Israel–Sudan relations

Israel and Sudan relations refers to diplomatic ties between Israel and Sudan. Officially, up until 2020, the two countries did not have bilateral relations, but according to Israeli Deputy Minister for Regional Cooperation Ayoob Kara, they maintained covert ties. On October 23, 2020, Israel and Sudan announced the establishment of formal bilateral ties for the first time, making Sudan the fifth Arab nation, after Egypt, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain (the latter two in 2020), to fully recognize the State of Israel.[1]

Israel-Sudan relations

Israel

Sudan

As at 23 January 2021, Sudan has had a law since 1958 that forbids establishing relations with Israel, and outlaws business with citizens of Israel as well as business relationships with Israeli companies or companies with Israeli interests. The law also forbids the direct or indirect import of any Israeli goods.[2]

History

Sudan went to war with Israel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the Six-Day War in 1967, though it did not participate in the Suez Crisis. In the early 1950s, Sudan – then still not independent – had active trade relations with Israel.[3]

Sudan did not actively participate in the Yom Kippur War, as Sudanese forces arrived too late to participate. Israel backed Christian militias that fought the Sudanese government in the First and Second Sudanese Civil Wars.

Normalization

In January 2016, Sudanese Foreign Minister Ibrahim Ghandour floated normalized ties with Israel provided the U.S. government lifted economic sanctions.[4] Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir followed that up by saying in an interview with Saudi newspaper Okaz, "Even if Israel had conquered Syria, it would not have inflicted the destruction taking place there right now, would not have killed the number of people killed so far and would not have expelled people the way they are being expelled now."[5]

Israel flew medics and equipment to Sudan to try and save a diplomat, Najwa Gadah Aldam who worked as a political adviser to the president of Uganda Yoweri Museveni, when she was infected and later died from COVID-19.[6]

It was revealed in early September 2016 that Israel had contacted the U.S. government and other Western countries and encouraged them to take steps to improve relations with Sudan in the wake of the break in relations between the Arab-African country and Iran in the prior year.[7] Kara later revealed at an event in Beersheba that he was maintaining contacts with many Sudanese officials, and did not deny that a Sudanese official had recently visited Israel.[8] In February 2020, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the Chairman of the Sovereignty Council of Sudan, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, met in Uganda, where they agreed to normalize the ties between the two countries.[9] Later that month, Israeli planes were allowed to fly over Sudan.[10]

On 22 October 2020, an Israeli delegation visited Sudan, where they met with Abdel Fattah al-Burhan for talks on the normalization of ties between the two countries.[11] On 23 October 2020, Israel and Sudan agreed to a deal to normalize ties.[12][13]

See also

References

  1. i24News (25 January 2016). "01/24: Kara: Israel has ties with Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Oman, UAE, etc..." via YouTube.
  2. Sudan working to cancel Israel boycott law - report
  3. Gabriel R. Warburg: The Sudan and Israel – An Episode in Bilateral Relations, in: Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 28, No. 2 (April 1992), pp. 385–396.
  4. Surkes, Sue (21 January 2016). "Sudan said willing to consider normalizing ties with Israel". The Times of Israel.
  5. Eldar, Akiva (17 March 2016). "Will Israel revive its relationship with Khartoum?". Al-Monitor.
  6. "Israeli MDs fly to enemy Sudan in failed bid to save diplomat behind secret ties". The Times of Israel. 28 May 2020.
  7. Ravid, Barak (7 September 2016). "Israel Urges U.S., Europe to Bolster Ties With Sudan, Citing Apparent Split With Iran" via Haaretz.
  8. "معاريف: مسؤول سوداني زار تل أبيب.. ووزير إسرائيلي: 'لا تورطوني'". صدى البلد. 25 February 2017.
  9. Landau, Noa (3 February 2020). "Netanyahu, Sudanese Leader Meet in Uganda, Agree to Start Normalizing Ties" via Haaretz.
  10. Williams, Dan (16 February 2020). "Netanyahu says Israeli planes have started overflying Sudan". Reuters.
  11. "Israel delegation visits Sudan in push to normalise ties". Al Jazeera. 22 October 2020.
  12. "Sudan-Israel relations agreed, Donald Trump announces". BBC News. 24 October 2020. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  13. Steinhauser, Gabriele; Bariyo, Nicholas (23 October 2020). "Israel-Sudan Deal: Sudan Removed From U.S. Terrorism List". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
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