Leaders of South Vietnam

This is a list of leaders of South Vietnam, since the establishment of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina in 1946 until the fall of the Republic of Vietnam in 1975, and the reunification of Vietnam in 1976.

"President of the Republic of Vietnam" redirects here. For the President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, see President of Vietnam.

The Office of the President of Republic of Vietnam in Independence Palace, Saigon, South Vietnam.

Color keys
Colour key
(for political parties)
  Cochinchinese Democratic Party
  Military (VNA / RVNMF)
  Independent
  Constitutional Party
  Vietnamese Nationalist Party
  Nationalist Party
  Cần Lao Party
  National Social Democratic Front
  Democratic Party
  Forces for National Reconciliation
  National Liberation Front (Việt Cộng)

Heads of state
President of the
Republic of Vietnam
ResidenceIndependence Palace, Saigon
AppointerDirect election
PrecursorChief of the State of Vietnam
Formation26 October 1955
First holderNgô Đình Diệm
Final holderDương Văn Minh
Abolished30 April 1975
SuccessionChairman of the Consultative Council of the Provisional Revolutionary Government

Chiefs of the State of Vietnam (1949–1955)
No. Portrait Name
(Born-Died)		 Term of office Party
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Bảo Đại
(1912–1997)		 13 June 1949 30 April 1955 5 years, 321 days Independent
—
 Ngô Đình Diệm
(1901–1963)		 30 April 1955 26 October 1955 179 days Can Lao

Presidents of the First Republic of Vietnam (1955–1963)
Number Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Affiliation
1 Ngô Đình Diệm
(1901–1963)		 26 October 1955 2 November 1963 † Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party

Heads of state

During the military junta period, the heads of state of South Vietnam did not always hold real power, the heads of military were de facto leaders of the nation. Sometimes the heads of state and heads of military were held by the same person, for example: Duong Van Minh from 2 November 1963 to 30 January 1964 or Nguyen Khanh from 16 August 1964 to 27 August 1964.

Number Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Affiliation Title
1 Dương Văn Minh
(1916–2001)		 2 November 1963 30 January 1964 Military Chief of State and
Chairman of Military Revolutionary Council (until 30 January 1964)
30 January 1964 16 August 1964 Chief of State
2 Nguyễn Khánh
(1927–2013)		 16 August 1964 27 August 1964 Military Chief of State and
Chairman of Military Revolutionary Council
*
 Provisional Leadership Committee
(Minh, Khanh and Khiem)		 27 August 1964 8 September 1964 Military Provisional Leadership Committee
1 Dương Văn Minh
(1916–2001)		 8 September 1964 24 October 1964 Military Chief of State and
Chairman of Provisional Leadership Committee
3 Phan Khắc Sửu
(1893–1970)		 24 October 1964 20 December 1964 Independent Chief of State and
Chairman of High National Council (until 20 December 1964)
20 December 1964 14 June 1965 Chief of State
4 Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
(1923–2001)		 14 June 1965 3 September 1967 Military Chief of State and
Chairman of National Leadership Committee

Heads of military

During the military junta period, heads of military held the real power in governing the nation. Sometimes head of state and head of military were held by the same person.

Name Military organization Term Military title Head of state at that time
Duong Van Minh Revolutionary Military Council 2 November 1963 – 30 January 1964 Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council himself
Nguyen Khanh Revolutionary Military Council 30 January 1964 – 27 August 1964 Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council Duong Van Minh (30 January 1964 – 16 August 1964)
himself (16 August 1964 – 27 August 1964)
Duong Van Minh
Nguyen Khanh
Tran Thien Khiem		 Provisional Leadership Committee (collective leadership) 27 August 1964 – 24 October 1964 Provisional Leadership Committee itself (27 August 1964 – 8 September 1964)
Duong Van Minh (8/9/1964 – 24 October 1964)
Short period of civilian government of the Chief of State Phan Khac Suu (24 October 1964 – 20 December 1964)
Nguyen Khanh Military Council 18 December 1964 – 25 February 1965 Chairman of the Military Council Phan Khac Suu
Nguyen Van Thieu Military Council 25 February 1965 – 14 June 1965 Chairman of the Military Council Phan Khac Suu
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu National Leadership Committee 14 June 1965 – 1 September 1967 Chairman of the National Leadership Committee himself

Presidents of the Second Republic of Vietnam (1967–1975)
Number Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Affiliation
2 Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
(1923–2001)		 3 September 1967 21 April 1975 National Social Democratic Front
3 Trần Văn Hương
(1902–1982)		 21 April 1975 28 April 1975 Independent
4 Dương Văn Minh
(1916–2001)		 28 April 1975 30 April 1975 Military

Vice Presidents of the Second Republic of Vietnam (1967–1975)
Number Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Affiliation
1 Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
(1930–2011)		 31 October 1967 23 August 1971 Independent
2 Trần Văn Hương
(1902–1982)		 23 August 1971 21 April 1975 Independent
Vacant
(21 April 1975 – 30 April 1975)

Heads of government
Prime Minister of South Vietnam
Coat of arms
(1963–75)
Longest serving
Trần Thiện Khiêm
(22 August 1969 – 5 April 1975)
Government of South Vietnam
StatusAbolished
ResidenceGia Long Palace (1946–55)
AppointerEmperor (1949–55)
President (1963–75)
PrecursorPrime Minister of the Empire of Vietnam
Formation1 June 1946
4 November 1963
First holderNguyễn Văn Thinh
Final holderVũ Văn Mẫu
Abolished26 October 1955
30 April 1975
SuccessionChairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Government
No. Portrait Name
(Born-Died)		 Term of office Party
Took office Left office Time in office
Prime Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina
(1946–1948)
1 Nguyễn Văn Thinh
(1888–1946)		 1 June 1946 10 November 1946 162 days Cochinchinese Democratic Party
2 Lê Văn Hoạch
(1896–1978)		 29 November 1946 29 September 1947 304 days Independent
3 Nguyễn Văn Xuân
(1892–1989)		 8 October 1947 27 May 1948 232 days Military
Prime Ministers of the Provisional Central Government
(1948–1949)
3 Nguyễn Văn Xuân
(1892–1989)		 27 May 1948 14 June 1949 1 year, 18 days Military
Prime Ministers of the State of Vietnam
(1949–1955)
1 Bảo Đại
(1912–1997)		 14 June 1949 21 January 1950 221 days Independent
2 Nguyễn Phan Long
(1889–1960)		 21 January 1950 27 April 1950 96 days Constitutional Party
3 Trần Văn Hữu
(1896–1984)		 6 May 1950 6 June 1952 2 years, 31 days Independent
4 Nguyễn Văn Tâm
(1893–1990)		 6 June 1952 17 December 1953 1 year, 194 days Nationalist Party
5 Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Lộc
(1914–1990)		 11 January 1954 16 June 1954 156 days Independent
6 Ngô Đình Diệm
(1901–1963)		 16 June 1954 26 October 1955 1 year, 132 days Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party
Prime Ministers of the Republic of Vietnam
(1955–1975)
Abolished
(26 October 1955 – 4 November 1963)
1 Nguyễn Ngọc Thơ
(1908–1976)		 4 November 1963 28 February 1964 116 days Independent
2 Nguyễn Khánh
(1927–2013)		 28 February 1964 27 August 1964 181 days Military
—
 Nguyễn Xuân Oánh
(1921–2003)
Acting		 29 August 1964 3 September 1964 5 days Independent
(2) Nguyễn Khánh
(1927–2013)		 3 September 1964 4 November 1964 62 days Military
3 Trần Văn Hương
(1903–1982)		 4 November 1964 27 January 1965 84 days Independent
—
 Nguyễn Xuân Oánh
(1921–2003)
Acting		 27 January 1965 15 February 1965 19 days Independent
4 Phan Huy Quát
(1908–1979)		 16 February 1965 5 June 1965 109 days Nationalist Party
5 Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
(1930–2011)		 14 June 1965 1 September 1967 2 years, 48 days Military
6 Nguyễn Văn Lộc
(1922–1992)		 1 November 1967 17 May 1968 290 days Military
(3) Trần Văn Hương
(1903–1982)		 28 May 1968 22 August 1969 1 year, 86 days Independent
National Social Democratic Front
7 Trần Thiện Khiêm
(1925–)		 22 August 1969 5 April 1975 5 years, 226 days National Social Democratic Front
8 Nguyễn Bá Cẩn
(1930–2009)		 5 April 1975 25 April 1975 20 days Democratic Party
9 Vũ Văn Mẫu
(1914–1998)		 28 April 1975 30 April 1975 2 days Forces for National Reconciliation

Standards
  • Personal Standard of Bảo Đại, Chief of State of the State of Vietnam 1949–1955.
  • Presidential Standard of South Vietnam 1955–1963.
  • Flag of the President of South Vietnam as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.

See also
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