List of Chinese loanwords in Indonesian

The Chinese loanwords are usually concerned with cuisine, trade or often just exclusively things Chinese. According to the 2000 census, the relative number of people of Chinese descent in Indonesia (termed the peranakan) is almost 1% (totaling to about 3 million people, although this may likely be an underestimate due to an anti-Chinese sentiment that exists in some circles of the population), yet the peranakan are the most successful when it comes to business, trade, and cuisine. Words of Chinese origin (presented here with accompanying Hokkien/ Mandarin pronunciation derivatives as well as traditional and simplified characters) include pisau (匕首 bǐshǒu – knife), mie (T:麵, S:面, Hokkien mī – noodles), lumpia (潤餅 (Hokkien = lūn-piáⁿ) – springroll), teko (T:茶壺, S:茶壶 = cháhú [Mandarin], teh-ko [Hokkien] = teapot), 苦力 kuli = 苦 khu (bitter) and 力 li (energy) and even the widely used slang terms gua and lu (from the Hokkien 'goa' 我 and 'lu/li' 你 – meaning 'I/ me' and 'you'). Almost all loanwords in Indonesian of Chinese origin come from Hokkien (福建) or Hakka (客家).

Loanwords

A

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
acik, aci older women, such as older sister, aunt 阿姊 阿姊 Hakka â-chí, â-chè, â-che elder sister
Min Nan a-chí, a-ché
akeo son 阿哥 阿哥 Min Nan a-ko son
amah Chinese female house-assistant 阿嫲 阿嫲 Cantonese aa3 maa4 paternal grandmother
amoi Chinese girl 阿妹 阿妹 Hakka amoi younger sister
amsiong broken, bad luck 暗傷 暗伤 Min Nan àm-siong 1. internal or invisible injury.
2. indiscernible damage
angciu cooking wine used for food flavour enhancer 紅酒 红酒 Min Nan âng-chiú red wine
anghun red tobacco Min Nan âng-hun red smoke
angkak food coloring from rice fermentation by Monascus purpureus Min Nan âng-khak grains of red sticky rice (Oryza glutinosa), see also Monascus purpureus
anglo small stove 洪爐 洪炉 Min Nan âng-lô͘ furnace
anglung pavilion Min Nan âng-lô͘ red building perhaps related to "Dream of the Red Chamber" (紅樓夢, 红楼梦)
angpau, angpao gift money for Chinese New Year 紅包 红包 Min Nan âng-pau red envelope see also loanword from Mandarin "hongbao".
angsiau angsiau 紅燒 红烧 Min Nan âng-sio âng-sio type of cooking style in which fish or meat is braised in soy sauce
apek addressing parent, mister 阿伯 阿伯 Hakka â-pak paternal uncle, old man see also empek
auban bad person Min Nan áu-bân stubborn, arrogant, brutal

B

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
baba, babah addressing Chinese male 爸爸 爸爸 Mandarin bàba father
bacang, bakcang glutinous rice dumpling filled with meat Min Nan bak cang sticky rice dumpling
batau mantou 麵頭 面头 Min Nan bán-thâu mantou
bak (Chinese black) ink Min Nan ba̍k 1. Chinese ink or ink in general,
2. black; ink-coloured; dark
bakiak wooden clog 木屐 木屐 Min Nan ba̍k-kia̍h clog
bakmie (meat) noodle Min Nan bah-mī meat noodle
bakpao, bakpau bun Min Nan bah-pâu meatbun
bakpia bakpia Min Nan bah-piáⁿ bakpia related to piáⁿ
bakso meatball ? ? Min Nan bah-kiû Meatball
baktau, baktau madam (of a brothel), procuress 媌頭 媌头 Min Nan bâ-thâu madam (of a brothel), procuress
bakwan bakwan 肉丸 肉丸 Min Nan bah-oân
ban ten thousand Min Nan bān ten thousand
banci (Malaysia) census 民籍 民籍 Cantonese man4-zik6 census
Min Nan bîn-chi̍p
bangking A pomegranate-shaped container from brass or lacquer 網筐 网筐 Min Nan bǎng-kheng round lacquer box for storing clothes
bangsat 1. bed bug,
2. (colloquial) bad person.
木蝨 木虱 Min Nan ba̍t-sat, ba̍k-sat bed bug
banji decorative grilles used in windows 卍字 卍字 Amoy bān jī swastika-like pattern in lattice work
barongsai, baronsai Chinese lion dance 弄獅 弄狮 Min Nan lāng-sai lion dance
becak, beca cycle rickshaw 馬車 马车 Min Nan bé-chhia horse-drawn carriage
bengkoang, bengkuang Pachyrhizus erosus 風光 风光 Min Nan hong-kong scene, view
bengkong defense building, defense wall Min Nan hông sêng
bihun rice vermicelli 米粉 米粉 Min Nan bí-hún 1. rice vermicelli
2. rice flour
see also bihun
bohsia (Malaysia) pleasure-loving girl 無聲 无声 Min Nan bô-siaⁿ pleasure-loving girl? noiseless; voiceless; silent
boksu Chinese Christian pastor 牧師 牧师 Min Nan bo̍k-su pastor, minister, clergyman, priest, chaplain
bokcoi bok choy 白菜 白菜 Cantonese baak6 coi3 bok choy see bok choy (Brassica rapa chinensis)
Min Nan be̍h-chhài
bokek moneyless 沒錢 没钱 Min Nan bu̍t-chî moneyless
boksên (colloquial) boxing 拍木勝 拍木胜 Min Nan phah-bo̍k-sèng boxing
bolui moneyless 沒鐳 没镭 Min Nan bu̍t-lûi moneyless see bokek
bong Chinese graveyard Min Nan bōng tomb
bongmeh to feel the pulse,
to feel the feeling
摸脈 摸脉 Min Nan bong-me̍h to feel the pulse
bongpai gravestone 墓碑 墓碑 Min Nan bōng-pi grave stele
bopeng pockmarked 麻斑 麻斑 Min Nan bâ-pan pockmarked
bopok 1. heavyly damaged,
2. too frail
無卜 无卜 Min Nan bô-pok not going to; will not
boto beautiful (Jakarta) 無醜 无丑 Min Nan bô-thiú not ugly
bun small brass box Min Nan bûn to cover

C

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
caCuisine made from a mixture of meat (shrimp) and vegetables (mushrooms, petai, broccoli, bamboo shoots, cauliflower), little broth and starchHokkien
Teochew
chhá
ca2
to stir fry, to sauté
cabo(Jakarta) prostitute, whore (woman)查某查某Min Nancha-bó͘woman, girl
caimanuns in the temple who served to help the dead菜媽菜马Min Nanchhài-mávegetarian nun, or woman
caisimGreen mustard, Brassica chinensis菜心菜心Min Nanchhài-simChoy sum
cakiakwooden clog柴屐柴屐Min Nanchhâ-kia̍hwooden clog
calopassenger recruiter, ticket scalper
broker
查佬查佬Cantonesecaa4-lou2,lou5,liu4man who guides passengers to bus or train for payment, broker
caluilike to eat money (like to accept bribes or bribe)食鐳食镭Min Nanchia̍h-lûi, chiā-lûito take bribes
camcateaspoon茶勺茶勺Min Nanchhâ-chiakteaspoon
cangsnacks made from glutinous sticky rice, chopped meat, wrapped with bamboo leaves and steamed (tasty savory)
Min Nanchàngzongzi
cahvegetable dishes (mustard greens, mushrooms, shrimp, chicken liver, and so on) are a little juicyMin Nanchhá
ca2
to stir fry, to sauté
captenMin Nancha̍pten
cap caistir fried vegetable dish杂菜杂菜Min Nancha̍p-chhàimixed vegetables
capgomelantern festival, part of Chinese new year十五暝十五冥Min Nancha̍p-gō͘-mê
cha̍p-gǒ͘-mê
lantern festival, part of Chinese new year
capjikilottery twelve numbers (letters)十二枝十二枝Min Nancha̍p-jī-ki
catpaintMin Nanchhat1. varnish, lacquer, paint
2. varnish tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum)
catut1. tweezers.
2. tongs, pincers.
3. black marketer, scalper, corrupter.
查突查突Min Nanchâ-tu̍tman who guides passengers to bus or train for payment, broker
cauleave, byeMin Nancháu, chó͘, chóto go, to leave
cawancup茶碗茶碗Mandarincháwǎnteacup
cebanten thousand一萬一万Min Nanchi̍t-bānten thousand
cecengone thousand一千一千Min Nanchi̍t-chhengone thousand
cekelder sister

Min Nanchéelder sister
cekigambling with small rectangular cards一枝一枝Min Nanchi̍t-ki
cemehone eye blindness睛盲睛盲Min Nanchhéng-mêeblind
cempiangwarrior, ace舂柄舂柄Min Nancheng-pènggang, robber
cengbengtomb-sweeping day清明清明Min Nanchheng-bêngqingming
cengkaubroker成交成交Min Nansêng-kauto close a deal; to conclude a transaction
cengkehbanker (gambling)莊家莊家Min Nanchong-kee1. banker (gambling)
2. farmhouse
cengli1. should be, reasonable
2. fair, honest
情理情理Min Nanchêng-líreasonable
cepekone hundred一百一百Min Nanchi̍t-pahone hundred
cepenghalf a cent一爿一爿Min Nanchi̍t-pênghalf a cent
ciweight unit: 1/10 tahil (for opium)Min Nanchîⁿmoney; a measure of weight for opium
ciaciusitting party餐桌餐桌Cantonesecaan1 coek3dining table
ciak, ciato eatMin Nanchiāto eat
cialatmisfortune食力食力Min Nanchiā-lia̍kmisfortune, bad luck; difficult
ciami, ciamikextraordinarily good食飽未?食饱未?
cicielder sister姐姐姐姐Min Nanchiá-chiáelder sister
cikelder sister

Min Nanchéelder sister
cim, encimmarried Chinese womanMin Nanchímaunt (wife of father's younger brother)
cincai, cingcaiflexible凊彩凊彩Min Nanchhìn-chhái1. any,
2. casual; easygoing
cincau, camcao, cingcauCyclea barbata, and its grass or leaves jelly product仙草仙草Min Nansian-chháuChinese mesona (Platostoma palustre), and its grass jelly product
cincu1. ship owner representative,
2. ship captain
船主船主Min Nanchûn-chúshipowner
cinggecingge, march of people妝藝妆艺Min Nanchng-gēcingge
ciutriple layer mat with gold decorationMin Nanchhio̍hmat
ciu, cuspirits, liquorMin Nanchiúalcoholic drink
ciut1. narrow,
2. small-minded
Min Nanchiak, chek1. narrow, tight
2. narrow-minded
cokekBetawi folk dance唱曲唱曲Min Nanchhiòⁿ-kheksing
song
comblang (Jakarta)matchmaking作媒人作媒人Min Nanchok-m̂-lângmatchmaker
compohship chef總鋪总铺Min Nanchóng-phò͘chef
congki xiangqi, the Chinese chess 象棋 象棋 Min Nan chhiōⁿ-kî xiangqi, the Chinese chess
cuaafraid, trembleMin Nan1. to fear; to be afraid,
2. to scare; to frighten
cukixiangqi, game like dam象棋象棋Min Nanchhiǔⁿ-kî, chhiūⁿ-kî, chhiōⁿ-kîxiangqi
cukinsmall drap covering the chest during meal手巾手巾Min Nanchhiú-kin(hand) towel, handkerchief
cukongtycoon主公主公Min Nanchú-kongYour Excellency; His Excellency
culanpacar cina (Aglaia odorata)珠蘭珠兰Min Nanchu-lân
cunlength unit 1/10 feetMin Nanchhùn
cunialarge boat for transporting goods船仔船仔Min Nanchûn-áa boat

D

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
dacin balance scale 檯秤 台秤 Min Nan tâi-chhèng platform scales
dimsum dim sum 點心 点心 Cantonese dim2 sam1 1. snack, light refreshment,
2. dim sum

E

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
ebidried prawns, shrimps蝦米虾米Min Nanhê-bí
hêe-bí
dried prawns, shrimpssee also ebi in Japanese
empek1. a kind of fishcake from Palembang, Indonesia,
2. father
阿伯阿伯Min Nana-pehpaternal uncle, old mansee also, apek
empoto carry on the waistMin Nanphǒ͘, phō, phǒ1. to heft in the arms; to carry
2. to hug; to embrace
encekpure-blood Chinese man阿叔阿叔Min Nana-chekuncle (father's younger brother)
engkah, kahsap (to attach wood), adhesive, glue黃膠黄胶Min Nann̂g-ka(yellow) glue, adhesive, gum, resin
engkohelder brother阿哥阿哥Min Nana-koelder brother
engkonggrandfather阿公阿公Min Nana-kongpaternal grandfather, maternal grandfather
engkumaternal uncle阿舅阿舅Min Nana-kū, a-kǔmaternal uncle
esaican, may會使会使Min Nanē-sái, ē-saih, ě-sáican, may

F

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
fengsui feng shui 風水 风水 Mandarin fēngshuǐ feng shui 1. see also variant hongsui, a loanword from Min Nan.

G

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
gim (Jakarta) gold thread Min Nan kim, gim1 gold
gincu1. lipstick,
2. (cake, cookie) coloring
銀硃
銀朱
银朱Min Nangîn-chu
ginkangbody movement mastery through inner power輕功轻功Min Nankhin-kang
gingsengPandare aralia ginseng人參
人蔘
人参Min Nanjîn-songginseng (Panax sp.)
giokjadeMin Nangio̍k1. jade (originally nephrite, now also including jadeite),
2. precious stone; gem,
3. pure; beautiful
giwangearring耳環耳环Hakkangí-vànearring
gobang, benggolcopper money with value 2.5 cent五半五半Min Nangō͘, gǒ͘, ngó͘, gó͘-
pòaⁿ, poàn
gocapfifty五十五十Min Nangǒ͘-cha̍p
gō͘-cha̍p
gongligirl who prostitutes herself for pleasure solely without fee戇女戆女Min Nangōng-lístupid; foolish; simple; simple-minded + woman
gong xi fat cai 恭喜發財 恭喜发财 Mandarin gōngxǐfācái A Chinese new year greeting, literally "congratulations and be prosperous".
gopekfive hundred五百五百Min Nan
Hakka
gō͘-pah, gǒ͘-pah
ńg-pak
five hundred
gotongto carry搞通搞通Min Nankáu-thong
gotunfive五百五百Min Nangō͘-tún, gǒ͘-túnfive shield
five (money)
money in this case refers to đồng, guilder, gulden, or rupiah
guaI (slang)Min NangóaI (first person, singular)
gucishiny-coated pitchers罐子罐子Min Nan
Cantonese
koàn-chí
gun3 zi2
small jar
guo nian hao Mandarin A Chinese new year greeting.

H

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
haisomsea cucumber海參
海蔘
海参Min Nanhái-somsea cucumber
haptin receptacle for prepared opiumHokkien
Teochew
Cantonese
ha̍p,a̍h,a̍p
ab8
hap6,hap6-2,haap6
(small) box; case
hiabaru cina (Artemisia vulgaris)Min Nanhiāⁿartemisia, mugwort
hiojoss stick, Chinese incenseMin Nanhioⁿ1. fragrant; fragrance, perfume
2. joss stick; incense
hisitshark fin魚翅鱼翅Min Nanhî-chhìshark fin
hengkang1. retreat,
2. escape
解間?解间?-kan, -gang1
hoananon-Han番仔番仔Min Nanhoan-ánon-Han
hokiluck, fortune福氣福气Min Nanhok-khìgood fortune
honcoetobacco, opium pipe煙吹
菸吹
烟吹Min Nanian-chhoetobacco, opium pipe
honghouwqueen王后王后Min Nan
Hakka
Cantonese
ông-hō͘
vông-heu
wong5 hau6
queen consort
hongbao gift money for Chinese New Year 紅包 红包 Mandarin hóngbāo red envelope see also loanword from Min Nan "angpau".
hongsui feng shui 風水 风水 Min Nan hong-súi feng shui 1. see also formal fengsui, a loanword from Mandarin.
Hokkian, HokkienFujian福建福建Min Nanhok-kiànFujiansee also fuk-kian, fuk-kien (Hakka) and fújiàn (Mandarin)
Hongkong, Hong KongHong Kong香港香港Cantonese
Hakka
Min Nan
Min Nan
hoeng1 gong2
hiông-kóng
hiong-káng,
hiang-káng
Hong Kong
hopengtrusted relation好朋友好朋友Min Nan
Hakka
hó-pêng-iú
hó-phèn-yû
good friend
HonjiChinese characters, Han characters漢字汉字Cantonese
Min Nan
Hakka
Mandarin
hon-jih, hon3 zi6
hàn-jī, hàn-lī
hon55 sii55, hon-sṳ
hànzì
Chinese characters, Han characters
huakiau, hoakiauoverseas Chinese華僑华侨Min Nanhôa-kiâu, hoa-kiâuoverseas Chinese
hujin, hunjincontribution money分銀分银Min Nanhùn-gînpart, responsibility + money
hunweight measurement unit 1/100 taels = 0,378 gMin Nanhunminutesee Chinese units of measurement
hunkuemung bean (Vigna radiata) flour, and its pastry粉粿粉粿Min Nanhún-kóe, hún-kéfun guo
hwahweeChinese association華會华会Min Nanhôa-hōeChinese associationsee Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan (THHK), Chung Hwa Hwee Koan, (中华会馆)
hweeassociationMin Nanhōeassociation

I

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese
Transliteration
Chinese
Meaning
Note Ref
imlèk Chinese lunar calendar 陰曆 阴历 Min Nan im-le̍k, im-lia̍k lunar calendar
incar drill (for boring holes) 引插 Min Nan íⁿ-chhah to pull, to lead + to insert

J

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
jelangkung, jailangkungdoll for spirit calling伽籃公伽篮公Min Nan
Hakka
ch’ai-lâm-kong
kia làm kûng
jitwoMin Nantwo
jibunmany十分十分Min Nansi̍p-hunvery, extremely, (lit. part of tenth)
jicaptwenty二十二十Min Nanjī-cha̍ptwenty
jicapgotwenty five二十五二十五Min Nanjī-cha̍p-gō͘twenty five
jicingopium dust煙燼
菸燼
烟烬Cantonesejin1
zeon2, zeon6
smoke, tobacco, opium
cinders, ashes, embers
jinsomginseng, root preparation人參
人蔘
人参Min Nanjîn-songginseng (Panax sp.)see ginseng
jintanCarum roxburghianum仁丹仁丹Min Nanjîn-tan?
jituaccurate, precise得著得着Min Nantit-tio̍h1. to get, to obtain, to receive
2. something gained (usually intangible)
?
jokseat, padded seatingMin Nan
Cantonese
jio̍k
juk6
1. cotton-padded mattress, mattress, cushion
2. bedding
juhidried squid鰇魚鰇鱼Min Nanjiû-hîsquid
jungboat, Chinese junkHokkien
Teochew
chûn, soân
zung5
boat, Chinese junk

K

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
kailan Gai lan 芥蘭 芥兰 Cantonese gaai3 laan4-2 Gai lan Gai lan (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra) is the Cantonese name and jie lan is the Mandarin name for a vegetable that is also known as Chinese broccoli or Chinese kale.
kakakolder sibling
addressing someone slightly older
哥哥哥哥Min Nankokoolder brother, elder brother, big brother
kalauIf假如假如Min Nanka-lūIf
kalostrainer過濾过滤Min Nankè-lūto filter
kampuhcovering蓋布
蓋佈
盖布Min Nankah-pò͘to put on, to apply,
cloth; textiles
kamsiato thank, to be grateful, to be appreciative感謝感谢Min Nankám-siāto thank, to be grateful, to be appreciative
kana1. preserved olives
2. bunga tasbih (Canna oriantalis)
橄欖橄榄Min Nankáⁿ-ná, kaⁿ-ná, kán-ná, kan-náChinese olive (Canarium album), which is dried or candied, or are eaten (the nuts)
kanga large wide-mouthed bathing-jarMin Nankong, kngearthen jug, crock, cistern
kangtauunexpected fortune, opportunity空頭空头Min Nankhang-thâu1. nominal; phony
2. (stock exchange) bear, shorts
kaunineMin Nankáunine
kaudogMin Nankáudog
kecapsoy sauce茄汁茄汁Cantoneseke4-2 zap11. tomato juice
2. ketchup
ketchup is saus tomat, not kecap
kēcoak, kacoak, kēcuak, kēcoa (Jakarta) cockroach 虼蚻 Min Nan ka-choa̍h, kǎ-choa̍h, ka-chōa cockroach
kelonglarge sea fish trap with two or three compartments雞籠
鷄籠
鸡笼Min Nankelông, kelóngbatteries (cages for hen)
kemocengfeather duster雞毛筅
鷄毛筅
鸡毛筅Min Nanke-mo͘ -chhéng, ke-mô͘-chhéngchicken+feather+brush
kencengdrill worked with a bow弓鑽弓钻Min Nankeng-chǹgbow+drill
kèpo (colloquial) busybody 雞婆 Min Nan ke-pô (slang) busybody
家婆
kērangkeng cage 櫳間 栊间 Min Nan lông-keng (old-fashioned) prison, jail
kiaupaupopulation僑胞侨胞Min Nankiâu-paucountryman living abroad, overseas compatriots
kimantupure-blood Chinese饑滿肚
飢滿肚
饥满肚Hakka
Min Nan
kî mân tú
ki-móa-tǒ͘
kimlosoup vegetable with meat金爐金炉Min Nankîm-lù
kina unit of weight, catty; = 16 niún (= 600 gms)Min Nankincatty, a unit of weight
kinclongsleek
kiostretcher轿Min Nankiōpalanquin, litter
kipsiauteapot急燒急燒Min Nankip-siauquick heat
kiwisupercargo, guest in ship客位客位Min Nankheeh-ūiguest+position
klentengChinese folk religion temple觀音亭觀音亭Min Nankoan-im-têngGuanyin temple
koaname of gameMin Nankòa
kolesomginseng高麗參
高麗蔘
高麗参Min Nanko-lê-sim, ko-lê-sam, ko-lê-somKorean ginseng
Kong hu chu, kong cuConfucius, Confucianism孔夫子
孔子
孔夫子
孔子
Min NanKhóng Hu-chú
Khóng-chú
Confucius
kongkalikongintrigue, connivance with, gang up with, be in collusion with公共你講公共你讲Min Nankong-kā-lí-kóngpublic-shares-you-discuss
kongko (Jakarta)meaningless talk講古讲古Min Nankóng-kó͘to tell stories
kongkoan1. public building,
2. Chinese council building
公館公馆Min Nankong-koán1. imperial guesthouse,
2. grand residence of rich or important person
kongsi1. commercial association, partnership.
2. group, association.
3. landlord office
公司公司Min Nankong-si1. company, firm, corporation
2. Kongsi, clan hall
konian, kweniChinese new year celebration過年过年Hakka
Min Nan
ko-ngièn,ko-ngiàn
kè-nî,kèr-nî,kòe-nî
1. to spend (celebrate) the Chinese New Year
2. (colloquial) next year
kotengalone, friendless孤丁孤丁Min Nanko͘-tengloneliness+person
koyomedicinal plaster膏藥膏药Hakka
Min Nan
kâu-yo̍k, kò-yo̍k
ko-io̍h, ko͘-io̍h
herbal plaster; medicated patch; poultice
kutortoise; cakeMin Nanku, kuiturtle; tortoise
kuaciwatermelon seed, dried.瓜子瓜子Min Nankoa-chíedible seed consumed as a snack
kualipot, frying pan罐里
鍋里
罐里
罐里
Min Nankoàn-lí
ko-lí
tin, jar
kucaiAllium adorum韭菜
韮菜
韭菜Min Nankú-chhàigarlic chives; Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum)In Hakka, Allium tuberosum is 快菜 (khuai-chhoi, kuai4 coi4)
kuecake, pastries粿粿Min Nankóerice cake
kulislave, labourer苦力苦力Min Nanku-lí1. labor; hard work
2. coolie; laborer
kungfukung fu功夫功夫Hakka
Cantonese
kûng-fû
gung1 fu1
kung fu
kungtaufist拳頭拳头Min Nankûn-thâufist
kuntuansatin-like silk裙緞裙缎Min Nankûn-toānskirt, apron, dress
satin
kwetiau, kuetiaukway teow (flat noodle)粿條粿条Min Nankóe-tiâukway teow

L

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
lampanto mine, to mold淋板淋板Min Nanlâm-pánto pour + tin plate
lanphosphorusCantoneseleon4, leon6phosphorus
lanciaTwo-wheeled carts, moved by people. rickshaw人車人车Min Nanlâng-chhiarickshaw
langkan1. balcony.
2. balustrade, railing.
欄杆栏杆Min Nanlân-kanrailing, handrail, banister
langsai1. paid, settled (debt).
2. curtain
langsengsteamer basket籠床
籠牀
笼床Min Nanlâng-sn̂gsteamer basket
lengkenglongan (Euphoria longana)龍眼龙眼Min Nanlêng-kénglongan (Euphoria longana)
lengkingshrill, strident隆勁隆劲Min Nanliông-kèng
letoi weak because tired 力頹 力颓 Cantonese lik6 teoi4
Min Nan le̍k-thôe
lianglongChinese dragons played by a number of people亮龍亮龙Min Nanliāng-liôngbright+dragon
lici, lecilychee (Litchi chinensis)荔枝荔枝Min Nanlē-chilychee (Litchi chinensis)
lihaiskillful厲害厉害Min Nanlī-hāifierce, serious
(informal) excellent; amazing; fantastic
lingmeasurement unit
lioburning bricks (tiles)Min Nanliâushanty, hut, shack
liongChinese dragonMin NanliôngChinese dragon
loak1. second-hand,
2. trash bins
Min Nanlôabamboo basket
lobakradish (Raphanus sativus)蘿蔔萝卜Cantoneselo4 baak61. radish,
2. turnip,
3. daikon; Chinese radish
loncengbell亂鐘乱钟Min Nanlōan-chengalarm clock
lokcuanChinese silk羅串罗串Min Nanlô-chhoàn, lô͘-chhoàn
lokekparsimonious落錢落钱Min Nanlo̍k-chîdrop money
lokiprostitutes老妓老妓Min Nanló͘-kī, ló-kiold, experienced, always
prostitutes, female entertainer
lokiochives (Allium schoenoprasum)蕗蕎蕗蕎Min Nanlō͘-kiō, lō͘-giōscallion
loknanhardship落難落难Cantoneselok6 naan6to meet with misfortune; to be in distress
loksekbankrupt蕗息蕗息Cantoneselok6 sik1fall down+to cease
loksundry cough咯咯聲咯咯聲Cantoneselok1 lok1 seng1cackle, chuck?
loktongprostitutes樂桶乐桶Min Nanlo̍k-thóngenjoy, love?
lolengpaper lantern牢籠牢笼Min Nanlô-lang?
lontong a kind of rice cake from Indonesia 龍通 龙通 Mandarin lóngtōng
loténg, laoteng2nd storey of a house, attic樓頂楼顶Min Nanlâu-téngupstair
luyou (slang)

Min Nan
you (second person, singular)
lumpiaspring roll潤餅润饼Min Nanlǔn-piáⁿspring roll

M

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
makaowoven yarn of cotton yarn, whitish color馬狗má-káuMacau
makaopoprostitute馬狗婆má-káu-pô͘Macau
mesiugunpowder芒硝芒硝Min Nanmêe-siau1. mirabilite,
2. sodium sulfate
mi, mienoodleMin Nan
Hakka

mien
flour, dough, noodle
mihunrice vermicelli麵粉, 麪粉面粉Min Nanmī-húnflour
misoamisua麵線, 麪線面线Min Nanmī-soàⁿflour
mopitChinese writing brush毛筆毛笔Min Nanmô͘-pitcalligraphy brush, inkbrush
muaeelMin Nanmôaeel

N

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
nanyang Southeast Asia (nanyang) 南洋 南洋 Mandarin nányáng southern ocean
nopek two hundred 兩百 两百 Min Nan nō͘ -pah two hundred
nyolo censer 香爐 香炉 Min Nan hiuⁿ-lô͘ incense burner
nyonya madame, lady 娘惹 娘惹 Cantonese noeng3 ja1 beloved perfect woman

O

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
o black Min Nan black, dark such as in Kopi O
obeng screwdriver 窩鋒 窝锋 Min Nan o-hong
ong emperor, king Min Nan ông king, monarch, champion
ongji license, permit 王字 王字 Min Nan ông
king, monarch, champion
+word, letter, contract
允許 允许 Min Nan ún-hí to permit, to allow
oto bib 圍兜 围兜 Min Nan û-to͘ bib

P

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
paito pay respect with hands clasped before the chestMin Nanpàito do obeisance; bow; kowtow
pakaua Chinese card game拍九拍九Min Nanphah-káu?
pakpuidivination卜杯卜杯Min Nanpok-poe
pangkin, pangkengsleeping room, bed房間房间Min Nanpâng-kuiⁿ, pâng-kengroom
panglonglumber mill枋廊枋廊Min Nanpang-lôngtimber gallery
pangsiblack silk紡絲纺丝Min Nanpháng-sispin, weave
silk
?
pangsiblack silk墨絲墨丝Min Nanba̍k-sidark, black
silk
?
pangsit wonton 扁食 扁食 Min Nan pián-si̍t wonton A wonton is a type of Chinese dumpling commonly found across regional styles of Chinese cuisine.
papa father, sir 爸爸 爸爸 Min Nan pa-pa, pa-pah father, sir
patkaa talisman in the form of a sheet of paper written with Chinese characters八卦八卦Min Nanpat-kòaeight divinatory trigrams of the I Ching
pauhiabalone鮑魚鲍鱼Min Nanpau-hîabalone
pao-pao, opausmall pocket荷包荷包Min Nanhô-pausmall pocket
pecai, pakcoi napa cabbage (Brassica rapa pekinensis) 白菜 白菜 Min Nan pe̍h-chhài napa cabbage (Brassica rapa pekinensis)
pecun, pehcun Dragon Boat Festival 扒船 扒船 Min Nan pê-chûn rowing
pehongvenereal disease, syphilis病瘋
瘡痕
病毒
病疯
瘡痕
病毒
Min Nanpēng-hong
chhng-hûn
pīⁿ-to̍k, pēⁿ-to̍k
fast+ill
sore
virus
?
pengkidustpan畚箕畚箕Min Nanpun-kîbamboo or wicker scoop; dustpan
piabet, stakeMin Nanpiàⁿrisk
picisten cent貝子贝子Min Nan
Hakka
pòe-chí
pi chṳ́
small shellfish, currency
pitChinese brushMin NanpitChinese brush
pisauknife匕首匕首Cantonese
Min Nan
bei6 sau2
pí-siú
dagger
poa gambling gameMin Nanpó, pó͘a kind of gambling device
pokobijanggut Mentha (Mentha arvensis)薄荷薄荷Min Nanpo̍h-hô, po̍k-hômint (Mentha) plants, including peppermint
poooil extract from merdinah (Mentha merdinah) and poko (Mentha orvensib)薄荷薄荷Min Nanpo̍h-hô, po̍k-hômint (Mentha) plants, including peppermint
popidoll保庇Min Nanpó-pìto protect
potehiChinese glove puppetry布袋戲布袋戏Min Nanpò͘-tē-hìglove puppetry
potiaoverseer部長部長Min Nanpō͘-tiúⁿhead of department, section chief
puatangfail, unlucky破桶破桶Min Nanphòa-thángbroken drum
puncialright, fortunately本錢本钱Min Nanpún-chîⁿcapital, position, skill, experience
puyonghai, fuyonghai egg foo yung 芙蓉蛋 芙蓉蛋 Cantonese fu4 jung4 daan6-2 egg foo yung
芙蓉蟹 芙蓉蟹 Cantonese fu4 jung4 haai5 egg foo yung with crab

S

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
sailionMin Nansailion
samthreeMin Nansaⁿ, samthree
samcan pork belly 三層 三层 Min Nan sam-chàn pork belly
sampansampan, a kind of boat舢板
三板
舢板
三板
Min Nansan-pánsampan
samsengto go to someone mourning三牲三牲Min Nansam-sng, sam-sengthree domestic animalsthree domestic animals (cattle, sheep, and pigs) used as sacrificed offerings during mourning.
samsusugarcane liquor三燒三燒Cantonesesaam1 siu1lit. thrice burnt
sancan beef flank 三層 三层 Min Nan saⁿ-chàn pork belly see samcan
satesatay三疊三叠Min Nansaⁿ-tha̍hlit. three layer?
sekotenga ginger-flavoured hot drink四果湯四果汤Min Nansì-kó͘,kó-thng,thong
sehsurnameMin Nan
Cantonese
sèng, sìⁿ, sèⁿ
sing3, seng3
surname
sentiongChinese graveyard新塚新塚Min Nansin-thióngnew graveyard
sifourMin Nansì, sù, sìrfour
siansuchMin Nansiangtowards each other, one another
siantanIxora concinna仙丹花仙丹花Min Nansian-tanIxora chinensislit. elixir of life
siaucooledMin Nansiaudissolve, remove, lost weight, cost
sie-sie thanks 謝謝 谢谢 Mandarin xièxie thanks
sikakpiece of iron starfruit (weapon)四角四角Min Nansì-kakfour angle, four cornerperhaps like caltrop or shuriken
sincia Chinese new year 新正 新正 Min Nan sin-chiaⁿ first month of the lunar new year, first day of the lunar new year, Chinese new year
sinci spirit tablet 神位 神位 Min Nan sîn-ūi spirit tablet
singkékChinese newcomer (derogative), pure blooded Chinese, i.e. not of mixed ancestry新客新客Min Nansin-kheknew guest, new outsider, new Hakka
singkongcassava (Manihot esculenta)新光新光sin-kongnew, fresh; bright?
sinséChinese medicine practitioner先生先生Min Nansin-seⁿdoctor, teachersee also sensei, Japanese loanword.
sio, shioChinese zodiac生肖生肖Min Nansng-siàu, seng-siàuChinese zodiac
siocamiss (term of address)小姐小姐Min Nansió-chiá, sia̋u-chêmiss (term of address), young lady, prostitute
siongcigarette with rhubarb and incense



Min Nansiông
sang, song
siong, siòng
pear, fir
loose, relax
minister (Chinese chess)
siongkadammar gum, rosin松膠松膠Min Nansiông-kapine + resin, gum(松香, 松脂)
siuh"be off"Min Nansiuto put something away
siomay, siomaishumai (wrapped and steamed with fillings)燒賣烧卖Min Nansio-māishumai
soebad luckMin Nansoe1. to grow weak, to decrease in strength
2. to have poor luck
sohuncellophane noodles, Chinese vermicelli索粉索粉Min Nansoh-húncellophane noodles, Chinese vermicellisynonym of 冬粉
sojato bow作揖作揖Cantonesezok3 jap1make a bow with hands clasped
somfolds on the fabric edgeMin Nansûnborder of a piece of clothing
sosikey鎖匙锁匙Hokkien
Teochew
Hakka
Cantonese
só-sî
so2 si5
só-sṳ́, só-sṳ̀
so2 si4
key
sotosoto燒肚烧肚Min Nansio-tocook + animal stomach (as food)?
shou sui to stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve 守歲 守岁 Mandarin shǒusuì to stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve
suahalready, finishedMin Nansoahfinish, complete
sucengsquare, honest四正四正Min Nan
Cantonese
sì-chiàⁿ
si3 zeng3
neat and proper
suhianbrothel私軒私轩Min Nansu-hianpersonal, private + pavilion
suhuteacher of the art of (Chinese) self-defence師父师父Min Nansu-hūmaster, master worker
suntobaccoMin Nansûnpure, clean
swikeswikee水雞
水鷄
水鸡Min Nansúi-kefrog
swipoa, sempoaabacus, suanpan算盤算盘Min Nansǹg-pôaⁿsuanpansee soroban, Japanese loanword.
Sun Go KongSun Wukong孫悟空孙悟空Min NanSun Ngō͘-khongSun Wukong, Gokusee also Son Goku from Japanese loan word.

T

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
tacielder sister大姊大姊Min Nantōa-chí, tōa-chéelder sister
tahangbarrelMin Nanthóngpail, bucket
tahutofu豆腐豆腐Min Nantāu-hūtofu, bean curdsee also tofu, from Japanese
taifuntropical cyclone颱風台风Hakkathòi-fûngtropical cyclone
taiko wealthy businessman
leprosy 癩哥 癞哥 Min Nan thái-ko leprosy (癩⿸疒哥)
Hakka thái-kô
taipanconglomerate大班大班Cantonesedaai6 baan1tai-pan
takwaChinese long gown大褂大褂Min Nantā-kòaChinese long gownsee Changshan (長衫, 长衫) or changpao (長袍, 长袍)
tangki, tengcontainer桶仔桶仔Min Nantháng-chírsmall pail, bucket
tangkuesweetened dried melon slices冬瓜冬瓜Min Nantang-koe, tang-koawinter melon (Benincasa hispida)
tanglunglantern燈籠灯笼Min Nanteng-langlantern
tangsibarrack團舍团舍Min Nanthn̂g-siàbarrack
taocangpigtail, braid頭鬃头鬃Min Nanthâu-changhair
taocifish paste豆豉豆豉Min Nantāu-sīⁿ, tāu-sīdouchidouchi, a food product made from salted, fermented black soybeans
taoco, taucopreserved food from bean, salted豆醬豆酱Min Nantāu-chiòⁿtauco
taoge, tauge, togebean sprout豆芽豆芽Min Nantāu-gê
tāu-gêe
bean sprout
taosidouchi豆豉豆豉Min Nantāu-sīⁿ, tāu-sīdouchidouchi, a food product made from salted, fermented black soybeans
tauke, taoke, tokebusiness owner, boss頭家头家Min Nanthâu-kebusiness owner, boss
tehteaMin Nantea
tekotea pot茶壺茶壶Min Nantê-ô͘, têe-ô͘, tē-ô͘teapot
tekoh person in charge in store 大哥 大哥 Min Nan tōa-ko 1. eldest brother,
2. a term of address
tekoan, tekwan1. a kind of fish soup from Palembang, Indonesia,
2. tea pot
茶罐茶罐Min Nantê-kuànearthenware tea pot
tekonghelmsman舵舟舵舟Min Nantō-chiuhelmsman
tekpi, tikpitekpi, short-handled trident雙短鞭
鐵鞭
双短鞭
铁鞭
Min Nanpian-té-piⁿ
thih-piⁿ
double short whip/weapon
iron whip, chain whip
tengChinese lanternMin Nantenglamp, light, lantern
tengkohprepared opium燈膏燈膏Min Nanteng-ko, ko͘, kōlamp, light, lantern + to apply
tepoa gambling game
teyanfundrising題捐题捐Min Nantê-iân, tôe-iânto collect donations
tiamblow, hit, strokeMin Nantiámto point, dot, place
tiapkey moneyMin Nanthiapnote, dose, submission
timto stew by cooking in a covered potMin Nantīmto re-heay food
tinglanternMin Nantenglantern
TionghoaChinese中華中华Min Nantiong-hôaChinese
TiongkokChina中國中国Min Nantiong-kokChina
toTaoistMin Nanway, path, road
toto go bankruptMin Nantó, tó͘, táu, tho̍hto go bankrupt, to close down
Toapekong, tohkong1. Chinese god who worshiped in the temple,
2. Chinese temple
大道公大道公Min NanTāi-tō-kongBaosheng Dadi, a Chinese god.
tobangcook廚房厨房Min Nantû-pângkitchen
tohbirthmark
tokosmall shop土庫土库Min Nanthó͘-khò͘local storehouse
tokwi altar covering Min Nan
tongbarrelMin Nanthóngpail, bucket
tongcai salted vegetable 通菜 通菜 Min Nan thong-chhài water spinach [1]
Mandarin tōngcài
tongkangbarge艟舡Min Nantông-kang
tongsanto go home唐山唐山Min Nantn̂g-soaⁿ(mainland) China, Tang mountain, Tangshan
tongsithair bun唐式唐式Min Nantn̂g-sitTang (China) + model, fashion
topengmask倒反倒反Min Nantò-pénganother side
toporag, cloth used for cleaning桌布桌布Min Nantoh-pò͘tablecloth
toyalong stick (weapon)槌仔槌仔Min Nanthûi-á
tui to gamble Min Nan tó͘ to gamble
to do again, false start Min Nan tó͘ to return
tukang 1. craftsmaster, artisan,
2. a rough person
土工 土工 Min Nan thó͘-kang construction worker
tun rupiah as 1 rupiah, 100 rupiah Min Nan tún, tún 1. shield,
2. money
money in this case refer to đồng, guilder; gulden, or rupiah

U

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
ubin floortile 油面 油面 Min Nan iû-bin to paint + surface
ungti giant puppet 像體 像体 Min Nan siōng-thé statue + body

V

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
vetsin,
micin, pécin
glutamate flavoring 味精 味精 Mandarin wèijīng 1. glutamate flavoring,
2. Ve-tsin, glutamate flavoring product from Tien Chun
Cantonese mei6 zing1
Hakka mi-chîn

W

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese Variant Chinese Transliteration Chinese Meaning Note Ref
waitangkung a gymnastics 外丹功 外丹功 Mandarin wàidāngōng
wangkang canoe Min Nan báng-kah outrigger canoe disputed, considered a loanword to Chinese from Austronesian (which included Indonesian).
woi a kind of call Cantonese wai2 disputed, derived from various languages
Min Nan oeh
wotie, kuotie fried jiaozi 鍋貼 锅贴 Min Nan oe-thiap, ko-thiap fried jiaozi
wushu wushu 武術 武术 Mandarin wǔshù martial art, wushu

Y

Indonesian
Word
Indonesian
Meaning
Chinese Character
(Traditional)
Chinese Character
(Simplified)
Chinese
Variant
Chinese
Transliteration
Chinese
Meaning
Note Ref
yang yang Mandarin yáng yang
yin yin Mandarin yīn yin

Bibliography

  • Badudu, J.S; Kamus Kata-kata Serapan Asing Dalam Bahasa Indonesia; Kompas, Jakarta, 2003
  • Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, Balai Pustaka: 1999, halaman 1185 s.d. 1188 berisikan Pendahuluan buku Senarai Kata Serapan dalam Bahasa Indonesia, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, 1996 (dengan sedikit penyaduran tanpa mengubah maksud dan tujuan seseungguhnya dari buku ini).

References

  1. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, Balai Pustaka: 1999, halaman 1185 s.d. 1188 berisikan Pendahuluan buku Senarai Kata Serapan dalam Bahasa Indonesia, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, 1996.
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