Hawarden

Hawarden /ˈhɑːrdən/ (listen) (Welsh: Penarlâg), Flintshire, Wales is a village and community (and electoral ward) in part of the Deeside conurbation on the Welsh/English border and was a strategic settlement, see Hawarden Castle. At the 2011 Census, the population of its eponymous ward, as modified, in local representation of the people was 1,887, an increase of 29 in ten years. The total population for the greater community of Hawarden, which takes in Ewloe (which also has a castle), Mancot and Aston was 13,920 at the 2011 census, an increase of 381 in that period.[2] The scenic, wooded Hawarden Park abuts the clustered settlement in the south. Hawarden Bridge constitutes distribution and industrial business premises beyond Shotton/Queensferry and the Dee.[3] The west of the main street is called The Highway, its start marked by the crossroads with a fountain in the middle, near which are public houses, some centred on restaurants.[n 1]

For other uses, see Hawarden (disambiguation).

Hawarden

Gladstone memorial fountain and Glynne Arms
Hawarden
Location within Flintshire
Population1,887 (Ward 2011)[1]
OS grid referenceSJ315655
Community
  • Hawarden
Principal area
Ceremonial county
CountryWales
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townDEESIDE
Postcode districtCH5
Dialling code01244
PoliceNorth Wales
FireNorth Wales
AmbulanceWelsh
UK Parliament
Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament

The large village is 4 miles (6.4 km) west and north-west from England is centred 6.7 miles (10.8 km) from Chester. In 2014 it was named in The Sunday Times' annual Best Places To Live List.[4]

History

The 1848 Topographical Dictionary of Wales led by Samuel Lewis states Hawarden is of remote antiquity and was called "Pennard Halawg," or more properly "Pen-y-Llwch", the headland above the lake.[n 2] The hill forts such as the huge remains next to the medieval Hawarden Castle and Trueman's Hill motte were it records locally believed to date to the time of fortifications against incursions of the Cornavii tribe and the Romans.[6]

The Normans recorded the Saxons called the place Haordine where, east of today's village, was the principal manor of the Saxon Hundred of Atiscros.[6] William the Conqueror granted the lands and manor to Hugh Lupus as it formed part of the County Palatine of Chester whereupon Hawarden Castle was built that later proved key to Welsh history, at that time lived in by Roger Fitzvalerine, then the Montaults, or de Montaltos, barons of Mold, who held it as seneschal.[6]

1157, Henry II., having assembled a formidable army at Chester, advanced into Flintshire with a view to the conquest of Wales, and encamped his forces on Saltney marsh, in the parish. To repel this attack, Owain Gwynedd, Prince of North Wales, marched his forces to Basingwerk near Holywell, where he took up his station within a few miles of the royal army. The boldness of Owain's movements inducing Henry to hope that the natives intended to risk a general engagement, in which he expected that the superior number and discipline of the English would ensure success, the king despatched a chosen body of troops, under the command of his principal barons, to bring the Welsh to action, or to dislodge them from their post. This party, having to pass through the narrow defile of Coed-Eulo, in the parish of Hawarden, were suddenly attacked in that dangerous pass by Davydd and Cynan, sons of Owain, who, with a strong body of forces, had been placed in ambush to surprise them. The English, from the suddenness and impetuosity of the assault, and the difficulties of the ground on which they had to contend, were routed with great slaughter, and the few who escaped the carnage retired, in the utmost disorder, to the main body of the army. Henry, exasperated by this unexpected discomfiture, immediately collected the whole of his forces, and pursued his march along the sea-coast into the heart of the enemy's country; and Owain, breaking up his camp, retired with his forces to St. Asaph.[6]

Efforts to subdue north Welsh territory into a degree of fiefdom followed intermittently, with no great success. In the castle Llewellyn of Wales who was in possession negotiated peace in 1264 with Simon de Montford, who led a brief rebellion against Henry III of England and agreed to betroth his daughter to Llewellyn in exchange for restoring the de facto Welsh castle to Robert de Montault. The rebellion failed. Accordingly, by 1280 the castle became a crown asset, listed as a Castrum Regis. Later, following Edward's successful campaign imposing exacting terms on the Welsh, building Flint Castle and strengthening other castles, in 1282 Llewellyn's brother Davydd took the castle back, killing the garrison and transferring Roger de Clifford to remote Snowdon. This second recapture of the castle triggered Edward's killing of Llewellyn and annexation of Wales. The castle became a prized possession: see Hawarden Castle.

The village of Saltney (next to Chester, but in Wales) was part of the parish.[6][7]

19th century

The prime minister William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898) lived in later life in Hawarden Castle, which had in the Glorious Revolution been acquired by his wife's family, the Glynne baronets.[6] In 1847 water was brought into the place at an expense of upwards of £1000 to be recouped by the River Dee Company.[6] In the nineteenth century the economy of the parish (about three times larger than the modern Community Council area) involved weekly markets, many seams of coal, the making of tiles, bricks and drainage pipes and chemicals such as Glauber salts and ivory black making.[5]

In 1886 the curate of Hawarden, the Rev. Harry Drew, married Mary Gladstone, the second daughter of the Prime Minister, at St Margaret's Church, Westminster – a society wedding attended by the Prince of Wales.[8]

Gladstone bequeathed his library to the town under the name of St Deiniol's Library, in honour of the patron saint of the parish church next door. It is the only residential library in Britain, and was renamed Gladstone's Library in 2010.

Education and economy

Rector Drew Junior School, renamed in 2016 to Hawarden Village Church School is the junior school of the village. Hawarden High School is a high school which dates back to 1606 and was attended by Michael Owen (International footballer) , but also Gary Speed, the former manager of the Wales national football team.

Queensferry consists predominantly of industrial, commercial and storage businesses by the River Dee and is situated to immediately northeast of the community - the village is residential.[9] HSBC (closed in 2016), moneysupermarket.com have significant premises at St David's Park by the main A55 in Ewloe.

Hawarden Airport sometimes Hawarden (Chester) Airport, which with adjoining Hawarden Industrial Park is in nearby Broughton.

Visitor attractions

There are three pubs in Hawarden; The Old Grocery, The Fox and Grapes and The Glynne Arms with The Crown And Liver a near fourth.

Governance

At the lowest level of local government, Hawarden elects or co-opts twenty community councillors to Hawarden Community Council, from four community electoral divisions namely Aston, Ewloe, Hawarden and Mancot.[10]

The four community wards (including Hawarden covering the village) also form four county wards for elections to Flintshire County Council. Hawarden ward elects one county councillor, while Aston, Ewloe and Mancot elect two county councillors each.[11]

The county archives, the Flintshire Record Office, are housed in the Old Rectory at Hawarden.[12]

Climate
Climate data for Chester/Hawarden Airport, elevation 10m, 1981–2010, extremes 1960–
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.0
(60.8)		 17.1
(62.8)		 22.2
(72.0)		 25.8
(78.4)		 27.8
(82.0)		 32.2
(90.0)		 33.1
(91.6)		 35.2
(95.4)		 29.4
(84.9)		 28.2
(82.8)		 19.6
(67.3)		 17.0
(62.6)		 35.2
(95.4)
Average high °C (°F) 7.9
(46.2)		 8.2
(46.8)		 10.7
(51.3)		 13.1
(55.6)		 16.5
(61.7)		 19.1
(66.4)		 21.0
(69.8)		 20.5
(68.9)		 18.1
(64.6)		 14.4
(57.9)		 10.6
(51.1)		 8.0
(46.4)		 14.0
(57.2)
Average low °C (°F) 1.4
(34.5)		 1.4
(34.5)		 3.2
(37.8)		 4.2
(39.6)		 6.8
(44.2)		 10.2
(50.4)		 11.9
(53.4)		 11.7
(53.1)		 9.6
(49.3)		 6.9
(44.4)		 4.0
(39.2)		 1.7
(35.1)		 6.1
(43.0)
Record low °C (°F) −18.2
(−0.8)		 −11.2
(11.8)		 −11.8
(10.8)		 −3.9
(25.0)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 3.5
(38.3)		 2.2
(36.0)		 −0.1
(31.8)		 −3.8
(25.2)		 −9.9
(14.2)		 −17.2
(1.0)		 −18.2
(−0.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 60.0
(2.36)		 44.0
(1.73)		 50.7
(2.00)		 49.5
(1.95)		 57.2
(2.25)		 59.2
(2.33)		 56.5
(2.22)		 57.0
(2.24)		 60.0
(2.36)		 81.3
(3.20)		 75.5
(2.97)		 75.5
(2.97)		 726.2
(28.59)
Average rainy days 12.3 10.5 11.5 10.3 9.7 9.6 9.9 10.6 9.8 13.8 14.4 13.2 135.5
Source 1: Met Office[13]
Source 2: en.tutiempo[14]

Transport

Close towns include Connah's Quay 3 miles, Mold 6 miles, Flint 7 miles and Wrexham 11 miles.

Hawarden railway station is on the Borderlands Line with services direct to Birkenhead to the north and to Wrexham to the south.

There are three interchanges with local roads onto the major A55 road linking North Wales to Chester and the major A494 road linking Dolgellau via Mold to the Wirral where it divides into the roads towards Liverpool and Manchester (the M53 and M56 motorways) - the village has a choice of three routes towards Chester city centre.

Hawarden Airport lies some 2 miles east of the village.

Notable residents
Monument to William Gladstone

See also

Notes and references
Notes
  1. The Fox and Grapes, The Blue Bell and the Glynne Arms
  2. The name referring perhaps to the estuary as the terrain slopes unusually become much steeper along the straightened lower Dee's long channel with steeper sides here being within 3 miles (4.8 km) of the estuary - most of the village and Ewloe is at over 80 metres - compared to up to 20 metres on both sides nearer to Chester and Broughton above ordnance datum (sea level).[5]
References
  1. "Ward population 2011". Retrieved 24 May 2015.
  2. "Community population 2011". Retrieved 24 May 2015.
  3. "2001 Census: Hawarden Community". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 30 May 2008.
  4. "Hawarden named as one of the best places to live in UK". North Wales News. 14 March 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  5. Grid Ref Finder measurement tools|The 1848 Topographical dictionary states 16,444 acres, whereof 1292 are common or waste...It abounds with coal in various parts, the strata of which lie under freestone, and shale of a saponaceous quality, with occasional beds of ironstone and gravel. The upper seam of coal, called the Hollin coal, is from six to seven feet in depth; the second, called the Brassy coal, about three feet in thickness; the third, called the rough coal, also about three feet thick; and the fourth and lowest seam, called the main coal, ten feet in thickness. This last, which is of very superior quality, is in great request for the Dublin and other markets. Collieries are worked on an extensive scale, in various parts of the parish; and there are large works for making fire-bricks, tiles, and draining-pipes; also potteries for the manufacture of the coarser kinds of earthenware. A laboratory for the making of Glauber salts, sal ammoniac, and ivory-black, was established in the township of Saltney, in the year 1781, and is conducted on an extensive scale, but for the manufacture of ivory-black only. The river Dee, or Chester channel, passes on the north-east of the town; and there are two tramroads for the conveyance of produce from the various collieries and potteries to the river. The Chester and Holyhead railway runs for about seven miles through the parish, parallel with the river Dee; and in 1847 an act was passed for the construction of a line from the Holyhead railway in the parish of Hawarden to the town of Mold, with branches to the Upper King's Ferry on the Dee, and the Frith lime-works near Hope. Several schooners and flats are employed in the transport of coal, bricks, and other articles produced here; and two smacks are engaged in a fishery off the Isle of Man, which is conducted by inhabitants of the parish. The market is on Saturday; and fairs, principally for cattle, are annually held on April 28th and October 22nd.
  6. Lewis, Samuel (1833). A Topographical Dictionary of Wales. II (1st ed.). London: S. Lewis and Co. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  7. Samuel Lewis (1849). "Halghston - Hawarden". A Topographical Dictionary of Wales. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  8. The Times, 3 February 1886
  9. Openstreetmap see building use.
  10. "Community Council". Hawarden Community Council. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  11. The County of Flintshire (Electoral Arrangements) Order 1998. legislation.gov.uk. Statutory Instruments. 1998. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
  12. "Flintshire Record Office". Flintshire County Council. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  13. "1981–10 Rainfall". Retrieved 13 October 2017.
  14. https://en.tutiempo.net/climate/ws-33210.html
  15. "Star's old home for sale". BBC News. 12 January 2004. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
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