Kyle of Tongue

The Kyle of Tongue (Scottish Gaelic: Caol Thunga) is a shallow sea loch[2] in northwest Highland, Scotland, in the western part of Sutherland. Featuring a rocky coastline, its mouth is formed at Tongue Bay. The community of Tongue is situated on the Kyle's eastern shore and the loch is crossed by the Kyle of Tongue Bridge and Causeway.

Kyle of Tongue National Scenic Area
Ben Loyal on the west side of Kyle of Tongue.
The location of the Kyle of Tongue within Sutherland.
LocationSutherland, Highland, Scotland
Coordinates58.477°N 4.453°W / 58.477; -4.453
Area245 km2 (95 sq mi)[1]
Established1981
Governing bodyNatureScot

The sea loch and surrounding countryside is designated as the Kyle of Tongue National Scenic Area, one of the forty such areas in Scotland, which are defined so as to identify areas of exceptional scenery and to ensure its protection from inappropriate development.[3] The designated area covers 24,488 ha in total, of which 21,093 ha is on land, with a further 3396 ha being marine (i.e. below low tide level),[1] and takes in the nearby mountains of Ben Hope and Ben Loyal as well as several small islands and the coastline as far east as Bettyhill.[4]

History
Castle Varrich, overlooking the Kyle.

According to the Origines Parochiales Scotiae, Castle Varrich, an old square tower on a hill on the east side of the Kyle, was the residence of Karl Hundason, who made an effort to conquer Scotland on the death of Malcolm II.[5] There are three brochs: on the Kyle's east side opposite Melness; at the head of the Kyle; and at Dunbuie, a hill on the west side of the Kyle.[6]

In 1746, a naval engagement occurred at the Kyle involving Bonnie Prince Charlie's Jacobite rebellion.[7] The Jacobite ship Le Prince Charles, commanded by Captain Richard Talbot, was bringing a large amount of French gold to aid the Jacobite cause. It was chased by a British squadron and one of the Royal Navy frigates eventually caught up with it in the Kyle of Tongue, on 25 February 1746. A fierce five-hour battle took place: the Jacobite ship fought bravely, but in the end was defeated. The failure of the gold to reach the Prince's army was one of the main factors which led to the Battle of Culloden.[8]

Geography

Kyle of Tongue is situated 8 miles (13 km) east of Loch Eriboll. Its western entrance is between Cnoc Glass and Roan Island; the eastern entrance is between Rosin Island and Neave Island. From Roan Island, the Kyle trends in a south and southwest direction for 7 miles (11 km) to Kinloch. A large portion of it is sandy, with a narrow bar-encumbered channel running through it. The depths range from approximately 18 fathoms west of Roan Island to 5 fathoms in the area 1.5 miles (2.4 km) above where the shallows begin. There is no channel into the Kyle of Tongue along the western shore.[9] Derry (or Loch an Dithreibh) is a lake which empties into the head of the Kyle of Tongue.[10] Strathtongue, an 8-mile (13 km) long stream, runs to the Kyle.[11]

Flora and fauna

The surrounding hills are characterized by meadows, grasses, and heath. There is moorland between the Kyle and Loch Eriboll.[12] Much of the area is protected as part of the Natura 2000 network, forming part of the Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands, which are protected as both a Special Protection Area and a Special Area of Conservation.[13][14] Water fauna within the Kyle include salmon and sea trout,[15] whilst whales and otters can be found at the mouth of the loch.[16] Bird species living in the area include barn swallows, black-headed gulls, ravens, redshanks, wood pigeons, herring gulls, collared doves, curlews, oystercatchers, golden plovers, great black-backed gulls, cormorants, grey herons, greylag geese, house martins, house sparrows, meadow pipits, common gulls, red-throated divers, and rock pigeons.[17] Additionally, a number of raptor species can be found, including golden eagles, hen harriers, merlins and short-eared owls.[13]

Land ownership

Much of the land on the western and southern sides of the Kyle, including the mountains of Ben Hope and Ben Loyal and the former hunting lodge of Kinloch Lodge, belongs to Danish billionaire Anders Holch Povlsen.[18][19][20] The land on the eastern shore forms part of the extensive estates of the Countess of Sutherland, currently Elizabeth Sutherland, 24th Countess of Sutherland.[21]

References
  1. "National Scenic Areas - Maps". SNH. 2010-12-20. Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
  2. Smith, Robin; Lawson, Alan (2001). The making of Scotland: a comprehensive guide to the growth of its cities, towns, and villages. Canongate U.S. pp. 904–. ISBN 978-1-84195-170-6. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  3. "National Scenic Areas". NatureScot. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  4. "Kyle of Tongue National Scenic Area". NatureScot. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  5. Gunn, Adam; Mackay, John (1897). Sutherland and the Reay country: history, antiquities, folklore, topography, regiments, ecclesiastical records, poetry and music, etc (Public domain. ed.). J. Mackay. pp. 113–. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  6. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1890). Transactions of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (Public domain ed.). W. and A. Smellie for W. Creech, Edinburgh, and T. Cadell, London. pp. 191–. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  7. Reid, Donald; Humphreys, Rob (2 May 2011). The Rough Guide to Scottish Highlands & Islands. Penguin. pp. 524–. ISBN 978-1-4053-8942-6. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  8. C. Duffy, The 45 (2003), pp. 461–464.
  9. United States. Hydrographic Office (1915). British Islands pilot (Public domain ed.). Govt. print. off. pp. 339, 343–. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  10. Groome, Francis Hindes (1882). Ordnance gazetteer of Scotland: a survey of Scottish topography, statistical, biographical and historical (Public domain ed.). T. C. Jack. pp. 352–. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  11. The Topographical, Statistical, and Historical Gazetteer of Scotland: I-Z (Public domain ed.). A. Fullarton. 1853. pp. 761–. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  12. Seemann, Berthold (1 January 1885). Journal of Botany, British and Foreign (Public domain ed.). West, Newman & Co. pp. 836–. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  13. "Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands SPA". NatureScot. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  14. "Caithness and Sutherland Peatlands SAC". NatureScot. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  15. "Tongue". Mackay Country. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  16. Scottish Canoe Association (20 May 2005). Scottish Canoe Touring: An SCA Canoe and Kayak Guide. Pesda Press. pp. 22–. ISBN 978-0-9547061-3-5. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  17. "Kyle of Tongue, Scotland". birdingsiteguide.com. Aug 3, 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  18. "Property Page: Ben Loyal Estate". Who Owns Scotland. 22 November 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  19. "Property Page: Kinloch Estate". Who Owns Scotland. 18 May 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  20. "Property Page: Hope and Melness Estate". Who Owns Scotland. 31 December 2002. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  21. "Property Page: Sutherland Estate". Who Owns Scotland. 31 December 2002. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
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