HMS Faulknor (H62)

While under repair in May–June 1940, her aft bank of torpedo tubes were replaced by a QF three-inch (76 mm) 20 cwt[Note 1] AA gun and Faulknor also received a pair of abreast the searchlight platform. The ship was modified to prepare her for Arctic weather and her depth-charge stowage was increased to 38 during her late-1941 refit. In mid-1942, 'X' gun was removed, the three-inch gun repositioned there and the aft torpedo tubes were reinstalled. The quadruple Vickers machine gun mounts were replaced by shielded single mounts for 20-millimetre (0.8 in) Oerlikon AA guns; another pair of Oerlikon mounts were installed on the aft superstructure. Her original low-angle rangefinder above the bridge was replaced by a new high-angle gunnery director fitted with an analog Fuze Keeping Clock (mechanical computer) and a Type 285 gunnery radar was mounted on its roof. A Type 286PQ surface-search radar was installed on the foremast; it was replaced by a Type 291 radar in March–April 1943. The three-inch gun was replaced by a quadruple mount for 2-pounder (40 mm (1.6 in)) Mk II AA guns and the single mounts on the bridge wings were replaced by twin mounts for a total of six Oerlikons.[7]

In September 1939, Faulknor and her 8th DF was assigned to the Home Fleet and based at Scapa Flow. In the first month of hostilities she was part of an anti-submarine hunting group centred on the aircraft carrier Ark Royal. On 14 September, the carrier was unsuccessfully attacked by the German submarine U-39. Faulknor, in company with her sister ships Foxhound and Firedrake, counter-attacked and sank U-39 north-west of Ireland, rescuing most of her crew.[12] After a pair of fishing trawlers were sunk by a submarine off the Hebrides, the 6th and 8th DFs were ordered to sweep the area on 19 September. The following day, Faulknor rescued 20 crewmen from U-27 after several of her sisters sank the submarine and then resumed their normal escort duties. A month later, the ship was damaged during heavy seas while escorting the capital ships of the Home Fleet and was repaired at Scotstoun from 15 to 28 October. Two months later, she was escorting the battleship Nelson when the latter struck a magnetic mine as they were entering Loch Ewe on 4 December. Faulknor remained there for a time in case any further mining attempts were made. In February 1940, she was one of the escorts for Convoy TC 3 carrying troops from Canada to the UK. Later that month the ship rescued 10 survivors of the torpedoed freighter SS Orania on 11 February. Captain Antony de Salis assumed command of the ship and the flotilla on the 19th.[14]

Map of the Ofotfjord

Faulknor participated in the Norwegian Campaign of April–June, screening the ships of the Home Fleet early in the campaign. After the Second Battle of Narvik on 12 April, Captain Antony De Salis, Captain (D) of the 8th DF and commander of Faulknor, was appointed the Senior Destroyer Officer for the Narvik area with authority over all the destroyers in the area. He tasked them to patrol the Ofotfjord and evaluate the German defences while preventing any submarines from entering. A landing party from Faulknor went ashore on 16 April to inspect the wreck of the beached German destroyer Z19 Hermann Künne and search for any useful documents and assess her condition. They found nothing and one man was killed by a sniper. The following day, Faulknor and the destroyer Zulu bombarded the German ship and set her afire. During this time, the ship was attacked by German aircraft on multiple occasions to little effect. On 25 April, she helped to land part of the 2nd Battalion, the South Wales Borderers to Bogen and Lenvik. Later she bombarded German positions in support of the Allied advance on Narvik. On 4 May, Faulknor rescued 52 survivors from the Polish destroyer Grom, which had been sunk by German bombers, and recovered the bodies of 60 more crewmen. The next day, the ship ran aground while bombarding German defences in the Rombaksfjord, but was only lightly damaged. On the voyage home for repairs, she escorted a convoy of empty troopships. Faulknor arrived at Scapa Flow on 9 May and sailed for Grimsby for repairs.[15]

The repairs were completed on 12 June[16] and, a week later, she escorted the battlecruiser Hood and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal, together with her sisters Fearless and Foxhound and the destroyer Escapade, from Scapa Flow to Gibraltar where they would form Force H.[17] In early July, Faulknor screened the larger British ships during the attack on the Vichy French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir, French Algeria. During Operation MA 5, a planned carrier attack on Italian airfields in Sardinia, the destroyer Escort was torpedoed by the Italian submarine Guglielmo Marconi on 11 July after the attack had been cancelled due to lack of surprise.[18] The torpedo blew a large hole in the ship, but the British tried to salvage her. Despite their efforts, she foundered later that morning after the destroyer Forester and Faulknor took off the survivors.[19] A month later the ship was one of the escorts for Force H during Operation Hurry, a mission to fly off fighter aircraft for Malta and conduct an airstrike on Cagliari on 2 August. On 13 September, Force H rendezvoused with a convoy that was carrying troops intended to capture Dakar from the Vichy French. Ten days later, they attacked Dakar, but were driven off by the Vichy French defences. In early October, Faulknor escorted a troop convoy from Freetown, Sierra Leone, to French Cameroon. She then returned to Gibraltar and escorted the aircraft carriers Argus and Ark Royal during Operations Coat and White in November.[20] On 21 November, Faulknor, together with the light cruiser Despatch and Forester, intercepted the Vichy French blockade runner MV Charles Plumier and escorted her to Gibraltar. The ship escorted Force F to Malta during Operation Collar later in the month and participated in the inconclusive Battle of Cape Spartivento on 27 November. The following month Faulknor covered another convoy to Malta and went to the assistance of Convoy WS 5A after it had attacked by the German heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper.[21]

In early January, she screened Force H during Operation Excess.[22] Later that month, Faulknor and Forester temporarily relieved some of the escorts for Convoy WS 5B bound for Egypt via the Cape of Good Hope and stayed with the convoy to Freetown. Before arriving there on 26 January, they were detached from Force H to reinforce the Freetown Escort Force. Faulknor rescued four survivors from the oil tanker SS British Premier on 3 February after they had been at sea for 41 days. Their stay in Freetown did not last long as they were ordered to escort Convoy SL 67 and the battleship Malaya en route back to Gibraltar in late February. The slow convoy was attacked by two U-boats that sank five ships from the convoy on 8 March, with the destroyers rescuing some of the survivors. Later that day, the German battleships Gneisenau and Scharnhorst spotted the convoy, but Admiral Günther Lütjens declined to attack when Malaya was spotted. Force H rendezvoused with the convoy three days later and Faulknor and Forester arrived back in Gibraltar on 16 March. Faulknor spent most of the rest of the month refitting.[23]

On 2–4 April, the ship led the escorts for Ark Royal as she flew off more fighters bound for Malta and repeated the mission three weeks later.[24] In early May she was part of the destroyer screen with five other destroyers for the battleship Queen Elizabeth, and the light cruisers Naiad, Fiji and Gloucester which were joining the Mediterranean Fleet. This was part of Operation Tiger which included a supply convoy taking tanks to the Middle East and the transfer of warships. Faulknor and the other F-class destroyers had their Two-Speed Destroyer Sweep (TSDS) minesweeping gear rigged to allow them to serve as a fast minesweepers en route to Malta. Despite this, one merchant ship was sunk by mines and another damaged.[25] Later that month, she participated in Operation Splice, another mission in which the carriers Ark Royal and Furious flew off fighters for Malta.[26]

Force H was ordered to join the escort of Convoy WS 8B in the North Atlantic on 24 May, after the Battle of the Denmark Strait on 23 May, but they were directed to search for the German battleship Bismarck and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen on 25 May. Heavy seas increased fuel consumption for all of the escorts and Faulknor was forced to return to Gibraltar to refuel later that day before rejoining the capital ships of Force H on 29 May, after Bismarck had been tracked down and sunk. In early June the destroyer participated in two more aircraft delivery missions to Malta (Operations Rocket and Tracer). On the 16th, after German blockade runners reached France, Force H sortied into the Atlantic on a unsuccessful search for more blockade runners. Together with Fearless, Foresight, Forester and Foxhound, Faulknor helped to sink U-138 on 18 June. Four days later, the 8th DF was tasked to intercept a German supply ship heading towards the French coast. The next day they spotted MV Alstertor which was scuttled by her crew upon the approach of the British ships. They rescued 78 British POWs taken from ships sunk by German raiders as well as the crew. In late June, Faulknor screened Ark Royal and Furious as they flew off more fighters for Malta in Operation Railway.[27]

During a Malta supply convoy (Operation Substance), the ship went to the assistance of Fearless on 23 July, after she had been crippled and set afire by Italian torpedo-bombers, but she could not be safely towed back to Gibraltar and had to be sunk by Forester's torpedoes. A week later Faulknor screened the capital ships of Force H as they covered another Malta convoy (Operation Style). On the return voyage, her turbines broke down, but she was able to limp to Gibraltar after the port turbine was repaired. An inspection revealed that some of the blades in the starboard turbine had fractured. As the dockyard lacked the spare parts and the heavy lifting gear necessary, Faulknor was ordered home for a complete refit. She was assigned as the senior ship of Convoy HG 70 despite being limited to a speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) and her convoy reached Londonderry on 16 August without having lost a ship. Two days later the ship began a major refit in Southampton that was not completed until 9 November.[28]

Faulknor was assigned to the Home Fleet at Scapa Flow after the completion of her refit, and led the escort for the battleship Duke of York as she ferried Prime Minister Winston Churchill to meet with U.S President Roosevelt in the Atlantic Conference in mid-December. Both Faulknor and Foresight suffered weather damage en route, and were forced to break off and seek refuge in the Azores, Portugal, before returning to Scapa Flow on 23 December.[29]

A Fairey Albacore torpedo bomber from the aircraft carrier Victorious overflies Faulknor in May 1942

On 27 January 1942, Captain Alan Scott-Moncrieff relieved de Salis.[30] she was deployed with units of the Home Fleet escorting convoys to Russia. Scott-Moncrieff commanded the close escort for Convoy PQ 9/10 and the returning Convoy QP 7 in February, and, while escorting the covering force for Convoy PQ 12 at the beginning of March, was ordered to assist the damaged light cruiser Sheffield after she had encountered a drifting mine. After escorting her to Seidisfjord, Iceland, Faulknor rejoined the covering force on the 9th, shortly before it turned back for Scapa Flow. Several days later, the ship led a destroyer sweep off the Norwegian coast on an unsuccessful search for the German battleship Tirpitz, arriving back at Scapa on the 14th. After some repairs for some weather damage, Scott-Moncrieff again commanded the escorts for the covering force for Convoys PQ 13 and the returning QP 9 at the end of the month.[31]

On 1 April Faulknor led a force of five other destroyers that were to escort ten Norwegian merchant ships attempting to reach Britain from Sweden via the Skagerrak. The Germans were expecting the breakout and damaged or sank six of them while causing two others to return to Sweden. Faulknor sank the burning SS Rigmor after her crew had been taken off by another destroyer, despite heavy attacks by the Luftwaffe. As usual, she led the escorts of the distant covering force for Convoys PQ 14 on 11–18 April, PQ 15 on 22 April–5 May and PQ 16 on 23–30 May, and then PQ 17 on 29 June–8 July with little incident other than the usual heavy weather. Five days later Faulknor began a refit at a shipyard at Hull that lasted until 27 August.[32]

Type 285 fire control radar and Type 286PQ warning radar was fitted, a 3-inch (76 mm) HA gun replaced the 4.7-inch mounting in the X position, and the after torpedo tube mounting was also replaced. She then returned to convoy escort duty, screening Convoy PQ 18 in September, and sinking the U-88 south of Spitsbergen. In October she escorted returning Convoy QP 15, and Convoy JW 51A in December. Further escort duty followed in 1943, escorting Convoy JW 52 in January, Convoy JW 53 in February, and Convoy RA 53 in March. In April she was detached for convoy escort duties in the North Atlantic with the Flotilla as the 4th Escort Group, escorting convoys HX 234, SC 127, ONS 6, ONS 182, and HX 239.

In June 1943 Faulknor rejoined the 8th Destroyer Flotilla for Fleet duties in the Mediterranean, arriving at Alexandria on 5 July to support the Allied invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky). She served as part of the screen for the covering force in the Ionian Sea (two aircraft carriers, three battleships, and four cruisers with 17 other Allied destroyers). After screening and patrol duties in August, she supported Allied landings on the Italian mainland (Operation Baytown) and at Salerno (Operation Avalanche) with destroyers of 4th, 8th and 24th Flotillas. She was then detached with other destroyers to screen ships escorting the Italian Fleet to Alexandria via Malta, and then was transferred to the Eastern Mediterranean to support Allied operations in defence of Aegean Islands against German invasion. She transported troops to Leros, carried out patrols, sank several cargo ships and landing craft, and carried out bombardments of shore positions before the operation was abandoned in November.

In December Faulknor supported military operations on the west coast of Italy, escorting the landing ships Royal Ulsterman and Princess Beatrix with No. 9 Commando for a landing north of the Garigliano (Operation Partridge), then carrying out diversionary bombardments. In January 1944 she took part in the landings at Anzio (Operation Shingle), providing naval gunfire support and anti-aircraft defence during the initial landings, then as a patrol and escort ship into March.

In April 1944, Faulknor returned to Scapa Flow to support the Normandy landings (Operation Neptune) joining ten other destroyers in Force J of the Eastern Task Force, and assigned to attack the beach defences west of La Riviere. On 27 April she sailed to the Solent for exercises. She sailed for Normandy on 4 June, but was recalled when the operation was postponed for 24 hours. On the 5th she sailed with Convoy J1, made up of the 9th Minesweeping Flotilla, four Danlayers, a Harbour Defence Motor Launch and the 1st Division of 159 BYMS Flotilla. On the morning on 6 June she provided naval gunfire support off Juno Beach, returning to Portsmouth to re-ammunition later in the day. On the 7th she returned to Normandy with General Sir Bernard Law Montgomery, the Allied Land Forces Commander for the initial phase of the invasion, on board for transport to the beachhead to set up his Tactical HQ. Montgomery's insistence that the ship approach the beach as close as possible led to her running aground on a sandbank and she had to wait for the next high tide before being refloated with the aid of a tug.[33] She was then deployed on patrols, anti-aircraft defence, and ferrying duties. On the 24th she embarked the First Sea Lord Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham, the Second Sea Lord Admiral Algernon Willis, the Naval Secretary Admiral Cecil Harcourt, and the Lord Privy Seal Lord Beaverbrook at Portsmouth to visit the Assault Area. After arrival the flag of Admiral Bertram Ramsay, the Allied naval commander was worn during a visit by Admiral Alan G. Kirk, the U.S. naval commander. She returned to Portsmouth with her passengers same day.

Faulknor was released from duty in July and sailed to Grimsby for repairs. In September she was deployed for support and convoy defence duty in the Channel, and in October joined the 14th Escort Group based at Milford Haven, employed in the Irish Sea, English Channel and the South-West Approaches. In December she rejoined the reformed 8th Destroyer Flotilla at Plymouth, and was deployed for the defence of Channel convoys. On 8 May 1945 she accepted the surrender of the German garrison at Saint Peter Port, Guernsey, and on the 17th escorted six German minesweepers and two patrol boats to the UK. On 6 June she escorted the cruiser Jamaica taking King George VI to visit the Channel Islands.

In July Faulknor was reduced to the Reserve and de-stored at Plymouth, then sailed to Dartmouth to decommission on the 25th. She was put on the Disposal List in December 1945, and was sold on 21 January 1946 to BISCO for breaking-up by Thos W Ward at Milford Haven. After being stripped of equipment at Plymouth in March she was towed to the breaker's yard, arriving on 4 April 1946.