Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne

The Marquess of Lansdowne
The Most Honourable; The Marquess of Lansdowne; KG PC FRS
Leader of the House of Lords
	In office; 6 July 1846 – 27 February 1852
Monarch	Queen Victoria
Prime Minister	Lord John Russell
Preceded by	The Duke of Wellington
Succeeded by	The Earl of Derby
Lord President of the Council
	In office; 6 July 1846 – 27 February 1852
Monarch	Queen Victoria
Prime Minister	Lord John Russell
Preceded by	The Duke of Buccleuch
Succeeded by	The Earl of Lonsdale
	In office; 23 April 1835 – 3 September 1841
Monarch	William IV; Queen Victoria
Prime Minister	The Viscount Melbourne
Preceded by	The Earl of Rosslyn
Succeeded by	The Lord Wharncliffe
	In office; 22 November 1830 – 14 November 1834
Monarch	William IV
Prime Minister	The Earl Grey; The Viscount Melbourne
Preceded by	The Earl Bathurst
Succeeded by	The Earl of Rosslyn
Secretary of State for the Home Department
	In office; 16 July 1827 – 22 January 1828
Monarch	George IV
Prime Minister	The Viscount Goderich
Preceded by	William Sturges Bourne
Succeeded by	Robert Peel
Chancellor of the Exchequer
	In office; 5 February 1806 – 26 March 1807
Monarch	George III
Prime Minister	The Lord Grenville
Preceded by	William Pitt the Younger
Succeeded by	Spencer Perceval
Member of the House of Lords; Lord Temporal
	In office; 16 November 1809 – 31 January 1863; Hereditary Peerage
Preceded by	The 2nd Marquess of Lansdowne
Succeeded by	The 4th Marquess of Lansdowne
Member of Parliament; for Cambridge University
	In office; 15 December 1806 – 27 April 1807
Preceded by	William Pitt the Younger
Succeeded by	Vicary Gibbs
Member of Parliament; for Calne
	In office; 31 August 1802 – 24 October 1806
Preceded by	Sir Francis Baring, Bt
Succeeded by	Osborne Markham
Personal details
Born	2 July 1780; Lansdowne House, Mayfair, Middlesex, England
Died	31 January 1863 (aged 82); Bowood House, Derry Hill, Wiltshire, England
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Lady Louisa Fox-Strangways ; (1785–1851)
Alma mater	University of Edinburgh ; Trinity College, Cambridge

Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, PC, FRS (2 July 1780 – 31 January 1863), known as Lord Henry Petty from 1784 to 1809, was a British statesman. In a ministerial career spanning nearly half a century, he notably served as Home Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer and was three times Lord President of the Council.

Background and education

Lansdowne was the son of Prime Minister William Petty, 1st Marquess of Lansdowne (better known as the Earl of Shelburne) by his second marriage to Lady Louisa, daughter of John FitzPatrick, 1st Earl of Upper Ossory. He was educated at Westminster School, the University of Edinburgh, and Trinity College, Cambridge.[1][2]

Political career

He entered the House of Commons in 1802 as member for the family borough of Calne and quickly showed his mettle as a politician. In February 1806 he became Chancellor of the Exchequer in Lord Grenville's Ministry of All the Talents, being at this time member for the University of Cambridge, but he lost both his seat and his office in 1807. In 1809 he became Marquess of Lansdowne, and in the House of Lords and in society he continued to play an active part as one of the Whig leaders. His chief interest was perhaps in the question of Roman Catholic emancipation, a cause which he consistently championed, but he sympathised also with the advocates of the abolition of the slave-trade and with the cause of popular education. Lansdowne, who had succeeded his cousin, Francis Thomas Fitzmaurice, as 4th Earl of Kerry in 1818, took office with Canning in May 1827 and was Secretary of State for the Home Department from July of that year until January 1828.[1]

He was Lord President of the Council under Earl Grey and then under Lord Melbourne from November 1830 to August 1841, with the exception of the few months in 1835 when Sir Robert Peel was prime minister. He held the same office during the whole of Lord John Russell's ministry (1846–1852), and, having declined to become prime minister, sat in the cabinets of Lord Aberdeen and of Lord Palmerston, but without office. In 1857 he refused the offer of a dukedom, and he died on 31 January 1863. Lansdowne's social influence and political moderation made him one of the most powerful Whig statesmen of the time; he was frequently consulted by Queen Victoria on matters of moment, and his long official experience made his counsel invaluable to his party.[1]

Other public appointments

Lansdowne chaired the inaugural meeting of the London Statistical Society, and was its first president (1834–1836). He later served a second term (1842–1844). (See The Times 15 and 17 March 1834, and John Bibby (1987) HOTS: History of Teaching Statistics.)

Family

Lord Lansdowne married Lady Louisa Fox-Strangways, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Ilchester, in 1808. She died in April 1851, aged 65. Lord Lansdowne died in January 1863, aged 82. His eldest son, the Earl of Kerry, had predeceased him and he was succeeded in the marquessate by his eldest surviving son Henry. The latter was the father of Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, who also became a distinguished statesman.

References

One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lansdowne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, 1st Marquess of s.v. Henry Petty Fitzmaurice". Encyclopædia Britannica. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 184.
"Fitzmaurice, Lord Henry Petty (FTSY798HP)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

External links

In A Great Stream from a Petty-Fountain (1806), James Gillray caricatured the budget of Petty, then the new Chancellor of the Exchequer, as a stream from which his fellow Whigs fed. Petty is the fountainhead at the upper right.

"Archival material relating to Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne". UK National Archives.
Obituary in Illustrated London News, 14 February 1863.
Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Marquess of Lansdowne

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Joseph Jekyll Sir Francis Baring, Bt	Member of Parliament for Calne 1802 – 1806 With: Joseph Jekyll	Succeeded by Joseph Jekyll Osborne Markham
Preceded by William Pitt the Younger Earl of Euston	Member of Parliament for Cambridge University 1806 – 1807 With: Earl of Euston	Succeeded by Earl of Euston Sir Vicary Gibbs
Preceded by Robert Adair Viscount Maitland	Member of Parliament for Camelford 1807–1809 With: Robert Adair	Succeeded by Robert Adair Henry Brougham
Political offices
Preceded by William Pitt the Younger	Chancellor of the Exchequer 1806–1807	Succeeded by Spencer Perceval
Preceded by William Sturges Bourne	Home Secretary 1827–1828	Succeeded by Sir Robert Peel, Bt
Preceded by The Earl Bathurst	Lord President of the Council 1830–1834	Succeeded by The Earl of Rosslyn
Preceded by The Earl of Rosslyn	Lord President of the Council 1835–1841	Succeeded by The Lord Wharncliffe
Preceded by The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry	Lord President of the Council 1846–1852	Succeeded by The Earl of Lonsdale
Preceded by The Duke of Wellington	Leader of the House of Lords 1846–1852	Succeeded by The Earl of Derby
Party political offices
Preceded by The Viscount Melbourne	Leader of the Whigs in the House of Lords 1842–1855	Succeeded by The Earl Granville
Preceded by The Viscount Melbourne	Leader of the British Whig Party 1842 – 1846 – with Lord John Russell	Succeeded by Lord John Russell
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by John Petty	Marquess of Lansdowne 1809–1863	Succeeded by Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
Preceded by John Petty	Earl Wycombe 1809–1863	Succeeded by Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by Francis Thomas-Fitzmaurice	Earl of Kerry 1818–1863	Succeeded by Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice
Academic offices
Preceded by Thomas Campbell	Rector of the University of Glasgow 1829–1831	Succeeded by Henry Thomas Cockburn
Honorary titles
Preceded by The Earl of Pembroke	Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire 1827–1863	Succeeded by The Marquess of Ailesbury
Preceded by The Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale	Senior Privy Counsellor 1851–1863	Succeeded by The Viscount Palmerston

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[EB1911-1] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Lansdowne, William Petty Fitzmaurice, 1st Marquess of s.v. Henry Petty Fitzmaurice". Encyclopædia Britannica. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 184.

[2] "Fitzmaurice, Lord Henry Petty (FTSY798HP)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society
19th century	1834–1836 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1836–1838 Sir Charles Lemon, Bt 1838–1840 The Earl FitzWilliam 1840–1842 Viscount Sandon 1842–1843 The Marquess of Lansdowne 1843–1845 Lord Ashley 1845–1847 The Lord Monteagle of Brandon 1847–1849 The Earl FitzWilliam 1849–1851 The Earl of Harrowby 1851–1853 The Lord Overstone 1853–1855 The Earl FitzWilliam 1855–1857 The Earl of Harrowby 1857–1859 Lord Stanley 1859–1861 Lord John Russell 1861–1863 Sir John Pakington, Bt 1863–1865 William Henry Sykes 1865–1867 The Lord Houghton 1867–1869 William Ewart Gladstone 1869–1871 William Newmarch 1871–1873 William Farr 1873–1875 William Guy 1875–1877 James Heywood 1877–1879 George Shaw-Lefevre 1879–1880 Thomas Brassey 1880–1882 James Caird 1882–1884 Robert Giffen 1884–1886 Rawson W. Rawson 1886–1888 George Goschen 1888–1890 Thomas Graham Balfour 1890–1892 Frederic J. Mouat 1892–1894 Charles Booth 1894–1896 The Lord Farrer 1896–1897 John Biddulph Martin 1897 Alfred Edmund Bateman 1897–1899 Leonard Courtney 1899–1900 Henry Fowler 1900–1902 The Lord Avebury
20th century	1902–1904 Patrick George Craigie 1904–1905 Sir Francis Powell, Bt 1905–1906 The Earl of Onslow 1906–1907 Richard Martin 1907–1909 Sir Charles Dilke, Bt 1909–1910 Jervoise Athelstane Baines 1910–1912 Lord George Hamilton 1912–1914 Francis Ysidro Edgeworth 1914–1915 The Lord Welby 1915–1916 Lord George Hamilton 1916–1918 Bernard Mallet, Registrar General 1918–1920 Herbert Samuel 1920–1922 R. Henry Rew 1922–1924 The Lord Emmott 1924–1926 Udny Yule 1926–1928 The Viscount D'Abernon 1928–1930 A. William Flux 1930–1932 Sir Josiah Stamp 1932–1934 The Lord Meston 1934–1936 Major Greenwood 1936–1938 The Lord Kennet 1938–1940 Arthur Lyon Bowley 1940–1941 Henry William Macrosty 1941 Hector Leak 1941–1943 William Beveridge 1943–1945 Charles Ernest Snow 1945–1947 The Lord Woolton 1947–1949 David Heron 1949–1950 Sir Geoffrey Heyworth 1950–1952 Austin Bradford Hill 1952–1954 Ronald Fisher 1954–1955 The Lord Piercy 1955–1957 Egon Pearson 1957–1959 Harry Campion 1959–1960 Hugh Beaver 1960–1962 Maurice Kendall 1962–1964 Joseph Oscar Irwin 1964–1965 Sir Paul Chambers 1965–1966 L. H. C. Tippett 1966–1967 M. S. Bartlett 1967–1968 Frank Yates 1968–1969 Arthur Cockfield 1969–1970 R. G. D. Allen 1970–1971 Bernard Benjamin 1971–1972 George Alfred Barnard 1972–1973 Harold Wilson 1973–1974 D. J. Finney 1974–1975 Henry Daniels 1975–1977 Stella Cunliffe 1977–1978 Henry Wynn 1978–1980 Sir Claus Moser 1980–1982 David Cox 1982–1984 Peter Armitage 1984–1985 Walter Bodmer 1985–1986 John Nelder 1986–1987 James Durbin 1987–1989 John Kingman 1989–1991 Peter G. Moore 1991–1993 T. M. F. Smith 1993–1995 D. J. Bartholomew 1995–1997 Adrian Smith 1997–1999 R. N. Curnow 1999–2001 Denise Lievesley
21st century	2001–2003 Peter Green 2003–2005 Andy Grieve 2005–2007 Tim Holt 2008–2009 David Hand 2010–2010 Bernard Silverman (resigned Feb 2010; replaced pro tem by David Hand) 2011–2012 Valerie Isham 2013–2014 John Pullinger 2014–2016 Peter Diggle 2017–2018 David Spiegelhalter 2019– Deborah Ashby
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