelly (November 12, 1929 – September 14, 1982) was an American film actress who, after starring in several significant films in the early to mid-1950s, became Princess of Monaco by marrying Prince Rainier III in April 1956.

"Grace of Monaco" redirects here. For the 2014 film, see Grace of Monaco (film).
This article is about the American actress and the Princess of Monaco. For other uses, see Grace Kelly (disambiguation).

Grace Kelly
Publicity photograph from c. 1955
Princess consort of Monaco
TenureApril 18, 1956 – September 14, 1982
BornGrace Patricia Kelly
(1929-11-12)November 12, 1929
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedSeptember 14, 1982(1982-09-14) (aged 52)
Monaco Hospital, La Colle, Monaco
BurialSeptember 18, 1982
Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate, Monaco-Ville, Monaco
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1956)​
Issue
HouseGrimaldi (by marriage)
FatherJohn B. Kelly Sr.
MotherMargaret Majer
ReligionRoman Catholic
Signature
OccupationActress
Years active1950–1956
Works
See list
Awards

After graduating from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in 1949, she began appearing in New York City theatrical productions and more than 40 episodes of live drama productions broadcast during the early 1950s Golden Age of Television. In 1953, she gained stardom from her performance in John Ford's adventure-romance Mogambo, starring Clark Gable and Ava Gardner, which won her a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination. In 1954, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the drama The Country Girl with Bing Crosby.[1] Other noteworthy films in which she starred include the western High Noon (1952) with Gary Cooper, the romance-comedy musical High Society (1956) with Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra, and three Alfred Hitchcock suspense thrillers in rapid succession: Dial M for Murder (1954) with Ray Milland, Rear Window (1954) with James Stewart, and To Catch a Thief (1955) with Cary Grant.

Kelly retired from acting at age 26 to marry Rainier, and she began her duties as Princess of Monaco. Hitchcock hoped that she would appear in more of his films which required an "icy blonde" lead actress, but he was unable to coax her out of retirement. The Prince and Princess had three children: Princess Caroline, Prince Albert, and Princess Stéphanie. Princess Grace retained her link to America by her dual U.S. and Monégasque citizenship.[2] Her charity work focused on young children and the arts, establishing the Princess Grace Foundation to support local artisans in 1964. Her organization for children's rights, AMADE Mondiale, gained consultive status within UNICEF and UNESCO. She died aged 52 at Monaco Hospital on September 14, 1982, from the injuries sustained in her car crash the previous day.[3] She is listed 13th among the American Film Institute's 25 Greatest Female Stars of Classical Hollywood Cinema.[4]

Early life and family
The Kelly family home, built by John B. Kelly Sr. in 1929, in East Falls, Philadelphia

Grace Patricia Kelly was born on November 12, 1929, at Hahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to an affluent and influential family.[5] Her father, Irish-American John B. Kelly Sr.,[6] had won three Olympic gold medals for sculling, and owned a successful brickwork contracting company that was well known on the East Coast. As Democratic nominee in the 1935 election for Mayor of Philadelphia, he lost by the closest margin in the city's history. In later years he served on the Fairmount Park Commission and, during World War II, was appointed by President Roosevelt as National Director of Physical Fitness. His brother Walter C. Kelly was a vaudeville star, who also made films for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Paramount Pictures, and another named George was a Pulitzer Prize–winning dramatist, screenwriter, and director.[7]

Kelly's mother, Margaret Majer, had German parents.[8][9] Margaret had taught physical education at the University of Pennsylvania and had been the first woman to coach women's athletics at Penn.[9][10] She also modeled for a time in her youth.[9] After marrying John B. Kelly in 1924, Margaret focused on being a housewife until all her children were of school age, following which she began actively participating in various civic organizations.[9]

Kelly had two older siblings, Margaret and John Jr., and a younger sister, Elizabeth. The children were raised in the Catholic faith.[11][12]

Kelly grew up in a small, close-knit Catholic community. She was baptized and received her elementary education in the parish of Saint Bridget's in East Falls. Founded in 1853 by Saint John Neumann, the fourth Bishop of Philadelphia, Saint Bridget's was a relatively young parish, with families very familiar with one another. While attending Ravenhill Academy, a reputable Catholic girls' school, Kelly modeled fashions at local charity events with her mother and sisters. In 1942, at the age of 12, she played the lead in Don't Feed the Animals, a play produced by the East Falls Old Academy Players.[7] In May 1947, she graduated from Stevens School, a socially prominent private institution in nearby Chestnut Hill, where she participated in drama and dance programs. Her graduation yearbook listed her favorite actress as Ingrid Bergman and her favorite actor as Joseph Cotten.[13] Written in the "Stevens' Prophecy" section was: "Miss Grace P. Kelly – a famous star of stage and screen". Owing to her low mathematics scores, Kelly was rejected by Bennington College in July 1947.[14] Despite her parents' initial disapproval, Kelly decided to pursue her dreams of becoming an actress. Her father was particularly displeased with her decision, as he viewed acting as "a slim cut above streetwalker" at the time.[12]

Career

Early years

To start her career, she auditioned for the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York, using a scene from her uncle George Kelly's The Torch-Bearers (1923). Although the school had already met its semester quota, she obtained an interview with the admissions department, and was admitted through George's influence. [12] Kelly worked diligently, and practiced her speech by using a tape recorder. Her early acting pursuits led her to the stage, and she made her Broadway debut in Strindberg's The Father, alongside Raymond Massey. At 19, her graduation performance was as Tracy Lord in The Philadelphia Story. Her uncle would continue to advise and mentor Kelly throughout her acting career.[15]

Television producer Delbert Mann cast Kelly as Bethel Merriday in an adaptation of the Sinclair Lewis novel of the same name; this was her first of nearly sixty live television programs.[12] As a theater personality, she was mentioned in Theatre World magazine as: "[a] most promising personality of the Broadway stage of 1950." Some of her well-known works as a theater actress were: The Father, The Rockingham Tea Set, The Apple Tree, The Mirror of Delusion, Episode (for Somerset Maugham's tele-serial), among others.[16]

Impressed by her work in The Father, Henry Hathaway, director of the Twentieth Century-Fox film Fourteen Hours (1951), offered her a small role in the film. Kelly had a minor role, opposite Paul Douglas, Richard Basehart, and Barbara Bel Geddes, as a young woman contemplating divorce.[17] Kelly's costar, Paul Douglas, commented of her acting in this film: "In two senses, she did not have a bad side– you could film her from any angle, and she was one of the most un-temperamental, cooperative people in the business."[18] Following the release of this film, the "Grace Kelly Fan Club" was established, gaining popularity across the country with local chapters springing up and attracting many members. Kelly referred to her fan club as "terrifically amusing".[18] Kelly was noticed during a visit to the set of Fourteen Hours by Gary Cooper, who was charmed by her, and later stated that she had been "different from all these sexballs we've been seeing so much of". However, Kelly's performance in Fourteen Hours went largely unnoticed by critics, and did not contribute to her film career's momentum. She continued her work in the theater and on television,[7] although she lacked "vocal horsepower", and it was regarded she would likely not have had a lengthy stage career.[12]

Kelly in High Noon (1952), her first major film role

Kelly was performing in Colorado's Elitch Gardens, when producer Stanley Kramer offered her a role co-starring opposite Cooper in Fred Zinnemann's High Noon (1952), a Western set in Columbia, California She accepted the role, and the film was shot in the late summer and early fall of 1951 over a 28-day shooting schedule in hot weather conditions. She was cast as a "young Quaker bride to Gary Cooper's stoic Marshall", and wore a "suitably demure vaguely Victorian dress", alongside Cooper, who was 28 years her senior.[17] The movie was released in the summer of 1952.[19] High Noon garnered four Academy Awards, and has since been ranked among the best films of all time.[20] Despite this, biographer, H. Haughland states: "Miss Kelly's acting did not excite the critics, or live up to her own expectations."[17] Some critics scoffed at the conclusion of the film in which Cooper's character has to be saved by Kelly's.[21] One critic argued that her pacifist character, killing a man who is about to shoot her husband, was cold and abstract. Alfred Hitchcock described her performance as "rather mousy", and stated that it lacked animation. He said that it was only in her later films that she "really blossomed" and showed her true star quality.[20][22]

Acting career at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

After filming High Noon, Kelly returned to New York City and took private acting lessons, keen to be taken seriously as an actress.[17] She performed in a few dramas in the theater, and in TV serials.[23] She appeared in several television plays,[15] and screen-tested for the film Taxi in the spring of 1952. Director John Ford noticed Kelly in the screen test, and his studio flew her out to Los Angeles to audition in September 1952. Ford said that Kelly showed "breeding, quality, and class". She was given the role, along with a seven-year contract at the relatively low salary of $850 a week.[24] Kelly signed the deal under two conditions: first, that one out of every two years, she had time off to work in the theatre; and second, that she be able to live in New York City at her residence in Manhattan House, at 200 E. 66th Street, now a landmark.[25][12]

Kelly with the cast of Mogambo (1953) in Nairobi

In November 1952, Kelly and the cast arrived in Nairobi to begin the production of the film Mogambo, replacing Gene Tierney, who dropped out at the last minute due to personal issues.[26][27] Kelly later told Hollywood columnist Hedda Hopper, "Mogambo had three things that interested me: John Ford, Clark Gable, and a trip to Africa, with expenses paid. If Mogambo had been made in Arizona, I wouldn't have done it."[28] Kelly plays Linda Nordley, a contemplative English wife with a romantic interest in Clark Gable's character. Filming took place over the course of three months. The costumes, designed by Helen Rose, were "safari style", with no feminine-looking outfits used. A break in the filming schedule afforded her and Mogambo co-star Ava Gardner a visit to Rome.[29] The film was released in 1953, and had a successful run at the box office.[24] Kelly won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress, and received her first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her performance.[30]

After the success of Mogambo, Kelly starred in the television play The Way of an Eagle with Jean-Pierre Aumont, before being cast in the film adaptation of Frederick Knott's Broadway hit Dial M for Murder, opposite Ray Milland and Robert Cummings. In this film, Kelly plays the role of the wealthy wife of a retired professional tennis player.[24][31] Director Alfred Hitchcock, who had also seen her during her Taxi screen test, would become one of Kelly's mentors during the last years of her career.[32][33] She was subsequently loaned by MGM to work across several Hitchcock films, which would become some of her most critically acclaimed and recognized work.[34][24] Kelly began filming scenes for her next film, The Bridges at Toko-Ri, in early 1954, with William Holden, for Paramount Pictures. The story, based on the novel by James Michener, is about American Navy jet fighters stationed to fight in Asia. Kelly plays the role of Holden's wife. Her dress designer was Edith Head, with whom she had established a friendly relationship.[24]

Kelly in a promotional photograph for Rear Window (1954)

Kelly unhesitatingly turned down the opportunity to star alongside Marlon Brando in On the Waterfront (1954).[35] Eva Marie Saint, who replaced her, went on to win an Academy Award for the role. Instead, she committed to the role of Lisa Fremont in Rear Window. Kelly stated, "All through the making of Dial M for Murder, he (Hitchcock) sat and talked to me about Rear Window all the time, even before we had discussed my being in it."[36]

Kelly's co-star, James Stewart, was highly enthusiastic about working with her.[37] The role of Lisa Fremont, a wealthy Manhattan socialite and fashion model who "never wore the same dress twice",[24] was unlike any of the previous women she had played. This marked her first performance as an independent career woman. In line with their previous collaborations, Hitchcock provided the camera with a slow-sequenced silhouette of Kelly, along with close-ups of the two stars kissing, finally lingering closely on her profile. Hitchcock brought her elegance to the foreground by changing her dresses many times, including: "glamorous evening short dresses, a sheer negligee over a sleek nightgown, a full-skirted floral dress, and a casual pair of jeans".[24] Upon the film's opening in October 1954, Kelly was again praised. Variety's film critic remarked on the casting, commenting on the "earthy quality to the relationship between Stewart and Miss Kelly", as "both do a fine job of the picture's acting demands".[38]

Kelly played the role of Bing Crosby's long-suffering wife, Georgie Elgin, in The Country Girl, after a pregnant Jennifer Jones bowed out. Already familiar with the play, Kelly was highly interested in the part. To do it, MGM would once again have to lend Kelly to Paramount Pictures. Kelly was adamant, and threatened the studio, saying that if they did not allow her to do the film, she would pack her bags and leave for New York for good. MGM eventually relented, and she took the part. Kelly also negotiated a more lucrative contract in light of her recent success.[39] In the film, Kelly plays the wife of a washed-up, alcoholic singer, played by Crosby. Her character becomes torn emotionally between her two lovers, played by Bing Crosby and William Holden. She was again dressed by Edith Head to suit her role in the film, initially dressed in fashionable dresses, shifting to ordinary-looking cardigans toward the end of the film.[39]

As a result of her performance in The Country Girl, Kelly was nominated for and ultimately won the Academy Award for Best Actress. Her acceptance speech was brief: “The thrill of this moment keeps me from saying what I really feel. I can only say thank you with all my heart to all who made this possible for me. Thank you.”[40] Her main competitor was Judy Garland for her performance in A Star Is Born. After receiving the Oscar nomination, Kelly won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for best actress for her performances in her three big movie roles of 1954: Rear Window, Dial M For Murder, and The Country Girl. At the Golden Globe Awards in 1955, Kelly won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama. Her acclaim continued to grow with each film. The New York Times praised her performance in The Country Girl as "excellent", and Rear Window got her marquee credits on a par with, and beyond, those of Stewart and Hitchcock.[41]

Kelly in the film To Catch a Thief (1955)

In April 1954, Kelly flew to Colombia for a 10-day shoot on her next project, Green Fire, with Stewart Granger. She played Catherine Knowland, a coffee plantation owner. Kelly told Hedda Hopper, "It wasn't pleasant. We worked at a pathetic village – miserable huts and dirty. Part of the crew got shipwrecked ... It was awful."[28] After the consecutive filming of Rear Window, Toko-Ri, Country Girl, and Green Fire, Kelly flew to the French Riviera to work on her third, and last, film for Hitchcock, To Catch a Thief. Lent to Paramount for the fifth time, Kelly plays the role of a temptress who wears "luxurious and alluring clothes", while Cary Grant plays the role of a former cat burglar, now looking to catch a "thief who is imitating him".[42] Kelly and Grant developed a mutual bond and admiration for one another. Years later, when asked to name his all-time favorite actress, Grant replied: "Well, with all due respect to dear Ingrid Bergman, I much preferred Grace. She had serenity."[43]

In 1956, Kelly resided in a home rented from Bill Lear in the Pacific Palisades, California for the duration of her filming.[44][45] She portrayed Princess Alexandra in the film The Swan, directed by Charles Vidor, opposite Alec Guinness and Louis Jourdan. Her final role was in Charles Walters's musical film High Society, a re-make of the 1940 MGM classic The Philadelphia Story. In the film, she portrayed main character Tracy Lord, opposite Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, and Celeste Holm.[46] It was released in July 1956. Variety stated: "Miss Kelly impresses as the femme lead with pleasantly comedienne overtones.", and that it was "possibly her most relaxed performance."[47]

Marriage
Main article: Wedding of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and Grace Kelly

Kelly headed the U.S. delegation at the Cannes Film Festival in April 1955. While there, she was invited to participate in a photo session with Prince Rainier III, the sovereign of the Principality of Monaco, at the Prince's Palace, about 55 kilometers away from Cannes. After a series of delays and complications, she met him at the Prince's Palace of Monaco on May 6, 1955.[48]

After a year-long courtship described as containing "a good deal of rational appraisal on both sides",[49] Prince Rainier married Kelly in 1956.[50] The Napoleonic Code of Monaco and the laws of the Catholic Church necessitated two ceremonies – both a civil ceremony and a religious wedding.[51] The 16-minute civil ceremony took place in the Palace Throne Room of Monaco on April 18, 1956,[51] and a reception later in the day was attended by 3,000 Monégasque citizens.[52][53] To cap the ceremony, the 142 official titles that she acquired in the union (counterparts of her husband's) were formally recited. The following day, the church ceremony took place at Monaco's Saint Nicholas Cathedral, presided over by Bishop Gilles Barthe.[51] The wedding was estimated to have been watched by over 30 million viewers on live television and was described by biographer Robert Lacey as "the first modern event to generate media overkill".[53] Her wedding dress, designed by MGM's Academy Award-winning Helen Rose,[53] was worked on for six weeks by three dozen seamstresses.[54] The Prince and Princess left that night for their seven-week Mediterranean honeymoon cruise on his yacht, Deo Juvante II.[53][55]

Princess of Monaco
The Prince and Princess of Monaco arrive at the White House for a luncheon, 1961

Princess Grace gave birth to the couple's first child, Princess Caroline, on January 23, 1957. Their next child and heir to the throne, Prince Albert, was born March 14, 1958. Their youngest, Princess Stéphanie, was born February 1, 1965.

During her marriage, Grace was unable to continue her acting career. Instead, she performed her daily duties as princess and became involved in philanthropic work.[56] As princess consort, she became the patron of Red Cross of Monaco and Rainbow Coalition Children, an orphanage run by Josephine Baker. She hosted an annual Christmas celebration with presents for orphaned children in Monaco.[57] The Princess also served as president of the Garden Club of Monaco, and president of the organizing committee of the International Arts Foundation.[58]

Grace founded AMADE Mondiale, a Monaco-based non-profit organization recognized by the UN, after witnessing the plight of Vietnamese children in 1963.[59] According to the UNESCO's website, AMADE promotes and protects the "moral and physical integrity" and "spiritual well-being of children throughout the world, without distinction of race, nationality or religion and in a spirit of complete political independence".[60] The organization currently has cooperative branches across Europe, Asia, South-America, and Africa, and retains consultive status with UNICEF, UNESCO, and the United Nations Economic and Social Council, as well as participative status with The Council of Europe.[61]

Princess Grace was active in improving the arts institutions of Monaco, forming the Princess Grace Foundation in 1964 to support local artisans.[62] In 1965, she accepted the invitation to be an honorary member of La Leche League, a worldwide mother-to-mother support group that focuses on mothering through breastfeeding. She was a speaker at their 1971 conference in Chicago, addressing 1400 mothers, 800 fathers and 800 babies. Grace was a known advocate of breastfeeding, and successfully fed her 3 children.[63] In 1975, Grace helped found the Princess Grace Academy, the resident school of the Monte Carlo Ballet.[64] She later advocated to preserve the Belle Époque-era architecture of the principality. Grace hosted a yearly American Week in Monaco, where guests would play baseball and eat ice cream. The palace also celebrated American Thanksgiving annually.[65]

Princess Grace at the Floriade garden exhibit in 1972

Hitchcock offered Princess Grace the lead in his film Marnie in 1962. She was eager, but public outcry in Monaco against her involvement in a film where she would play a kleptomaniac made her reconsider and ultimately reject the project. Director Herbert Ross tried to interest her in a part in his film The Turning Point (1977), but Rainier dismissed the idea.[66] Later that year, she returned to the arts in a series of poetry readings on stage and narration of the documentary The Children of Theatre Street. She also narrated ABC's made-for-television film The Poppy Is Also a Flower (1966).

She joined the board of the Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation in 1976, becoming one of its first female members.[67] In 1980, Princess Grace published "My Book of Flowers" with Gwen Robyns, detailing her sense of floral aesthetics, symbolism, and flower pressing.[68] Grace and Rainier worked together in a 33-minute independent film called Rearranged in 1979, which received interest from ABC TV executives in 1982 after premiering in Monaco, on the condition that it be extended to an hour. Before more scenes could be shot, Grace died and the film was never released or shown publicly again.[69][70]

Death
See also: Funeral of Princess Grace of Monaco
The tomb of Gratia Patricia ('Grace Patricia' in Latin), Princess of Monaco

On September 13, 1982, Grace was driving back to Monaco from her country home in Roc Agel when she had a stroke. As a result, she lost control of her 1971 Rover P6 3500[71] and drove off the steep, winding road and down the 120 foot (37 m) mountainside. Her daughter Stéphanie, who was in the passenger seat, tried but failed to regain control of the car.[72] The Princess was taken to the Monaco Hospital (later named the Princess Grace Hospital Centre) with injuries to the brain and thorax and a fractured femur. Grace died the following night at 10:55 p.m. after Rainier decided to turn off her life support.[73]

Stéphanie suffered a light concussion and a hairline fracture[74] of a cervical vertebra, and was unable to attend her mother's funeral.[75]

Princess Grace's funeral was held at the Cathedral of Our Lady Immaculate in Monaco-Ville,[76] on September 18, 1982. After a Requiem Mass, she was buried in the Grimaldi family vault. Over 400 people attended, including Cary Grant, Nancy Reagan, Danielle Mitterrand, the Princess of Wales, and Empress Farah of Iran.[77]

Rainier, who did not remarry, was buried alongside her after his death in 2005.[78]

Legacy
Kelly's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame

"I would like to be remembered as someone who accomplished useful deeds, and who was a kind and loving person. I would like to leave the memory of a human being with a correct attitude and who did her best to help others."

— Princess Grace[79]

Kelly left a lasting legacy as a theater artist, television actress, and iconic Hollywood film star.[80] Kelly has been cited as one of the "classic Hitchcock blondes", and as one of the most elegant women in cinematic and world history.[81][82] One author describes her as the "elegant glamour girl of the screen".[83]

Grace Kelly appeared on the cover of the 31 January 1955 issue of the weekly magazine Time. The magazine hailed her as the top movie star who brought about "a startling change from the run of smoky film sirens and bumptious cuties". She was described as the "Girl in White Gloves" because she wore "prim and noticeable white gloves", and journalists often called her the "lady" or "Miss Kelly" for this reason. In appreciation of her work with Hitchcock in three of his films, Kelly later wrote a foreword to the book The Art of Alfred Hitchcock by Donald Spoto. Spoto also has written High Society: The Life of Grace Kelly, a biography published 25 years after her death.[84]

In 1982, the Princess Grace Foundation-USA was established by her husband to continue the work she had done anonymously during her lifetime, assisting emerging theater, dance and film artists in America. Incorporated in 1982, PGF-USA is headquartered in New York and is a tax-exempt, not-for-profit, publicly supported organization. The Princess Grace Awards, a program of the Princess Grace Foundation-USA, has awarded nearly 800 artists at more than 100 institutions in the U.S. with more than $15 million to date. The foundation also says it "holds the exclusive rights and facilitates the licensing of her name and likeness throughout the world."[85] Her daughter, Princess Caroline, took over as president for both the Foundation and AMADE Mondiale after her death, with Prince Albert as vice president. The original Monaco branch of her foundation, named Fondation Princesse Grace, remains active and continues to provide direct aid to students and children within the Monaco and France regions.[86]

James Gill: "Grace Kelly in Sun" (2013)

In 1955, Kelly was photographed by Howell Conant in Jamaica. He photographed her without makeup in a naturalistic setting, a departure from the traditional portrayal of actresses.[87] The resulting photographs were published in Collier's, with a celebrated photo of her rising from the water with wet hair making the cover.[87][88] Following her marriage, Conant was the unofficial photographer to the House of Grimaldi and extensively photographed her, Rainier, and their three children.[89] In 1992, Conant published Grace, a book of photographs that he took during her 26-year tenure as Princess of Monaco.[90] Princess Grace has been depicted by many pop artists, including Andy Warhol and James Gill. Warhol made a portrait of her for the Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia as a limited edition silkscreen in 1984.[91]

In 2012, Grace's childhood home was made a Pennsylvania historic landmark, and a historical marker was placed on the site. The home, located at 3901 Henry Avenue in the East Falls section of Philadelphia, was built by her father John B. Kelly Sr. in 1929. Grace lived in the home until 1950, and Prince Rainier III proposed to her there in 1955. The Kelly family sold the property in 1974.[92][93] Prince Albert of Monaco purchased the property, speculating that the home would be used either as museum space or as offices for the Princess Grace Foundation.[94][95]

Fashion and style
Kelly featured in a spread for Modern Screen magazine in 1954

While pregnant with her daughter Caroline in 1956, Princess Grace was frequently photographed clutching a distinctive leather handbag manufactured by Hermès. The purse, or Sac à dépêches, was likely a shield to prevent her pregnant abdomen from being exposed to the prying eyes of the paparazzi. The photographs, however, popularized the purse and became so closely associated with the fashion icon that it would thereafter be known as the Kelly bag.[96]

Grace was inaugurated into the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1960 and in 1955, the Custom Tailored Guild of America listed her as the "Best-Tailored Woman".[97][98] Numerous exhibitions have been held of Kelly's life and clothing. The Philadelphia Museum of Art presented her wedding dress in a 2006 exhibition to mark the 50th anniversary of her marriage,[99] and a retrospective of her wardrobe was held at London's Victoria and Albert Museum in 2010.[100] The V&A exhibition continued in Australia at the Bendigo Art Gallery in 2012.[101] This famous dress, seen around the world, took thirty five tailors six weeks to complete.[102] An exhibition of her life as Princess of Monaco was held at the Ekaterina Cultural Foundation in Moscow in 2008 in conjunction with Monaco's Grimaldi Forum.[103] In 2009, a plaque was placed on the "Rodeo Drive Walk of Style" in recognition of her contributions to style and fashion.[104]

After her death, Grace's legacy as a fashion icon lived on. Modern designers, such as Tommy Hilfiger and Zac Posen, have cited her as a fashion inspiration.[12] During her lifetime, she was known for introducing the "fresh faced" look, one that involved bright skin and natural beauty with little makeup.[105] Her fashion legacy was even commemorated at the Victoria and Albert Museum of London, where an exhibit titled, "Grace Kelly: Style Icon" paid tribute to her impact on the world of fashion.[12] The exhibit included 50 of her legendary ensembles.[102] She is remembered for her "college-girl" everyday fashion, defined by her pulled-together yet simple look.[102] In 2016, Forbes included her on the list 10 Fashion Icons and the Trends They Made Famous.[106]

The look and style of TV series Mad Men's Betty Draper is influenced by Grace Kelly, and she is frequently complimented in the show by other characters for resembling her.[107]

Monaco and elsewhere
Rosa 'Princesse de Monaco'

A rose garden in Monaco's Fontvieille district is dedicated to the memory of Kelly. It was opened in 1984 by Rainier.[108] A hybrid tea rose, named Rosa 'Princesse de Monaco', was named after her.[109] She is commemorated in a statue by Kees Verkade in the garden, which features 4,000 roses.[110] Prince Rainier also established the Princess Grace Irish Library in her memory, containing her personal collection of over 9,000 books and sheet music.[111] Avenue Princesse Grace, "the most expensive street in the world", is named for her, as is Boulevard Princesse Grâce de Monaco in Nice, France.[112][113] In 2007, Monaco hosted an international-scale exhibition in honor of Princess Grace, named "The Grace Kelly Years, Princess of Monaco", containing letters, personal belongings, fashion accessories, and sound recordings on display.[114] Les Ballets de Monte-Carlo was established in 1985, in accordance to the wishes of Princess Grace, with its first performance taking place on 21 December. In 1993, Kelly appeared on a U.S. postage stamp, released in conjunction with a Monaco postage stamp featuring her image on the same day.[115] To commemorate the 25th anniversary of Kelly's death, €2 commemorative coins were issued on July 1, 2007 with the "national" side bearing the image of her. In 2019, the government of Monaco released three designs of commemorative postage stamps, each depicting a different phase of her life, to mark the 90th anniversary of her birth.[116]

In 2003, the Henley Royal Regatta renamed the Women's Quadruple Sculls the "Princess Grace Challenge Cup." The Henley Stewards invited her to present the prizes at the 1981 regatta, expiating the ill will from her father's falling foul of its amateurism rules in 1920. Prince Albert presented the prizes at the 2004 regatta.[117] Various hotels, including Hotel Bel-Air, the Ritz-Carlton Hotel de la Paix, the InterContinental Carlton Cannes Hotel, and the Shelbourne Hotel established suites inspired by her life and likeness.[118]

Nicole Kidman portrayed Kelly in Grace of Monaco (2014), directed by Olivier Dahan. Reaction to the film was largely negative; many people, including the princely family of Monaco, felt it was overly dramatic, had historical errors, and lacked depth.[119][120]

Works

Filmography
Main article: Grace Kelly filmography

Selected filmography

YearTitleRoleDirectorNotes
1951Fourteen HoursLouise Ann FullerHenry Hathaway
1952High NoonAmy Fowler KaneFred Zinnemann
1953MogamboLinda NordleyJohn Ford
1954Dial M for MurderMargot Mary WendiceAlfred Hitchcock
Rear WindowLisa Carol Fremont
The Country GirlGeorgie ElginGeorge Seaton
Green FireCatherine KnowlandAndrew Marton
The Bridges at Toko-RiNancy BrubakerMark Robson
1955To Catch a ThiefFrances StevensAlfred Hitchcock
1956The SwanPrincess AlexandraCharles Vidor
High SocietyTracy Samantha LordCharles Walters

Theatre
YearTitleRolePlaywrightVenue
1949The FatherBerthaAugust StrindbergCort Theatre, Broadway
1952To Be ContinuedA Young WomanWilliam MarchantBooth Theatre, Broadway

Discography
  • "True Love", a duet with Bing Crosby from High Society (1956)
  • L'Oiseau du Nord et L'Oiseau du Soleil, in French and in English (1978)
  • Birds, Beasts & Flowers: A Programme of Poetry, Prose and Music (1980)

Awards and nominations
Year Awards Category Project Award
1950Theatre World AwardN/AThe FatherWon
1953Academy AwardBest Supporting ActressMogamboNominated
Golden Globe AwardBest Supporting ActressWon
1954Academy AwardBest ActressThe Country GirlWon
Golden Globe AwardBest Actress - Motion Picture DramaWon
National Board of ReviewBest ActressWon
New York Film Critics CircleBest ActressWon
British Academy Film AwardsBest ActressNominated
1954National Board of ReviewBest ActressRear WindowWon
New York Film Critics CircleBest ActressWon
1954National Board of ReviewBest ActressDial M for MurderWon
New York Film Critics CircleBest ActressWon
British Academy Film AwardsBest ActressNominated
Bambi AwardBest International ActressNominated
1956Golden Globe AwardsWorld Favorite Film FemaleN/AWon[121]

Other honors

Titles, styles, honors and arms

Upon her marriage to Prince Rainier III in 1956, as the consort of the reigning sovereign prince of Monaco, she was styled "Her Serene Highness Princess Grace of Monaco". She also bore all historical titles of her husband, in the feminine.[122][123]

National honors

Foreign honors
Princess Grace's coat of arms Grace's royal monogram

References

Notes
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    2. Buchwald, Art (April 17, 1956). "Grace Kelly Can Retain American Citizenship: Status of Pat Poodle Oliver Not So Clear; His Marriage Could Start Monaco Squabble". Los Angeles Times. ProQuest 166920188.
    3. Robinson, Jeffery (October 23, 1989). "Princess Grace's Fatal Crash: Her Daughter's Account". Chicago Tribune.
    4. Profile Archived July 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
    5. "High Society (washingtonpost.com)". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
    6. Jacobs, Laura (March 30, 2010). "Grace Kelly's Forever Look". Vanity Fair. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
    7. Leigh 2007
    8. Department of Records. "Margarethe M. Majer, 13 Dec 1898; "Pennsylvania, Philadelphia City Births, 1860–1906"". FamilySearch. p. 378.
    9. "Margaret Majer Kelly (1899–1990)". University of Pennsylvania.
    10. Kaplan, Tracey (January 8, 1990). "Margaret Kelly, 91; Princess Grace's Mother, Head of Influential Family". Los Angeles Times.
    11. Spoto, Donald; Forshaw, Barry (May 28, 2009). "Grace Kelly and Hollywood by Donald Spoto". The Times. UK. Retrieved May 20, 2010. Born in 1929 and raised by stiff-necked Catholic parents in Philadelphia ... Philadelphia convent girl (always remaining Roman Catholic) ...
    12. Jacobs, Laura (May 2010). "Grace Kelly's Forever Look". Vanity Fair. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
    13. Spoto, Donald (2009). High Society: The Life of Grace Kelly. Harmony. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-307-39561-0.
    14. Leigh 2007, p. 26
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    16. Spoto 2010, pp. 51–52.
    17. Haugland 2006, p. 954.
    18. Spoto 2010, p. 56.
    19. Spoto 2010, pp. 69–79.
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    55. Taraborrelli 2003, p. 149
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    71. References:
      • Establishing the age and marque of the car: "1982: Hollywood princess dead". BBC News. September 14, 1982. After leaving the road her 10-year-old Rover tumbled 100 ft (30.5 m) down a ravine...
      • Establishing the model: Parish, James Robert (2002). The Hollywood Book of Death: The Bizarre, Often Sordid, Passings of More than 125 American Movie and TV Idols (eBook ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-07-178476-4. Retrieved October 18, 2014. After loading her Rover 3500 with luggage and dresses to be altered, she informed her chauffeur that there was now no room for him in the car, and that she would drive instead.
      • Establishing the platform: Gerard, Jasper (January 24, 2011). "Classic Rover P6 review". The Telegraph. London, UK. Archived from the original on December 26, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2014. It's always a little ominous when a car is best remembered for a tragic mishap, but such, alas, is the fate of the P6; this is what Grace Kelly was driving when she careered off the Corniche in Monaco.
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    Bibliography
    Monegasque royalty
    Vacant
    Title last held by
    Ghislaine Dommanget    		 Princess consort of Monaco
    1956–1982    		 Vacant
    Title next held by
    Charlene Wittstock
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