Dumfries and Galloway

The region has a number of south running water systems which break through the Southern Uplands creating the main road, and rail, arteries north–south through the region and breaking the hills up into a number of ranges.

• River Cree valley carries the A714 north-westward from Newton Stewart to Girvan and Water of Minnoch valley which lies just west of the Galloway Hills carries a minor road northward through Glentrool village into South Ayrshire. This road leaves the A714 at Bargrennan.
• Water of Ken and River Dee form a corridor through the hills called the Glenkens[3] which carries the A713 road from Castle Douglas to Ayr. The Galloway Hills lie to the west of this route through the hills and the Carsphairn and Scaur Hills lie to the east.
• River Nith rises between Dalmellington and New Cumnock in Ayrshire and runs east then south down Nithsdale to Dumfries. Nithsdale carries both the A76 road and the rail line from Dumfries to Kilmarnock. It separates the Carsphairn and Scaur Hills from the Lowther Hills which lie east of the Nith.
• River Annan combines with Evan Water and the River Clyde to form one of the principal routes into central Scotland from England – through Annandale and Clydesdale – carrying the M74 and the west coast railway line. This gap through the hills separates the Lowthers from the Moffat Hills.
• River Esk enters the Solway Firth just south of Gretna having travelled south from Langholm and Eskdalemuir. The A7 travels up Eskdale as far as Langholm and from Langholm carries on up the valley of Ewes Water to Teviothead where it starts to follow the River Teviot to Hawick. Eskdale itself heads north west from Langholm through Bentpath and Eskdalemuir to Ettrick and Selkirk.

The A701 branches off the M74 at Beattock, goes through the town of Moffat, climbs to Annanhead above the Devil's Beef Tub (at the source of the River Annan) before passing the source of the River Tweed and carrying on to Edinburgh. Until fairly recent times the ancient route to Edinburgh travelled right up Annandale to the Beef Tub before climbing steeply to Annanhead.[4] The present road ascends northward on a ridge parallel to Annandale but to the west of it which makes for a much easier ascent.

From Moffat the A708 heads north east along the valley of Moffat Water (Moffatdale) on its way to Selkirk. Moffatdale separates the Moffat hills (to the north) from the Ettrick hills to the south.

There are three National Scenic Areas within this region.

• Nith Estuary:[5] this area follows the River Nith southward from just south of Dumfries into the Solway Firth. Dumfries itself has a rich history going back over 800 years as a Royal Burgh (1186) and is particularly remembered as the place where Robert the Bruce murdered the Red Comyn in 1306 before being crowned King of Scotland – and where Robert Burns spent his last years. His mausoleum is in St Michael's graveyard. Going down the east bank there is the village of Glencaple, Caerlaverock Castle, Caerlaverock Wild Fowl Trust, an ancient Roman fort on Ward Law Hill[6] and nearby in Ruthwell is the Ruthwell Cross and the Brow Well[7] where Robert Burns "took the waters" and bathed in the Solway just before his death. On the west bank, there are several walks and cycle routes in Mabie Forest,[8] Kirkconnell Flow[9] for the naturalist, the National Museum of Costume[10] just outside New Abbey and Sweetheart Abbey within the village. Criffel (569 metres) offers the hill walker a reasonably modest walk with views across the Solway to the Lake District. The house of John Paul Jones founder of the American Navy is also open to visitors near Kirkbean.
• East Stewartry Coast:[11] this takes in the coast line from Balcary Point[12] eastward across Auchencairn Bay and the Rough Firth past Sandyhills to Mersehead.[13] There are several coastal villages within this area – Auchencairn, Kippford, Colvend, Rockcliffe, and Portling. There is also a round tower at Orchardton and the islands of Hestan Isle and Rough Island can be reached at low tide outside the breeding season for birds. Mersehead is a wildfowl reserve. The area has a number of coastal paths.
• Fleet Valley:[14] this area takes in Fleet Bay with its holiday destinations of Auchenlarie, Mossyard Bay, Cardoness, Sandgreen and Carrick Shore. The area also includes the town of Gatehouse of Fleet and the historic villages of Anworth and Girthon – there is a castle at Cardoness in the care of Historic Scotland.

The region was created in 1975, by merging the counties of Wigtownshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Dumfriesshire as a two-tier region with the districts of Wigtownshire, Stewartry, Nithsdale, and Annandale and Eskdale within it. After 1996 the unitary authority became known as Dumfries and Galloway Council still with Wigtownshire, Stewartry, Nithsdale, Annandale and Eskdale within it.

County councils as administrative authorities were created in 1889. The present-day, "Dumfries and Galloway Council Area" exist for administrative purposes.

The historic counties of Britain, at least most of them, have existed for around 1,000 years or more and are often logical geographical entities in themselves. In Scotland they originated as Sheriffdoms consisting of a group of parishes over which the sheriff had jurisdiction,[15] replacing native "Celtic" forms of government with Norman feudal structures.

A Virgin Pendolino leaving Lockerbie station for Carlisle

The region has seven working railway stations. All are on the Glasgow South Western Line, except Lockerbie which is on the West Coast Main Line.

• Stranraer railway station
• Kirkconnel railway station
• Sanquhar railway station
• Dumfries railway station
• Annan railway station
• Gretna Green railway station
• Lockerbie railway station

The area is served by buses which connect the main population centres. Express bus services link the main towns with Glasgow, Ayr, Edinburgh and Carlisle. Local bus services are also operated across the region.

Stena Line provided HSS sailings between Stranraer and Belfast

Dumfries and Galloway is home to two ports which have services to Northern Ireland, both are in the West of the region. Stena Line and P&O Irish Sea both have a port in the village of Cairnryan.

The region also has no commercial airports; the nearest are Glasgow Prestwick Airport and Carlisle Lake District Airport. The region does host a number of private airfields. The town of Lockerbie was the scene of the Pan Am Flight 103 terrorist attack on 21 December 1988.

The main roads to and from the region are:

• A74(M)
• A75
• A76
• A77
• A701
• A709

The mainline from Dumfries railway station via Newton Stewart to Stranraer Harbour railway station, was closed under the Beeching Axe. The line previously connected London Euston and the West Coast Main Line with the ferries to Larne Harbour railway station and the Port of Belfast.

The Port Road to Stranraer being the last to go in June 1965 leaving only the original G&SWR main line open to serve the Stranraer. The Beeching Axe cutting the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway and Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Railway has resulted in adverse mileage to connect Stranraer with a longer line via Kilmarnock and Ayr.

• Kilquhanity School

For a list of nurseries and primary schools see this page.

The Minerva building of Dumfries Academy

• Annan Academy
• Castle Douglas High School
• Dalbeattie High School
• Douglas Ewart High School, Newton Stewart
• Dalry Secondary School
• Dumfries Academy
• Dumfries High School
• Kirkcudbright Academy
• Langholm Academy
• Lockerbie Academy
• Maxwelltown High School, Dumfries
• Moffat Academy
• Sanquhar Academy
• St Joseph's College
• Stranraer Academy
• Wallace Hall Academy, Thornhill

The 2003 election returned a council with no party having overall control.[34] A 'silver' coalition was first formed, involving all parties but Conservative and Labour. After this coalition resigned[35] Labour took minority control of the council. The following councillors were elected:

The 2007 election returned the following councillors:

After the resignation of Bruce Hodgson (Conservative councillor for the Abbey ward) a by-election was held on 1 May 2008, and Michael Thomson (Conservative) was elected as the replacement councillor.[36] On 20 May 2008, Councillor Robert Higgins stood down as Scottish National Party (SNP) Group Leader, after he received a triple driving ban for reckless driving.[37] Similarly Councillor John Charteris (Conservative) was banned from driving for 12 months and fined £500 after he admitted to drunk driving at Dumfries Sheriff Court on 29 August 2008[38]

The 2012 election returned the following councillors:

The council was controlled by a Conservative and Scottish National Party (SNP) coalition until late 2013, when the resignation of seven Conservative councillors left the coalition without an outright majority.[39] The council was then controlled from October 2013 by a Labour and SNP coalition[40] until June 2014, when the SNP left due to concerns about how a decision was taken to site a learning hub in Dumfries.[41] The council was then run by a minority administration led by Scottish Labour and Craig Peacock, an Independent, until the 2017 elections.

The 2017 election returned the following councillors:

By political groupings

• Graham Bell
• Ian Blake
• Ian Carruthers Group Leader
• Karen Carruthers
• John Charteris
• Douglas Fairbairn
• Andrew Giusti
• Patsy Gilroy
• Ivor Hyslop
• David Inglis
• David James
• Malcolm Johnstone
• Gail MacGregor
• Graham Nicol Group Depute Leader
• Matthew Ronnie

• James H Dempster
• Archie Dryburgh
• Jeff Leaver
• Sean W Marshall
• John Martin
• David J McKie
• Elaine Murray Group Leader
• Ronnie Nicholson
• Tommy Sloan
• David Stitt
• Adam Wilson

• Dougie Campbell
• John Campbell
• Rob Davidson Group Leader
• Katie Hagmann Secretary
• Andrew Ferguson
• Tracey Little
• Henry McClelland
• Ros Surtees
• Stephen Thompson Group Depute Leader
• Andrew S Wood
• John Young

• Iain Howie
• Jane Maitland
• Jim McColm

• Richard Brodie

• Willie Scobie