List of loanwords in Indonesian

The Indonesian language has absorbed many loanwords from other languages, Sanskrit, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Portuguese, Dutch, English, and other Austronesian languages.

Indonesian differs from the form of Malay used in Malaysia in a number of aspects, primarily due to the different influences both languages experienced and also due to the fact that the majority of Indonesians speak another language as their mother tongue. Indonesian functions as the lingua franca for speakers of 700 various languages across the archipelago.

Conversely, many words of Malay-Indonesian origin have also been borrowed into English. Words borrowed into English (e.g., bamboo, orangutan, dugong, amok, and even "cooties") generally entered through Malay language by way of British colonial presence in Malaysia and Singapore, similar to the way the Dutch have been borrowing words from the various native Indonesian languages. One exception is "bantam", derived from the name of the Indonesian province Banten in Western Java (see Oxford American Dictionary, 2005 edition). Another is "lahar" which is Javanese for a volcanic mudflow. Still other words taken into modern English from Malay/Indonesian probably have other origins (e.g., "satay" from Tamil, or "ketchup" from Chinese).

During development, various native terms (mostly Javanese) from all over the archipelago made their way into the language. The Dutch adaptation of the Malay language during the colonial period resulted in the incorporation of a significant number of Dutch loanwords and vocabulary. This event significantly affected the original Malay language, which gradually developed into modern Indonesian. Most terms are documented in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia.[1]

Chronology

The study of Indonesian etymology and loan words reflects its historical and social context. Examples include the early Sanskrit borrowings, probably during the Srivijaya period, the borrowings from Arabic and Persian, especially during the time of the establishment of Islam, and words borrowed from Dutch during the colonial period. Linguistic history and cultural history are clearly linked.[2]

  • Early Hindu and Buddhist influence from India results in many Sanskrit words in Indonesian (and especially adopted through Javanese influence). Indian traders may have contributed words as well, in Tamil and Sanskrit-related languages.
  • Indonesian has evolved through trade with China since ancient times, including through significant numbers of Chinese immigrants migrating to Indonesia. As a result, some of the Chinese language, especially the Hokkien dialect, has been incorporated into Indonesian.
  • Muslim influence, originally through Arabic and Persian traders over a number of centuries, resulted in an extensive influence from the Arabic and Persian.
  • Portuguese contact, trade and colonization in the 16th century was the first contact between Indonesia and European culture, and had an influence that remains today, in spite of the relatively short time period of that influence.
  • Dutch colonization and administration, lasting from the 17th century to the 20th, extensively affected the vocabulary. As Dutch-trained linguists determined the rules for the official Indonesian language, Dutch thus affected the structure of the language as well. For example, suffixes such as "-asi" (e.g., administrasi = administratie) and "-if" (e.g., fiktif = fictief) were applied with consistency. Some loan words are still intensively used today, although Indonesian equivalents exist.
  • Modern Indonesian regularly adopts new words from other languages, particularly English. In contrast to the large number of mechanical terms borrowed from Dutch (e.g., automotive parts), hi-tech words are typically taken from English (e.g., internet).

But the processes may also be ‘out of period’; for example, Indonesian words are still being concocted from Sanskrit, and the influence of the Dutch language certainly continued after the Dutch themselves left.[2]

Indonesian has also generalized brand names into common (lower-case) nouns as generic name. For example, "sanyo" refers to any electrical well pump, regardless of manufacturer, "odol" as all of toothpastes, or “aqua” for mineral water. This is similar to the type of generalization that occurs in English words like "xerox" or "tampax" or "polaroid".

List of loanwords

From Minangkabau

Most of Indonesian's vocabulary is natively derived from Malay, but some might ultimately be loanwords from the Minang language. Yet it is unclear, since Malay and Minang are closely related, and some might consider Minang to have been an ancestral dialect of Malay.[3]

Word Meaning Original word
acuhcarefulacuah
anjunganpavilionanjuang
awakyou (regional), crew, memberawak
bantahdeniesbantah
baruhlowlandbaruah
bernasspiritedboneh
bundamotherbundo
buyungsonnybuyuang
cabullewdcabua
cakakfightcakak
campinskilledcampin
cegakvigorouscegak
celotehbabbleciloteh
cemeehjeercemeeh
cengangamazedcangang
daragirl, virgin, dovedaro
dadihbuttermilkdadiah
dendangsingdendang
gadanglargegadang
gadisgirl, virgingadih
gaekagedgaek
galauconfusiongalau
gelimangmixedgalimang
gengsiprestigegengsi
hebohcommotion, fussheboh: noisy
himbauappeal, please (prohibit/warn)imbau
jangatskinjangek
jenjangladderjanjang
jerangboiledjarang
jinjingpick-upjinjiang
junjungrespectfuljunjuang
kelokmeanderskelok
lambanslowlamban
lampauover, pastlampau
lancangsassylancang
nanwhich, who (connecting word)nan
ngaraicanyonngarai
nianvery, really, trulynian
pencakart (martial art)pancak
penghuluchief of familypanghulu
ranahrealm, domainranah: land
rancakbeautifulrancak
rantauforeign countryrantau
rendangrendangrandang
sanakfamilysanak
semaraksplendorsemarak
silatsilat (martial art)silek
suraumosquesurau
tandasdemolishedtandeh
terokaopen up new areastaruko
terompahsandalstarompah
tuahgood lucktuah
tungkailegtungkai
usangobsoleteusang

From Javanese

Compared to the Malay language spoken as the native regional language in Sumatra and the Malay peninsula or the standardized version of Malaysian, Indonesian differs profoundly by the large amount of Javanese loanwords incorporated into their already rich vocabulary. This is mostly contributed by Java's position as the center of Indonesian politics, education, and culture, since the capital is located in Jakarta on Java island, albeit in the area where the Javanese are not the majority. The disproportionate number of Javanese that dominate Indonesian politics is reflected by the fact that six out of seven Indonesian presidents have been ethnic Javanese. The result is that the Javanese began to pour their own vocabulary into Indonesian to describes terms and words that do not have exact counterparts in the Malay language. It is also important to note that most of Indonesian's Sanskrit loanwords have been transmitted through Old Javanese, a language whose Sanskrit borrowings number almost 50% of the total vocabulary. Javanese loanwords, unlike those from other native languages, have entered the basic vocabulary of Indonesian to such an extent that, for many, they are no longer perceived to be foreign.

Word Meaning Original word
ademcool temperatureadhem
adiluhung/adiluhurrefined, highly sophisticated tasteadiluhung
amblasvanishambles
ambrukcollapseambruk
amongnurtureamong
ampuhpotentampuh
anggungracefulanggun
angkerhauntedangker
anjlokdroppedanjlog
antekstoogeantek
anyarnewanyar
apikneat, niceapik
asribeautiful (scenery/nature), neat, clean, niceasri
ayubeautiful (women), pretty, gorgeous, graceful, elegantayu
ayomgive shade, foster, protectayom, hangayomi
baluwartipalace fortified wallbaluwerti (ultimately from Spanish 'baluarte' via Filipino languages)
bangsalhallbangsal, ultimately from Sanskrit: sala (room)
batikbatikmbatik, from: amba-nitik
bejatdepravedbejat
berescompletedberes
betotpull suddenlybetot
bopongcarrybopong
brandalthugsbrandalan
bromocorahcriminalbromocorah
buron/buronanrunaway or fugitiveburon: from buru-an (to be hunted)
canditemplecandhi
canggihsophisticatedcanggih
cebolmidgetcebol
celingukanlook aroundcelingukan
ceplas ceplosspeak out franklyceplas ceplos
copetpickpocketcopet
dengkulkneedengkul
doyanbe fonddoyan
edancrazyedhan
empumaestro, master craftsmanmpu
gantenghandsomengganteng
gebrakanblowgebrakan
gedebiggede
gembokpadlockgembok
gendongpiggybackgendong
gerebekraidgrebeg: traditional ceremony involving mass competing to grab sacred objects
gilasrun overgiles
gosongscorchedgosong
iritfrugalirit
jagalbutcherjagal
jagoskillful, expertjago: rooster
jagoantough guy, herojago: rooster
jajansnackjajan
keduttwitchingkedutan
kembentorso wrapkembhen
kesurupanpossessedsurup: fit, enter
kondebulbous hairdo or hair extension on the back of the headkondhe
larasadness (poetic)lara: sickness
larungintentionally swept or send away through water (river/sea)larung
lapikbaselapik
luhurnoble, highdhuwur, luhur
manutobedientmanut
melengoslooked awaymelengos
minggatfleeminggat
mingkemkeep quietmingkem
mumpuniaccomplishedmumpuni
ngangguridle, joblessnganggur
nusantaraIndonesian archipelago, archipelagonusantara
pagar langkanbalustradepagar langkan
pamrihintentionpamrih
pemirsaviewerspemirsa
pendoporoofed front open hallpendhopo, ultimately from Sanskrit: mandapa (front hall as part of temple)
pilekflupilek
resikclean, well maintainedresik
sedotsucksedot
selarasharmoniousslaras
selingkuhaffairselingkuh
semberonocarelesssembrono
semrawutcomplicated mess, out of ordersemrawut
sungkanshysungkan
tembangsongtembang
tentrampeacefultentrem
titisanreincarnatednitis
tuntascompletetuntas
undakanstagesundhak
unduhdownloadunduh
unggahuploadmunggah
umpakbaseumpak

From Sundanese

Besides Javanese, Sundanese is another local language that has influenced Indonesian's vocabulary, albeit to a lesser extent. This can be attributed to the fact that the capital, Jakarta, was formerly a part of West Java, a province which, together with Banten, before it too was divided, constituted the Pasundan (Sundanese world), the most significant non-Javanese region in an otherwise Javanese-dominated Java island. Some of the most populous cities in Indonesia are also located in the Pasundan, including West Java's capital, Bandung, and Jakarta's four satellite cities (Bekasi, Bogor, Depok, and Tangerang).

Word Meaning Original word
acitapioca flouraci sampeu
amburadulmess, something out of orderamburadul
anjangsanahigh official visitinganjangsana
balairunghallbale riung: traditional building for meeting
becekpuddlebecek
berabeannoying, nuisancebarabe
bloon (spelled blo-'on)stupidblo'on/o'on
cocopetearwigcocopet
getolactivegetol
haturto express, to send (polite)haturkeun
jangkungtalljangkung
juarachampion, winnerjawara: tough guy, fighter, hero
kedapproof as in "kedap air" (waterproof)kedap
kesimaawe, amazekesima
kesohorfamouskasohor
kolotold fashionedkolot: old
lalapraw vegetable, consumedlalab
majikanbossmajikan
menyarupretending, camouflagingverbal form of saru: undistinguishable
patunganchip in, joint-venture, collecting money to buy something for common usepatungan
pemulungwaste pickernoun of the verb pulung: pick
pengaruhinfluencepangaruh
pepescooking method using banana leaf wrappingpapais: plural form of pais
risihuneasy, uncomfortablerisih
siksatorturesiksa: education
songongno self-awarenesssongong
uwauncle or aunty older than parentuwa

From Betawi

Betawi is a Malay-based creole that arose from influences by foreign traders who stopped at the capital, Jakarta, including those from China and Arabia. Most of its speakers are inhabitants of Jakarta, and its influence upon Indonesian is attributed to its frequent usage in Indonesian mass media, including radio and television. Its status as a "hip" language by other portions of Indonesian society is another contributing factor as well.

Word Meaning Original word
abal-abalfake, falseabal-abal
bangkotanagedbangkotan
begahrepletebegah
belaguostentatiousbelagu
bututold-fashionedbutut
cebursplashcebur
entotcopulateentot
gelandangfootball midfielder, bringergelandang
gelandanganhomelessgelandangan
mampusdeadmampus
ngamenstreet performancengamen
rempongtroublesomerempong
ribetcomplicated, hard, not easyribet
rombengragsrombeng
timpukthrowtimpuk
udakchaseudak

From Nias

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Nias
word
Nias
meaning
Note Meaning
mado Nias' clan system mado

From Batak

Word Meaning Original word
molekvoluptuousmolek

From Balinese

Balinese, or simply Bali, is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by 3.3 million people (as of 2000) on the Indonesian island of Bali as well as northern Nusa Penida, western Lombok and eastern Java.

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Balinese
word
Balinese
Transliteration
Balinese
meaning
Note Ref
arja a Balinese opera ᬳᬭ᭄ᬚ arja a Balinese opera
awatara avatar ᬅᬯᬢᬭ awatara avatar 1. see also avatar.
2. Loanword from Sanskrit अवतार (IAST: avatāra, avatar)
awig-awig ᬳᬯᬶᬕ᭄ᬳᬯᬶᬕ᭄ awig-awig Awig-awig is Balinese adat (customary) law.
babarangan bonang ᬩᬩᬭᬗᬦ᭄ babarangan bonang
bade ᬩᬤᬾ bade Bade is tower for Balinese Hinduism cremation ceremony.
bakaran ᬩᬓᬭᬦ᭄ bakaran
bancingah ᬩᬜ᭄ᬘᬶᬗᬄ bancingah
bandrang spear ᬩᬦ᭄ᬤ᭄ᬭᬂ bandrang spear
bangkung sow (pig) ᬩᬗ᭄ᬓᬸᬂ bangkung sow (pig)
banjar ᬩᬜ᭄ᬚᬃ banjar Banjar is administrative division below the village in Bali.
banten offering ᬩᬦ᭄ᬢᭂᬦ᭄ banten offering
barong barong ᬩᬭᭀᬂ barong barong
bebali ᬩᭂᬩᬮᬶ bebali Bebali is a sacred dance in Bali.
bebangkit ᬩᭂᬩᬗ᭄ᬓᬶᬢ᭄ bebangkit Bebangkit is an offering for Durga.
bebarongan ᬩᭂᬩᬭᭀᬗᬦ᭄ bebarongan Bebarongan is a type of roofing in Bali.
bebekel ᬩᭂᬩᭂᬓᭂᬮ᭄ bebekel
beli Beli is older brother in Balinese.
bendesa ᬩᭂᬦ᭄ᬤᬾᬰ bendésa Bendesa is Balinese adat village head.
caturjalma
Cokorda
Dewa ᬤᬾᬯ dewa 1. Dewa is a title for Brahmin caste in Bali.
2. Loanword of Sanskrit देव ((IAST: deva)).

From Sanskrit

Although Hinduism and Buddhism are no longer the major religions of Indonesia, Sanskrit, the language vehicle for these religions, is still held in high esteem, and its status is comparable with that of Latin in English and other Western Indo-European languages. Sanskrit is also the main source for neologisms; these are usually formed from Sanskrit roots. For example, the name of Jayapura city (former Hollandia) and Jayawijaya Mountains (former Orange Range) in the Indonesian province of Papua were coined in the 1960s; both are Sanskrit origin name to replace its Dutch colonial names. Some Indonesian contemporary medals of honor and awards, such as Bintang Mahaputra medal, Kalpataru award and Adipura award, are also Sanskrit derived names.

The loanwords from Sanskrit cover many aspects of religion, art and everyday life. The Sanskrit influence came from contacts with India long ago before the 1st century.[4] The words are either directly borrowed from India or through the intermediary of the Old Javanese language. In the classical language of Java, Old Javanese, the number of Sanskrit loanwords is far greater. The Old Javanese — English dictionary by Prof. P.J. Zoetmulder, S.J. (1982) contains no fewer than 25,500 entries. Almost half are Sanskrit loanwords. Sanskrit loanwords, unlike those from other languages, have entered the basic vocabulary of Indonesian to such an extent that, for many, they are no longer perceived to be foreign.

From Pali

Pali (Pāli) is a Prakrit language and belongs to the Indo-European language family together with Sanskrit. As Sanskrit is the language vehicle of Hinduism, Pali is the language vehicle for Buddhism, especially the Theravada tradition which is mainly adhered to by Buddhists within Indosphere Southeast Asia. Virtually every word in Pāḷi has cognates in the other Middle Indo-Aryan languages, the Prakrits. The relationship to Vedic Sanskrit is less direct and more complicated; the Prakrits were descended from Old Indo-Aryan vernaculars.

Indonesian word Indonesian meaning Pali word Pali transcription Pali meaning Note
belanjashopping, expenseवलञ्जvalañjathat which is spent or secreted
bikubhikkhu (classical)भिक्खुbhikkhubeggar, bhikkhusee also biksu from Sanskrit.
bikunibhikkhuni (classical)भिक्खुणीbhikkhuṇībeggar, bhikkhunisee also biksuni from Sanskrit.
dana allocated money धन dhana treasure
dana donation, funds दान dāna giving, liberality; offering, alms cognate of Sanskrit दान (dāna).
duka sadness दुक्ख dukkha stress; suffering; pain; distress; discontent
loba greed लोभ lobha greed; passion; unskillful desire.
mara calamity मार māra mara (demon) cognate of Sanskrit मार (māra).
merana sick, sadness मारण māraṇa killing, slaughter, murder cognate of Sanskrit मारण (māraṇa).
percayabelieveपरिचयparicayafamiliaritycognate of Sanskrit प्रत्ययः (pratyayaḥ)
raga (physical) body राग rāga lust; greed

From Hindi

Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST: Hindī) is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language. Hindi is an Indo-European, and specifically an Indo-Aryan language. It is descended from Sanskrit and is considered part of the Central Indo-Aryan subgroup.

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Hindi
word
Hindi
transcription
Hindi
meaning
Note
acarpicklesअचारachaarpickles
antariclothअंतरीयantarīyaunder garment
gari, argarihandcuffsहाथकड़ीhath-kaṛīhand+link
ayah (Malaysia)fatherआयाāyāayah, nanny
bahadur brave बहादुर bahādur brave from Persian بهادر (bahâdor)
bahana 1. loud sound (n.),
2. great, bright (adj.)
भनक bhanak a low or distant sound, hum, buzz, ring
हनना hannā to speak, to break silence
bakdulreinबागडोरbāgḍorrein
bangloperforated crates to keep the fish in the dam areabanglā
bangsalward, shed, public buildingभनसालbhansālstorehouse, magazine, granarysee भण्डसाल (bhanḍsāl) < भण्डसार (bhaṇḍasāra) storehouse, magazine, granary
baruaprocuressbhaṛuā
basistale, spoiltबासीbāsīstale, rancid
belbellbel
belatidaggerविलायतीvilāyatīforeign
bendahari, bendarifemale trasurerभंडारीbhaṇḍārīstore keeper
benianबनियानbaniyānunder garment, vest
betaI (first-person pronoun) (classical, Moluccas)बेटाbeṭāson
bêtiproofbeṭī
bibiaunt
cacarpox (disease)चेचकcecakpox (disease)
cakelabrothel, whorehouse (archaic)चकलाcaklābrothel, whorehouse
canduopiumचण्डूcaṇḍūopiumfrom Sanskrit चण्ड+उकः
capstamp?
छापा
chāp
ṭhappā
?
stamp
capalleather sandalचप्पलcappalslipper
celanapants, trousersचोलनाćolnāshort breeches, reaching half-way down the thighs
cempacampā
cericherry (Muntingia calabura)curī
ceteritent (in boat) (arch.)छत्रीćhatrīcovering, canopySanskrit tadbhava word छत्रिका
cindaiflowery silkcunrī
coli(arch.)colī
culimsmoking pipeचिलमcilamsmoking pipesee also chillum
curafunnychurā
curistealचूरी
चोरी
ćūrī
corī
steal
cutileaveछुट्टीchuṭṭīleave
dal bean दाल dāl dried, split pulses see dal.
dam check (pattern) दाम dām net, snare
dandi a kind of musical instrument डोंडी ḍoṅḍī small kettle-drum Sanskrit tadbahva दुन्दुभी
dera lash durrā to whip
dian small lamp दिया dīyā light, lamp, lantern
dobi laundry worker धोबी dhobī laundry worker (male)
dol 1. Indian drum,
2. mast
ढोल ḍhol dhol
डोल ḍol mast probably from Arabic دلو (dalw)
duhai an interjection word दुहाई duhāī cry for help
duli dust; foot; honorary word for official, nobility, or king डोली ḍolī a kind of sedan see also paduka.
dura far दूर dūr far
gajus cashew (Anacardium occidentale) दूर kājū cashew (Anacardium occidentale) possibly from Tupian acajú through Portuguese caju
gala-gala small bee gūgal
ganda small bee gāna
ganja Cannabis sativa गांझा gāṅjhā Cannabis sativa probably from Sanskrit गृञ्ज+कः, or गृञ्जनकः
gap 1. sound of slapping on a table.
2 sound of heartbeat.
gap the sound made by a blow, or in swallowing
garam salt गरम garam hot, warm
geleca cake (arch.) gālīcā
guli marbles गोली golī ball from Sanskrit गोल+इका
gusar angry g̠uṣṣa choking, anger from Arabic غصة, from. غصّ 'to be choked'

From Tamil

Loanwords from Tamil, while also an Indian language (though not Indo-European like Sanskrit), mainly exist in cuisine, like Chinese and unlike Sanskrit. It is a Dravidian language and not an Indo-Aryan language. However, Hinduism had great impact in Tamil, there are several Indo-Aryan loanwords in Tamil and they are possibility to list them in Indo-Aryan loanwords, such as Sanskrit.

Interaction between Tamil speakers and Malay speakers has been established from ancient time. Tamil influence has been around such as Palava usage as ancient script in Indonesia (Palava dynasty was existed on 275 CE–897 CE) and Chola invasion of Srivijaya in 1025. It mainly entered the lexicon of Malay (and by extension, Indonesian) with the immigration of South Indian traders who settled around the Strait of Malacca.

Indonesian Word Indonesian Meaning Tamil Word Tamil Transliteration Tamil Meaning Note
acaram1. ring,
2. earnest money
அச்சகாரம்accāramearnest money
acumould, modelஅச்சுaccumould
andaiif, supposeஅண்டைaṇṭainear, support
apamkind of cakeஅப்பம்appamappam, rice cake, bread pastry
badaistormவாடைvāṭaiwind, north wind
bagaisort ofவகைvakaikind, sort
bajiwedgeவசிvacicleft, point, edge
basi1. commission, fee
2. overtime or extra pay
3. reduction (in price), discount
வாசிvāci1. difference
2. rate, as of interest; portion
3. discount, in changing money
batilcopper bowl, plate, trayவட்டில்vaṭṭila brass tray, a platter; basket
bedilgun, rifleவெடிveṭiexplosion, as of gunvia Javanese bedhil
biculeverவீச்சுvīccublow, stroke
biram1. elephant,
2. double-headed snake,
3. red
வேழம்vēḻamelephant
canaigrindstoneசாணைcāṇai-k-kalgrindstone
cemetiwhipசம்மட்டிcammaṭṭi1. (horse-)whip,
2. large hammer
cerpelaimongoose (Herpestes sp.)கீரிப்பிள்ளைkīri-p-piḷḷaicommon Indian mungoose, Indian ichneumon, Herpestes mungo
cerpuleather sandals (terompah-like)செருப்புceruppuleather sandals, slippers, shoes
cerutu, serutucigarசுருட்டுcuruṭṭu1. curling, coiling;
2. cigar
cetimoney lenderசெட்டிceṭṭimercantile caste, tradersfrom Prakrit sēṭṭišrēṣṭhin
cukaiexcise tax, customசுங்கம்cuṅkamduty on goods, customs, tollsfrom Prakrit šuṅkašulka
cukudried gambier rootsசுக்குcukkudried ginger
cumaonly, no othersசும்மாcummāleisurely, without any occupation or work?
gulasugarகுளம்kuḷamsugar*?
gulaikind of curryகுலைgulai*?
gundumarblesகுண்டுkuṇṭuball; anything globular and heavy
gurindamtwo lines rhymeகிரந்தம்kirantam1. book, treatise
2. A verse or prose containing 32 syllables, šlōka
from grantha.
helaisheetஇலைilaileaf, petal
jodoh, jolimate, partnerசோடிcōṭicouple, pairloanword from Hind. jōḍi.
joliroyal sedanடோலிṭōlia kind of sedanloanword from Hind. ḍōlā.
kambiwooden frames to strengthen the edges of doorsகம்பிkampiwall plate
kapalboatகப்பல்kappalship, sailing vessel
kari, karecurryகறிkaṟicurry
katai, katiksmall, shortகடைkaṭṭaishort, low, dwarfish
defect, deficiency
katelumbastionகொத்தளம்kottalampart of a rampart, bastion, defensive erection on the top of a rampartfrom Pāli koṭṭhaka
katia measure of weight = 6¼ onsகட்டிkaṭṭia measure of weight = 25 palams
katik1. Paspalum scrobiculatum,
2. Treron curvirostra,
3. area measurement (of land or field)
கட்டைkaṭṭaimile
katilbedகட்டில்kaṭṭil1. cot, bedstead, couch, sofa,
2. Throne
kawalguard, escourtகாவல்kāvaldefence, protection, watchman, guard
kedaifoodstallகடைkaṭaibazaar, shop, market
kedelaiGlycine maxகடலைkaṭalaiCicer arietinum, Melastoma malabaricumKanarese, Travancore usage kaḍale, Malayalam kaḍala
kelamdarkகளம்kaḷamblackness, dark colour; cloud
keledaiEquus asinusகழுதைkaḻutaiEquus asinus
ketumbarCoriandrum sativumகொத்தமல்லிkottamalliCoriandrum sativumfrom Sanskrit कुस्तुम्बुरु (kustumburu)
koditwenty unitsகோடிkōṭi1. Crore, ten millions,
2. large number
kolampool, pond, basin, tankகுளம்kuḷamtank, pond, reservoir, lake
konde, kundaidressing of hair in large coil on the headகொண்டைkoṇṭaituft, dressing of hair in large coil on the headrelated to Telugu koṇḍe, Kanarese Travancore goṇḍe, Malayalam koṇṭa
korundumnatural Aluminum oxideகுருந்தம்kuruntamcorundum, emery
kudaibasket made of rattanகூடைkūṭaibasket made of rattan, ola or bamboo
kuiltempleகோயில்kōyil1. Palace,
2. Temple, Sanctuary
kulailimpகுலைkulaito untie, loosen, dishevel
kuliphysical workerகூலிkūli1. wages, pay;
2. fare, hire, freight
kundiclay craftsmankuṉṟi?
ladamhorseshoeலாடம்lāṭamhorseshoe
lebaimosque employeesலப்பைlappaiTamil-speaking Muhammadans
logammetalஉலோகம்ulōkammetalfrom lōha metal
madalia musical instrumentமத்தளம்mattaḷama kind of drum
malaistrandsமாலைmālaianything strung together
maligairoyal chamber in palaceமாளிகைmāḷikaitop floor of a storied building?
manggamangoமாங்காய்māṅkāymango
manikbeadsmaṇi
manikamdiamondமாணிக்கம்māṇikkamgem, precious stone
merikan, marikanclothes from Americaமரிக்கன்marikkaṉfrom America
marudisturbing ghostமாற்றுmāṟṟuto change, alter
to conceal, hide
to shift; to transfer, as from a place
matugrade of goldமாற்றுmāṟṟudegree of fineness of gold or silver
mempelammangoமாம்பழம்mā-m-paḻammango fruit
merunggaiMoringa oleiferaமுருங்கைmuruṅkaiMoringa pterygosperma
metaibedமெத்தைmettaibed, cushion
meteraiseal, stampமுத்திரைmuttirai1. impress, mark
2. seal, signet
3. stamp, as for postage, for court fees
misaimustacheமீசைmīcai1. upper part,
2. cf. šmašru. moustache
modalcapital, stockமுதல்mutal1. beginning
2. principal, fund, capital, money yielding interest
3. stock, store
mundamlarge tub for royal bathingமுந்தைmuntaismall vessel
mutu1. quality, purity of gold
2. sad
3. In pinch (chess)
முட்டுmuttudifficulty, as in passing,
hindrance, obstacle, impediment
nalivolume unit =16 gantang =1/50 koyanநாழிnāḻitubularity; tube,
a measure of capacity, =8 ollocks
related to nāḍi
nelayanfishermanநுளையன், கரையான், வலையன், வலைஞன்nuḷaiyaṉ, karaiyāṉ, valaiyaṉ, valaiñaṉ,fisher(man)
nilaindigoநீலnilablue, black, common indigo, blue nelumbo
nilaivalueநிலைnilaistanding
character, quality, temper, nature
nilakandiindigo (color, stone): blue vitriolநீலகண்டன்nīla-kaṇṭaṉblue vitriol
nilamPycnonotus aurigaster
Pogostemon cablin
நீலம்nīlamblue, azure or purple colour
ondé-ondéjian duiஉண்டைuṇṭaiball, globe, sphere; anything round or globular
panaiwooden trayபானைpāṉai1. large earthen pot or vessel
2. measure of capacity
3. oil measure = 4 cempu
pancalogammixture of five (many) metalsபஞ்சலோகம்pañcalōkam1. The five kinds of metal, poṉ, irumpu, cempu, īyam, veḷḷi;
2. Amalgam of the five metals
pandamresin (in the grip of keris)பண்டம்pantam1. substance, material, utensils.
2. belly, body
from bhāṇḍa
panduguideபந்துpanturelation, kinsmanfrom bandhu.
patam, petamornament, jewelryபட்டம்paṭṭamplate of gold worn on the forehead, as an ornament or badge of distinction
pawai1. parade, procession
2. royal equipments
பவனிpavaṉiparade
pelbagaivarious1. பல
2. வகை
1. pala
2. vakai
1. many
2. division, class, manner, way, nature, goods, places, detail
perisaishieldபரிசைparicai1. shield, buckler (come from phara)
2. large umbrella, as a badge of honour
perlisatire, mockeryபுரளிpuraḷi1. Lying, falsehood;
2. Mischief, waggishness;
3. Quarrel, wrangle, broil;
petichest, boxபெட்டிpeṭṭichest, trunk, coffer, box
pitamheadache, dizzinessபித்தம்
பித்தம்
pittam
pitta
lunacy, madness
dizziness
puadaired carpetபாவாடைpāvāṭaired carpet
pualammarbleபவளம்pavaḷamred coral
pudismall diamondபொடிpoṭismall gem
putukue putuபுட்டுpuṭṭuputtu
ragamvariousராகம்(i)rākamdesire, color, redness, music
rotibreadரொட்டிroṭṭibread, wheaten cake
sambalsambalசம்பாரம்campāramspicy condiments, curry stuff1. from Sanskrit सम्बार (sambāra) 'spices'.
2. related to sambar (சாம்பார் cāmpār)
satai, satésatayசதைcataiflesh
sedelinggamred paint materialசாதிலிங்கம்cātiliṅkamcermilion, red sulphurate of mercury
senamcalisthenicsசானம்
சனம்
cāṇam
caṉam
meditation (dhyāna)
people, crowd, herd
sengketato disputeஸங்கடம்saṅkaṭamtrouble
talamtray without feetதாலம்tālam1. eating- plate, porringer, usually of metal.
2. Salver
tampahtrayதம்பாtampātraysee tatak
tambi1. younger brother (Indian)
2. helper
தம்பிtampiyounger brother (Indian)
tandiloverseerதண்டல்taṇṭaltax-collector
tandupalanquinதண்டுtaṇṭupole of a palanquin or other vehicle
tembagacopperசெம்புcempucopper, gold, metal vessel
temanfriendதமன்tamaṉfriend (male)
terusi, tursiblue vitriolதுருசுturucublue vitriol
tiraicurtainதிரைtiraicurtain
tolanfriendதோழன்tōlanfriend (male)
topihatதொப்பிtoppicap
tunaicashதுணைtuṇaimeasure, extent, degree, quantity, number?
WédaVēdasவேதம்vētamVēdas

From Arabic

The loanwords from Arabic are mainly concerned with religion, in particular with Islam. Allah is the word for God even in Christian Bible translations. Many early Bible translators, when they came across some unusual Hebrew words or proper names, used the Arabic cognates. In the newer translations, this practice has been discontinued. They now turn to Greek names or use the original Hebrew word. For example, the name Jesus was initially translated as 'Isa, but is now spelt as Yesus.

Word Meaning Original word Transcription, notes
abdiservantعَبْدʻabd
abjadalphabetالأبْجَدِيّةal'abjadia
adabcivilize, properأَدَبadab
adatcustomعادةʻāda
ahadSunday (Islamic)الأحدal-ahad
ajaibmagicalعجائبʻajāʼīb
ajaldeathأَجَلʻajl: fate
akad contract, promise عَقْد ʻaqd
akalreasonعَقْلʻaql
akhirendآخِرʼākhir
akhirathereafterآخِرةākhira
akhlakcharacter, nature (of person)أَخْلاقakhlāq
alamnatureعالَمʻālam: world, earth
alami natural عالَميّ ʻālamiyy
aljabaralgebraالجَبْرal-jabr
amalalms giving, good deedعَمَلʻamal: work
amansafe, secureأمانʼamān
andayou (formal)أَنْتَanta
asaloriginأَصْلʼaṣl
asas foundation, basis أَساس ʼasās
asasi foundational, basic أَساسيّ ʼasāsiyy
aslireal, originalأَصْليّʼaṣliyy
awalbeginningأَوَّلʼawwal
badanbodyبَدَنbadan
baharimaritime, naval, of the seaبَحْريّbaḥriyy
batin inner self بَطْن baṭn: stomach
berkah, berkatblessingبَرَكةbaraka
daftarlistدَفْتَرdaftar: notebook
dahsyatawesomeدَهْشَةdahšat: astonishment
dakwahsermonدَعْوةda'wa
derajatdegree, levelدَرَجَةdaraja
doaprayاِدِّعَاءiddiʿāʾ: plea
duniaworldدُنْياdunyā
faedahbenefit, profitفَائِدَةfayida
fajardawnفَجْرfajr
fakirpoor person, pauperفَقيرfaqīr
gaibunseenالغِيْبalghaib
hadiahgift, presentهديةhadiyyah
hafalmemorizeحَفِظَhifz
halal religiously lawful حَلال ḥalāl
hak right حَقّ ḥaqq
hakikattruth, baseحَقيقةḥaqīqa
hakiki true, real حَقيقيّ ḥaqīqiyy
hakim judge (in court of law) حاكِم ḥākim
haramreligiously unlawfulحَرامḥarām
harfiahliteralحِرَفيّḥirafiyy
hayati living حَياتيّ ḥayātiyy
hewananimalحَيَوانḥayawān
hikmahwisdom, deeper meaningحِكْمةḥikma
hukum law حُكْم ḥukm
hurufletter (of an alphabet)حُروفḥurūf
iblisdevilإِبْلِيس'iiblis
see setan
ijazahdiplomaإجازةʼijāza: license
ikhlassincereمخلصmukhlas
ikrarpledge, declarationإقْرارʼiqrār
ilmiahscientificعِلْميّʻilmiyy
ilmuknowledge, scienceعِلْمʻilm
istilahtermمُصْطَلَحmuṣṭalaḥ
istirahat rest, break, pause, recess اسْتَراحة istarāḥa
izinpermission, to permitإذْنʼidhn
jadwalscheduleجَدْوَلjadwal
jahanamcursed, damnedجَهَنَّمjahannam: hell
jahilprank, practical jokeجاهِلjāhil: ignorant, uninformed
jawabanswerجَوابjawāb
jenazahcorpseجَنازةjanāza: funeral
jilbabhijab, head coveringجلبابjilbāb: loose coat
Jumat Friday الجُمْعة al-jumʻa
kabarnewsخَبَرkhabar
kafanwhite shroud (to cover the dead)كَفَنkafan
kafirinfidelكافِرkāfir
kaidahruleقَاعِدَةqaida
Kamis Thursday الخَميس al-khamīs
kamusdictionaryقاموسqāmūs
keraapeقردqarad
kertaspaperقِرْطاسqirṭās
khalayakaudience, public
khasspecialtyخاصّkhāṣṣ
khawatirworryخواطرkhawatir: reflections
khayalimagination, fictionخَيَالkhial
khianatbetrayal, treasonخِيَانَةُkhiana
khitan circumcision خِتان khitān
khususspecial, particularخصوصkhuṣūṣ
kitabreligious bookكِتابkitāb
korbansacrificeقُرْبانqurbān
kuliahcollegeكُلّيّةkulliyya: faculty
kurmadate palmكَرْمةkarma: grapevine
kursichairكُرْسيّkursiyy
kurunspan (of time)قُرونqurūn: centuries
lahirto be born; physical, external, outerظاهرẓāhir
laskarsoldierالعَسْكَرal-ʻaskar
lezatdeliciousلذيذladhidh
lisanverbally, tongueلِسانlisān
maafsorry, to apologiseمعافmuʻāf
mahkamah court of law مَحْكَمة maḥkama
majelisassembly, board, councilمَجْلِسmajlis
makamgraveمَقَامmaqām
makhlukcreatureمخلوقmaẖlūq
maknameaningمَعْنًىmaʻnan
maksudmeaning, purposeمَقْصودmaqsūd
maktub written مَكْتوب maktūb
malaikatangelمَلائكةmalāʼika
masalahproblemمَسْأَلةmasʼala
masjidmosqueمَسْجِدmasjid
mautdead, deadlyمَوْتmawt
menaratowerمَنارةmanāra
MesirEgyptمِصْرmiṣr
miskinpoorمِسْكينmiskīn
mubaziruselessمُبَذِّرmubaḏḏir
mufakatapprovalموافقةmuwāfaqa
muflisbankruptمُفْلِسmuflis
mujizatmiracleالمعجزاتal-mujazat
mungkinmaybeمُمْكِنmumkin
munafikhypocriteمُنافِقmunāfiq
murtadapostateمُرْتَدّmurtadd
musimseasonمَوْسِمmawsim
mustahilimpossibleمُسْتَحيلmustaḥīl
musyawarahdiscussion
nabi prophet نَبيّ nabiiy
nafasbreathe, respireتَنَفَّسَtanafas
nafkahlivingالنفقةalnafaqa: alimony
nafsudesireنَفْسnafs: self, soul
najisimpure, uncleanنَجِسnajis
nasihat advice نَصيحة naṣīḥa
nikahto marryنيكَniika
nisbahratioنسبةnisba
paham to understand فَهْم fahm
petuahlesson, adviceفَتْوىfatwā
pikirto thinkفِكْرfikr
pondokcottage, lodge, shackفندقfunduq
Rabu Wednesday الأَرْبِعاء al-ʼarbiʻāʼ
rahimuterus, wombرَحِمraḥim
rahmatblessingرَحْمةraḥma
rakyatpeople, citizenرَعيّةraʻiyya
rasul prophet, apostle رَسول rasūl
rehat, rihat rest راحة rāḥa
saatmomentساعةsāʻa: hour
sabarpatientصَبْرṣabr
SabtuSaturdayالسَبْتas-sabt
sabunsoapصابونṣābūn
sahabatclose friendصَحابةṣaḥāba
salat to pray (for Muslims) صَلاة ṣalāh
salehpiousصالِحṣāliḥ
saljusnowثَلْجthalj
sarafnerveصَرْفṣarf
saumfastingصَوْمṣawm
sebabcause, reasonسَبَبsabab
sedekahcharitable gift, almsصَدَقةṣadaqa
sehathealthyصِحّةṣiḥḥa
selamatsafe, well-beingسَلامةsalāma
Selasa Tuesday الثُلاثاء ath-thulāthāʼ
SeninMondayالإثْنَيْنal-ithnayn
serikatcompany, federationشَرِكَةsharika
setandevil, demonشَيْطَانshaitan
siasatstrategy, trickسِياسةsiyāsa: policy, strategy
sifat characteristic, trait, quality صِفة ṣifa
soalquestion, problemسُؤالsuʼāl
subuh early morning صُبْح ṣubḥ
sultankingسلطانsultan
syariatIslamic lawشَريعةsharīʻa
syukurgratitudeشُكْرshukr
taatobedientطاعةṭāʿa
tabibtraditional healerطَبيبṭabīb
takaburarrogantتَكَبُّرtakabbur
takdirdestinyتقديرtaqdir: estimation
terjemahto translateتَرْجَمةtarjama
tertiborderlyتَرْتيبtartīb
umumcommon, publicعُمومʻumūm
umurageعُمْرʻumr
unsurelementعُنْصُرʻunṣur
wahidone, the onlyواحِدwāḥid
wajahfaceوَجْهwajh
wajibrequired, compulsoryوَاجِبwājib: duty
waktutimeوَقْتwaqt
waristo inheritوارِثwārith
wilayahregion, areaوِلايةwilāya
yakinconfidence, sureness, beliefيَقينyaqīn
zaitunoliveزَيْتونzaytūn
zakarmale genitaliaذَكَرdhakar
zakatalmsزَكاةzakāh
zamaneraزَمَنzaman
zamrudemeraldزُمُرُّدzumurrud
ziarah pilgrimage زيارة ziyāra: visit
zinahadulteryزِناءzināʼ

From Persian

Persian is an Indo-European language under the Indo-Iranian branch, wherein Sanskrit and Hindi belongs.

Word Meaning Original word Transcription, notes
anggurgrape, wineانگورan-gūr
bajushirtبازوbāzū (arm)
bandarportبندرbandar
cadarveilچادرchādar
dewanassembly, meetingدیوانdivan (administration)
firdauseden, bountiful gardenفردوسfirdaus
gandumwheatگندمgandum
juangbattleجنگjang
kaisaremperorقیصرqeysar
kismisraisinکشمشkishmish
kurmadateخرماkhurmā
medanarea, field, squareمیدانmeidan
nakhodacaptain of a shipناخداnākhodā
pahlawanheroپ‍ﮩ‍لوانpahlwān
pasarmarket/bazaarبازارbāzār
pesonacharmافسونafsūn
pialacup, trophyپیالهpyāla (cup, bowl)
pirus turquoise سنگ فیروزه firuze
rubah fox روباه rubah
salamhello/regardsسلامsalam (a is pronounced like in autograph)
sihirmagicسِحْرsihr
syahbandarportmasterشاهِ بندرshah-e bandar (lit. "king of the port")
takhtathroneتختtakht
taufan typhoon تافون taufan
ustadteacher (religious, Islam)اُستَاذustad
YunaniGreeceيونانyūnān
ziraharmorزرهzirah

From Hebrew

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Hebrew
word
Hebrew
Transliteration
Hebrew
meaning
Note Ref
bethel 1. holy place,
2. a Christian denomination
בֵּיתאֵל beth.el house of God usually loan rendered as bait Allah (bait is a loanword from the cognate word بَيْت (bayt) in Arabic).
haleluya alleluia, hallelujah הַלְּלוּיָהּ halleluya alleluia, hallelujah
kibbutz kibbutz קִבּוּץ kibútz kibbutz
mazmur psalms מזמור mizmor a lyric ode, or a song set to music see psalms.
onani masturbation, to masturbate אוננות onanút masturbation after the Biblical figure: Onan, Genesis: 38:9 [5][6][7][8]
rabi rabbi רַבִּי rab.bi rabbi
sabat shabbat שַׁבָּת shab.bat shabbat 1. see Shabbat and Sabbath.
2. see also sabtu, loanword from Arabic.
Yahwe Yahweh יהוה *see note Yahweh 1. see Yahweh, Judeo-Christian God.
2. see also tetragrammaton.

From Chinese

The Chinese loanwords are usually concerned with cuisine, trade or often just exclusively things Chinese. According to the 2000 census, the relative number of people of Chinese descent in Indonesia (termed the peranakan) is almost 1% (totaling to about 3 million people, although this may likely be an underestimate due to an anti-Chinese sentiment that exists in some circles of the population), yet the peranakan are the most successful when it comes to business, trade, and cuisine. Words of Chinese origin (presented here with accompanying Hokkien/ Mandarin pronunciation derivatives as well as traditional and simplified characters) include pisau (匕首 bǐshǒu – knife), mie (T:麵, S:面, Hokkien mī – noodles), lumpia (潤餅 (Hokkien = lūn-piáⁿ) – springroll), teko (T:茶壺, S:茶壶 = cháhú [Mandarin], teh-ko [Hokkien] = teapot), 苦力 kuli = 苦 khu (bitter) and 力 li (energy) and even the widely used slang terms gua and lu (from the Hokkien 'goa' 我 and 'lu/li' 你 – meaning 'I/ me' and 'you'). Almost all loanwords in Indonesian of Chinese origin come from Hokkien (福建) or Hakka (客家).

From Japanese

Japanese is an East Asian language spoken by about 126 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the official language and national language. The influx of Japanese loanword can be classified into two periods, Japanese colonial administration period (1942–1945) and globalisation of Japanese popular culture (1980-now). As Indonesian is written using Latin script, Japanese romanisation systems influence the spelling in Indonesian.

From Korean

In contrast with Chinese and Japanese, Korean loanwords are mostly related to Korean culture. These loanword is attributed to increasing popularity of South Korean culture. Since the turn of the 21st century, South Korea has emerged as a major exporter of popular culture and tourism, aspects which have become a significant part of its burgeoning economy. This phenomenon is called Korean Wave.

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Korean
Hangul
Korean
Hanja
Korean
Transliteration
Korean
meaning
Note Ref
bibimbap bibimbap 비빔밥 bi-bim-bap bibimbap Korean rice dish with meat, vegetables, egg and spices that are eaten by mixing all these ingredients. [9]
bulgogi bulgogi 불고기 bul-go-gi bulgogi Korean dish made from seasoned meat, processed by grilling or frying. [10]
kimci kimchi 김치 kim-chi kimchi traditional side dishmade from salted and fermented vegetables. [11]
mukbang mukbang 먹방 muk-bang mukbang Broadcast that shows people eating a lot of food. [12]
taekwondo taekwondo 태권도 跆拳道 taekwondo taekwondo Taekwondo is a Korean martial art, characterized by its emphasis on head-height kicks, jumping and spinning kicks, and fast kicking techniques.
won won won 1. won, the currencies
2. circle
Won are currencies of South and North Korea.

From European languages

The European influence on Indonesian is largely related to European intervention and colonialism. The most significant consequence is the continued use of the Latin alphabet instead of various local scripts.

The Portuguese arrived first in the archipelago and influenced the original Malay language after their conquest of Malacca. Portuguese dominance over trade in the region and control of the spice islands of Moluccas significantly increased Portuguese influence, as did the introduction of Christianity in the region.

However, Dutch has had the most influence on the language, as a result of the Dutch having controlled Indonesia for 300 years after eliminating Portuguese influence in the archipelago. The Dutch language itself was not introduced into the archipelago before 1799, when the Dutch government took over the colony from the already bankrupt VOC (Dutch East India company). Previously, the Malay language had adopted by the VOC due to its trade and diplomatic benefit, which led to large numbers of loanwords being introduced into the language.

English has also exerted a certain influence on the archipelago's language, being the third most favored foreign language by the educated in colonial days. More recently, English has played an increasingly large role in the nation's official language as a result of globalization.

From Portuguese

Alongside Malay, Portuguese was the lingua franca for trade throughout the archipelago from the sixteenth century through to the early nineteenth century. The Portuguese were among the first westerners to sail east to the "Spice Islands". Loanwords from Portuguese were mainly connected with articles the early European traders and explorers brought to Southeast Asia.[13]

Word Meaning Original word
aktaact (law)acta (Dutch: akte)
algojoexecutioneralgoz
armadafleetarmada
babuservantbabo
bangkuchairbanco: bench (Dutch: bank)
baretbarrettebarrete
batakobrickpataco
BelandaDutch, HollandHolanda
bendéraflagbandeira
berandaverandah, porchvaranda
biolaviolinviola
bolaballbola
bolu (kué)(a type of) cakebolo
bonékadollboneca
cerutucigarcharuto
dansadance (not including traditional dance)dança
dadudicedado
gagumutegago: stutterer, stuttering
gancohookgancho
garpuforkgarfo
geréjachurchigreja
gratisfree (not having to pay)gratis (Dutch: gratis)
jendélawindowjanela
JepangJapanJapão
kaldubrothcaldo
kanalchannelcanal (Dutch: kanaal)
kéjucheesequeijo
keméjashirtcamisa
kerétachariot/cartcarreta
kertaspapercartas (papel)
kredocreedcredo
lelangauctionleilão
lemariclosetarmário
mejatablemesa
mentégabuttermanteiga
MingguSundaydomingo
misamassmissa
mitosmythmitos
nanaspineappleananás
natalChristmasnatal
nodastainnódoa
nonayoung womandona
palsufake, falsefalso
pastapastepasta
perahuboatproa: bow
perdushrubpardo: brown
pesiarcruise, excursionpassear
pestapartyfesta
pigura/figurapicture, figurefigura
pitaribbonfita
pompapumpbomba hidráulica, (Dutch: pomp)
rodawheelroda
SabtuSaturdaysábado
sabunsoapsabão
sakupocket, bagsaco (Dutch: zak)
santo/santasaintsanto
sekolahschoolescola (Latin: schola)
sepatushoesapato
serdadusoldiersoldado
témpotimetempo
tendatenttenda
teriguwheattrigo
tintainktinta
tololfooltolo
tukarexchangetrocar

From Spanish

As Portuguese, Spanish loanword come from colonialism in East Indies. In 1606, the Spaniards established some form of trade links with the Maluku Islands. Manado was further developed by Spain as a centre of commerce for the Chinese traders who traded the coffee in China; with the help of native allies, the Spanish took over the Portuguese fortress in Amurang in the 1550s, and Spanish settlers also established a fort at Manado so that eventually Spain controlled all of the Minahasa. In 1529, Charles I of Spain relinquished all claims to the Spice Islands to Portugal in the treaty of Zaragoza. Thus, there are fewer loanwords from Spanish than Portuguese or Dutch.[14]

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Spanish
word
Spanish
meaning
Note Ref
adios good bye, farewell adiós good bye, farewell
baluwarti palace fortified wall baluarte (via Filipino languages then Javanese 'baluwerti') stronghold
bonanza wealth, good fortune, or profits source bonanza fair weather, prosperity
cedilla cedilla cedilla cedilla
dona doña title of respect for a woman Not available in isolated form in Indonesian. Compound words with -dona in Indonesian are madona and primadona.
entrenador trainer, coach entrenador trainer, coach
fandango fandango fandango fandango Fandango is a lively couples dance from Spain, usually in triple metre, traditionally accompanied by guitars, castanets, or hand-clapping.
hailai jai alai jai alai jai alai lit. happy party
havana Cuban cigar habana Habanos, producer Cuban cigars lit. (something) from Havana
kamisa shirt camisa shirt see also kemeja, from Portuguese
kredo creed credo also derived from Portuguese
matador bullfighter matador killer Based on English usage, matador used in the English language as title for a bullfighter, which come from shortening of matador de toros (lit. "killer of bulls").
mestizo mestizo mestizo mestizo Mestizo is a person of combined European and Amerindian or Pacific Islander descent.
misa mass misa mass
perlente elegant parlante talking
plaza 1. plaza, town square
2. shopping mall with parking lot
plaza plaza
ponco poncho poncho poncho originally loan word from Quechua punchu
sombrero sombrero sombrero hat

From Dutch

The former colonial power, the Netherlands, left an extensive imprint on Indonesian vocabulary. These Dutch loanwords, as well as other non Italo-Iberian European language loanwords which were introduced via Dutch, cover all aspects of life. Some Dutch loanwords possessing clusters of multiple consonants pose difficulties for speakers of Indonesian. This problem is usually solved by the insertion of the schwa. For example, Dutch schroef [ˈsxruf]sekrup [səˈkrup]. Many Indonesian vocabulary ending "-i" (e.g.:administras-i) can also be traced to the influence of Dutch vocabulary "-ie" (e.g.:administrat-ie). The months from January (Januari) to December (Desember) used in Indonesian are also derived from Dutch. It is estimated that 10,000 words in the Indonesian language can be traced back to the Dutch language.[15]

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Dutch
word
Dutch
meaning
Note Ref
abolisi abolition abolitie abolition
abonemen subscription abonnement subscription
accoord agreement, accord accoord agreement, accord 1. clipped as acc.
2. Loan word borrowed from French from Vulgar Latin *accordō, accordāre (“to be heart to heart with”), formed from Latin ad + cor (“heart”).
adempauze breather adempauze breather
administrasi administration administratie administration
advokat lawyer advocaat lawyer
afdeling division, section afdeling division, section
afdeeling pre-1934 spelling, obsolete
afspraak verbal promise afspraak arrangement, agreement, understanding
Agustus August augustus August
aktual current, present actueel current, present
aliansi alliance alliantie alliance
ambah handicraft (archaic) ambacht 1. handicraft.
2. (historical) legal district
amnesti amnesty, state-granted pardon amnestie amnesty, state-granted pardon
amprah demand, request aanvraag application
andil 1. contribution, part.
2. (finance) a share, stock
aandeel 1. contribution, part.
2. (finance) a share, stock
angker, angkar anchor anker anchor
antik antique antiek antique
antusias enthusiastic enthousiast enthusiastic
apatis apathetic apathisch apathetic
apartemen apartment appartement apartment
apartheid apartheid apartheid 1. separateness, separating characteristics.
2. apartheid
From Afrikaans, a Dutch-related language, apartheid ("apartheid").
aplaus applause applaus applause
apotek, apotik pharmacy apotheek pharmacy
apoteker pharmacist apotheker pharmacist
April April april April
arbéi strawberry aardbei strawberry
arde ground (electricity) aarde earth, soil, ground
areal area areaal area
arloji watch horloge watch
artikel article artikel article
as axis, axle as axis, axle
asbak ashtray asbak ashtray From as ("ash") + bak ("container").
asosial antisocial asociaal antisocial
atret backwards achteruit backwards From achter ("behind") + uit ("out").
bak container bak container
bal ball bal ball
ban tyre, belt band tyre, belt
barikade barricade barricades barricade
baskom washbasin waskom washbasin From was ("wash") + kom ("bowel", "basin").
baterai, batere, baterei battery batterij battery
baut bolt bout bolt
bêdindê servant bediende servant (sing.)
begroting budget begroting budget
belek, blek can, tin blik can, tin
behel dental braces beugel 1. dental braces.
2. hinged clamp
beken famous, notorious bekend 1. (well-)known.
2. familiar, trusted.
bekleding upholstering bekleding upholstering
belasting tax, excise, duty belasting 1. strain, burden, load.
2. tax, levy by public authorities.
beleid policy beleid 1. policy.
2. care.
béngkél workshop (industrial) winkel shop From Middle Dutch winkel (“corner”).
berurte fit, stroke or seizure beroerte fit, stroke or seizure
beslit letter of appointment besluit decision, determination
bêstèl delivery place bestellen 1. to order, demand delivery.
2. to deliver
bestir management board bestuur 1. management.
2. governing board.
3. reign
bêsèt excoriation bezetten to occupy, to fill
besuk to visit sick persons bezoeken to visit
BH, beha brassiere bustehouder brassiere
binnen 1. in (preposition, adverb).
2. set for life
binnen 1. in (preposition, adverb).
2. set for life
bioskop cinema bioscoop cinema
bistik beefsteak biefstuk beefsteak
bus, bis bus bus bus
bon receipt bon receipt, ticket (e.g. for speeding), voucher
boomzaken harbour administration boomzaken harbour administration
boorwater boric acid solution boorwater boric acid solution
brankas, brangkas safe brandkast safe
branwir firefighter squad brandweer fire department
bruder friar (notably Catholic) broeder friar (notably Catholic) 1. cognate with brother in English.
2. the meaning as brother is dated and translated as broer in Dutch.
buku book boek book In Indonesian, buku is used for book (for specific for secular books). For religious and poetic book, Indonesian uses kitab (an Arabic loanword) and pustaka (a Sanskrit loanword) respectively.
buncis green beans boontjes beans (plural diminutive)
cako headgear
cokelat chocolate chocolade chocolate
cultuurstelsel cultivation system cultuurstelsel cultivation system
curatele guardianship curatele guardianship
dah/dadahgood-byedag: (good) day
dakroofdak
dasinecktiedas(je)
debatdebatedebat
departemendepartmentdepartement
DesemberDecemberdecember
dinasadministrationdienst
diskusidiscussiondiscussie
doktermedical doctordokter
dosisdosedosis
duitmoneyduit: a copper Dutch coin
egoisselfishegoïst: egoist
émbérbucketemmer
éngsélhingeshengsel
EropaEuropeEuropa
fakturinvoicefactuur
fantastisfantasticfantastisch
FebruariFebruaryfebruari
frambusraspberryframboos
gajiwagesgage
gangalleygang
garduto guard, watch postgarde
gerilyaguerrillaguerrilla
gordencurtaingordijn
gubernurgovernorgouverneur
halohellohallo
handuktowelhanddoek
hangerhangerhanger
halte busbus stopbushalte
helmhelmethelm
hipotekmortgagehypotheek
ideideaidee
identikidenticalidentiek
ilusiilussionilusie
imunimmuneimmuun
indehoyforbidden sexual intercourseinhethooi:[16] in the hay
IndoEurasian, mestizoabbreviation of Indo-European
infanteriinfantryinfanterie
insinyurengineeringenieur
institutinstituteinstituut
intimintimateintiem
JanuariJanuaryjanuari
jascoatjas
JuliJulyjuli
JuniJunejuni
jusjuicejus
kabelcablekabel
kaisaremperorkeizer
kakustoiletverb: kakken/noun: kakhuis
kalemcalmkalm
kalkunturkeykalkoen
kamarroomkamer
kantorofficekantoor
karaktercharacterkarakter
karcisticketkaartjes: plural for diminutive of kaart, card or ticket
kartucardkaart
kastanyechestnutkastanje
katuncottonkatoen
kavalericavalrycavalerie
kelarready, finishedklaar
kelasclassklas
keranfaucet, tapkraan
knalpot (or kenalpot)muffler (on a motor vehicle)knalpot
kolcabbageskool
kolegacolleaguecollega
komandancommandercommandant
komentarcommentcommentaar
komersilcommercialcommercieel
komisariscommissionercommissaris
kondisiconditionconditie
kongrescongresscongres
kopicoffeekoffie
koplingclutchkoppeling
koporsuitcasekoffer
kor/koorchoirkoor
korsleting/konsletshort circuitkortsluiting
korting/diskondiscountkorting/disconteren
korupcorruptcorrupt
korupsicorruptioncorruptie
kos/indekosroom rentalkost:[16] cost; board
kuitansireceiptkwitantie
kulkasice box or refrigeratorkoelkast
kursuscoursecursus
kusénwindow framekozijn
lacideskdrawerlaatje: diminutive form of la(de)
lampulamplamp
limunlemonadelimoen: lemon
lisensilicenselicentie
listrikelectricelektrisch
loketpay boxloket
makelarbrokermakelaar
mantelcoatmantel
MaretMarchmaart
maskapaiairlinemaatschappij: company
massamass (bulk, load)massa
matrasbedmatras
mebelfurnituremeubel
media massamass mediamassamedia
MeiMaymei
meisessprinklesmuisjes
merekbrandmerk
mesinmachine, enginemachine
migrasimigrationmigratie
mindernot confidentminder
misimissionmissie
mobilcar, automobileautomobiel
montirmechanicmonteur
motormotorcyclemotorfiets
mur nut (hardware) moer nut (hardware)
nanaspineappleananas (Portuguese: Ananás, origin South America)
nomernumbernummer
nolzero/nilnul
NovemberNovembernovember
OktoberOctoberoktober
omuncleoom
omagrandmaoma
omzet/omsetrevenueomzet
onderdilcomponents/spare partsonderdeel
ongkoscost & expensesonkosten
opagranddadopa
oranyeorange (colour)oranje
orgelpipe organorgel
otomatisautomaticautomatisch
pabrikfactoryfabriek
parkirparkingparkeer
parlemenparliamentparlement
parokiparishparochie
pasfitpast (third person singular of "passen")
pastorpastorpastoor
paviliunpavilionpaviljoen
peloporfrontrunnervoorloper
pénsilpencilpenseel (brush)
pensiunretirementpensioen
perbodenprohibit (mainly used in street signs in Indonesian)verboden
permakalter, transformvermaken
permisiexcuse me; permissionpermissie: permission
peronplatform (railway)perron
perspresspers
persikpeachperzik
persisprecise, exactly the same, look alikeprecies
persnelinggearversnelling
plafonceilingplafond, from French
polisipolicepolitie
potlotpencilpotlood
potretportraitportret
premangangster, thugvrijman: freeman; outlaw
prestasiperformanceprestatie
prinsipprincipleprincipe
proyekprojectproject
redaksieditorial officeredactie
rékeningaccountrekening
reklameadvertisementreclame
rembrakerem
rentenirloan sharkrenteneer
resepreciperecept
réslétingzipperritssluiting
risikoriskrisico
rokskirtrok
rokokcigarette; smokeroken: to smoke
sakelarswitchschakelaar
saldobalancesaldo
satelitsatellitesatelliet
saussaucesaus
segelsealzegel
sekopshovelschop
sekrupscrewschroef
sekssexseks
seksisectionsektie
selangwater hoseslang
sempakswim briefszwempak
senewenjumpyzenuwachtig
SeptemberSeptemberseptember
sepurtrainspoor
seriusseriousserieus
sertifikatcertificatecertificaat
setrappunishment, sanctionstraf
setrikaclothes ironstrijkijzer
setrumcurrent (electricity)stroom
sinterklasSanta Claussinterklaas
sipirwardencipier
sirkulasicirculationcirculatie
solusisolutionsolutie
spandukcommercial or information bannerspandoeken
standarstandardstandaard
stasiuntrain stationstation
stopkontakpower socketstopcontact
strukturstructurestructuur
susternun, nurse, sisterzuster
tangplierstang
tasbagtas
tégelfloor tiletegel
tehteathee
teknologitechnologytechnologie
telatlatete laat (too late)
telefontelephonetelefoon
televisitelevisiontelevisie
temathemethema
terompettrumpettrompet
teoritheorytheorie
tintainktint
tomattomatotomaat (Portuguese: tomate, origin Central America)
topiktopictopic
torentower (usually for water tower in Indonesian)toren
traktirtreattrakteer
tustelcamera toolstoestel: device, appliances
variabelvariablevariabel
vasvasevaas
versiversionversie
visivisionvisie
voorijderoutridervoorrijder
vulkanvolcanovulkaan
wastafelsinkwastafel
wolwoolwol
wortelcarrotwortel
yuridisjuridicaljuridisch
yustisijudiciaryjustitie

From Greek

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Greek
word
Greek
Transliteration
Greek
meaning
Source
word
Source
meaning
Source
Language
Note Ref
agape agape ἀγάπη agápē agape
apokrifa 1. uncertain source.
2. biblical apocrypha
ἀπόκρυφος apókruphos hidden
apologi 1. remorse.
2. defense
ᾰ̓πολογῐ́ᾱ apologíā (Ancient) defense
asbes, asbestos asbestos ἄσβεστος ásbestos unquenchable, inextinguishable asbest asbestos Dutch Dutch asbest (asbestos) is based on Latin asbestos (asbestos).
askese rigorous self-denial ἀσκητής askētḗs monk, hermit
autopsi, otopsi autopsy αὐτοψῐ́ᾱ autopsíā seeing with one's own eyes autopsie autopsy Dutch Dutch autopsie (autopsy) is based on New Latin autopsia (autopsy).
demokrasi democracy δημοκρατία dēmokratía democracy democratie democracy Dutch
diaken deacon διάκονος diákonos servant, messenger diaken deacon Dutch
diakon
diakonia diaconia δῐᾱκονῐ́ᾱ diākoníā service
ekaristi eucharist εὐχᾰρῐστῐ́ᾱ eukharistíā 1. thanks, gratitude.
2. giving of thanks.
3. eucharist
eucharistie eucharist Dutch
evangeli Gospel εὐάγγελος euángelos good news ēvangelium good news, Gospel Latin
filsafat philosophy φιλοσοφία philasophia philosophy فَلْسَفَة falsafa philosophy Arabic
hipokrit hypocrite ῠ̔ποκρῐτής hupokritḗs 1. interpreter.
2. actor.
hypocrita 1. mimic (mime artist).
2. hypocrite
Latin 1. The Greek word is υποκριτής (ypokritís).
idola idol εἴδωλον eídōlon 1. phantom, ghost quotations.
2. shape, figure, image.
3. image of the mind: idea, fancy.
4. representation, statue, idol
idolum, idola 1. image, form, especially a spectre, apparition or ghost.
2. idol
Latin
idool, idoolen idol Dutch
idol, idolum idol English
mitos myth μῦθος mythos 1. word, speech, conversation.
2. tale, story, narrative.
mitos myth (pl.) Portuguese
oikumene, ekumene ecumene οἰκουμένη oikouménē 1. inhabited.
2. civilised world.
porno pornography, lewd πόρνη pórnē harlot 1. From contraction of Indonesian pornografi (pornographic), from Dutch pornografie or English pornography, from French pornographie.
2. Pornografi is a formal word in Indonesia, while porno is informal.
sinagogê synagogue, συναγωγή synagogē assembly synagoge synagogue Dutch Synagogue is Judaism prayer house.
stadion stadium στάδιον stadion (Ancient) 600-foot stadion stadium Dutch The Greek word is στάδιο (stadio).
teater theatre θέᾱτρον théātron (Ancient) theatre, play theater theatre Dutch 1. The Greek word is θέατρο (théatro).
2. Dutch theater (theatre) is based from Old French theatre, from Latin theatrum.

From Latin

It is notable that some of the loanwords that exist in both Indonesian and Malaysian languages are different in spelling and pronunciation mainly due to how they derived their origins: Malaysian utilizes words that reflect the English usage (as used by its former colonial power, the British), while Indonesian uses a Latinate form reflected in the Dutch usage (e.g. aktiviti (Malaysian) vs. aktivitas (Indonesian), universiti (Malaysian) vs. universitas (Indonesian)).

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Latin
word
Latin
meaning
Indirect
Loanword
Indirect
Source
Meaning Note Ref
ad interim temporarily ad interim
aktivitas activity activitas
almamater alma mater alma māter alma mater
alter ego accompanying person alter ego another self
devosi devotion dēvōtiō devotion
èkskomunikasi excommunication excommūnicātiō excommunication excommunicatie Dutch excommunication
fakultas faculty facultas faculty The Dutch loanword faculteit was used before.
forum forum forum public place, marketplace, forum forum Portuguese
hosti sacramental bread hostia sacramental bread hostie Dutch sacramental bread
humaniora humanities hūmāniōra humaniora Dutch
intērnuntius Papal internuntius internuntius intermediary, messenger
kanonis canonical canonicus canonical
kantata song cantata cantada Portuguese
kardinal cardinal, an official of Catholic Church cardinālis hinge kardinaal Dutch cardinal, an official of Catholic Church
kongrégasi Congregation congregātiō Congregation congregatie Dutch Congregation
konkordat concordat concordatum concordat concordaat Dutch concordat
konsèkrasi consecration cōnsecrātiō consecration consecratie Dutch consecration
konsistori consistory consistorium consistory consistorie Dutch consistory
kualitas quality qualitas Dutch-influenced informal spelling kwalitas is used sometimes. The Dutch word is kwaliteit.
kuria curia curia curia curia Dutch curia
légio Legion of Mary legio legion
nihil nil, nothing, zero nihil
nimbus nimbus nimbus nimbus, dark cloud
nota bene actually, after look carefully, also nota bene examine closely
novèna novena novēna novena
oblasi the offering of worship, thanks etc. to a deity. oblātiō offering, gift
oratorium 1. chapel,
2. oratorio, a musical composition
ōrātōrium place of prayer, oratory oratorium Dutch 1. chapel,
2. oratorio, a musical composition
ordo 1. Catholics religious group,
2. a biological taxonomy level
ōrdō series, class, group
pater priest pater father pater Dutch father (priest)
pidato speech pedātō पदार्थ (padārtha) Sanskrit meaning of a word
primas primate prīmus first
rékolèksi a spiritual retreat recollectus to collect again
rèktor rector rēctor leader, director, tutor rector Dutch rector
rosario prayer beads, especially rosary rosarium a rose garden, rosary rosário Portuguese rosary
sakramèn sacrament sacrāmentum sacrament sacrament Dutch sacrament
sakriilegi sacrilege sacrilegium sacrilege
sakristi sacristy sacristia vestry sacristie Dutch sacristy
santa saint (female) sāncta saint (female) santa Portuguese saint (female)
santo saint (male) sānctus saint (male) santo Portuguese saint (male)
sēkulir secular clergy saecularis of the age
sivitas akademika academic community cīvitās acadēmica city's academic
stipèndium alms (Church) stīpendium stipend
tabērnakēl tabernacle tabernaculum tent tabernakel Dutch tabernacle
universitas university universitas The Dutch loanword universiteit was used before.
vigili vigil vigil wake, watching, alert
vikaris vicar vicar vicar

From French

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
French
word
French
meaning
Source
word
Source
meaning
Source
Language
Note Ref
akur agree, get along well accord akkoord Dutch
ala in style of à la
angkét inquiry enquête enquête Dutch
apanasē apanage apanage apanage
argot argot, secret language argot argot
arsip archives archives archief Dutch
atasé attaché attaché attaché attaché attaché Dutch
avant-garde avant-garde avant-garde avant-garde avant-garde avant-garde Dutch
brevet certificate, patent brevet certificate, patent
bugénfil bougainvillea bougainville bougainvillea bougainvillea bougainvillea Dutch
bulat round boulette round
chauvinisme chauvinism chauvinisme chauvinism
didong, didon French dis donc!
doblé, dublé gold-plated work doublé to double, duplicate
domisili domicile domicile domicile
drèsoar buffet dressoir dresser, sideboard
entrepeneur entrepreneur entrepreneur entrepreneur entrepreneur entrepreneur English
gala 1. first,
2. festive
galer (Old) to have fun; to enjoy oneself gala ball (formal dance) Dutch
garnisun garrison garnison garrison garnisoen garrison Dutch
guillotine guillotine guillotine guillotine
impromptu improvised action impromptu improvised action
intrik intrigue intrigue intrigue intrige intrigue Dutch
kulot shorts culotte panties, shorts
kado gift cadeau gift cadeau, kado gift Dutch
kampanye campaign campagne campaign campagne campaign Dutch
karantina quarantine quarantine quarantine quarantaine quarantine Dutch
karoseri the body of vehicle, car, coach, or bus carrosserie bodywork, body (of car) carrosserie body, bodywork of a motorized vehicle. Dutch
klise cliche cliché cliche cliché cliche Dutch
kondèktur conductor (ticket-related) conducteur driver conducteur conductor (ticket-related) Dutch
kornet cornet, a brass instrument cornet à pistons cornet, a brass instrument
kudeta coup d'état coup d'état coup d'état
kupe train seat coupé car
legiun legion légion legion legioen legion Dutch
letnan lieutenant lieutenant lieutenant luitenant lieutenant Dutch
libur free (from activities) libre
manuver maneuver manœuvre maneuver manoeuvre maneuver Dutch
mayones mayonnaise mayonnaise mayonnaise
mèmoar memoirs mémoire memoirs
milieu milieu milieu milieu milieu milieu Dutch
monseigneur monsignor monseigneur monsignor monseigneur monsignor Dutch
première premiere première first première premiere Dutch,
English
pual voile voile 1. veil.
2. sail
restan remnant, remainder restant remnant, remainder restant remnant, remainder Dutch
sabotase sabotage sabotage sabotage sabotage sabotage Dutch
sepeda bicycle vélocipède bicycle
supir driver chauffeur driver chauffeur driver Dutch
tante aunt tante aunt
tiras circulation, of newspaper or magazine tirage
trotoar sidewalk trottoir sidewalk troittoir

From English

Many English words are adopted in Indonesian through globalization, due to this however many Indonesians mistake words that were originally adopted from Dutch with English due to the Germanic traces that exist in the two languages (both are Indo-European Germanic languages from the same branch, the West Germanic).

Word Meaning Original word
astronotastronautastronaut
bisnisbusinessbusiness
diskondiscountdiscount
elektronikelectronicelectronic
gaundressgown
gosipgossipgossip
isuissueissue
kateringcatering servicecatering
klaksonhornklaxon (Dutch: claxon)
komputercomputercomputer (Dutch: Computer)
komplitcompletecomplete (Dutch: Compleet)
kondomcondomcondom
kontercountercounter (Germans: konter)
modemmodemmodem
moderenmodernmodern (Dutch: moderne)
partnerpartnerpartner
pilotpilotpilot (Dutch: Piloot)
ponsel / HP read:Ha-Pé (shortened word from Hand Phone)cell phonehand phone (used in Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and South Korea)
pribadipersonalprivate
radarradarradar
roketrocketrocket
sistemsystemsystem (Dutch: Systeem)
stroberistrawberrystrawberry
targettargettarget

From German

There are several words in Indonesian of German origin.[17] German language is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. The three most prevalent West Germanic languages are English, German, and Dutch.

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
German
word
German
meaning
Notes Ref
ablaut apophony ablaut apophony [1]
an sich by itself, per se an sich by itself, per se possible a Dutch loanword. [1]
auf wiedersehen good bye auf wiedersehen good bye lit. until we meet again [1]
Aufklärung Enlightenment Aufklärung Enlightenment The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement which dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 18th century. [1]
Ausdauer endurance Ausdauer constancy, endurance, perseverance, persistence, stamina [1]
Autobahn Autobahn, freeway Autobahn Autobahn, freeway [1]
Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg, a World War II German military tactics Blitzkrieg Blitzkrieg [1]
das Sein existence das Sein existence [1]
das Sollen to be intended das Sollen should Sollen expresses moral duty or the suggestion that something ought to be done. [1]
Deutschland über alles Germany above all else Deutschland über alles Germany above all else [1]
Dichtung und Wahrheit Poetry and Truth Dichtung und Wahrheit Poetry and Truth [1]
Eisen und Blut Blood and Iron Eisen und Blut Blood and Iron [1]
entweder oder choice entweder oder choice Used only in the pair "entweder ... oder", like either-or in English [1]
eforus leader of Batak Christian Protestant Church Ephorus superintendent, metropolitan [1]
firn firn firn firn [1]
Föhn Foehn wind Föhn Foehn wind Föhn or foehn is a type of dry, warm, down-slope wind that occurs in the lee (downwind side) of a mountain range. [1]
Führer Führer, leader Führer Führer, leader [1]
Geheime Staatspolizei Geheime Staatspolizei Geheime Staatspolizei Geheime Staatspolizei The Gestapo, abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei, or the Secret State Police, was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe. [1]
Gestalt A collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic elements that creates a whole, unified concept or pattern which is other than the sum of its parts, due to the relationships between the parts (of a character, personality, entity, or being) Gestalt 1. shape, form,
2. image of some person,
figure, character (person)
[1]
hineininterpretierung subjective interpretation hineininterpretierung subjective interpretation
Hitler-Jugend Hitler Youth Hitler-Jugend Hitler Youth [1]
Kulturkampf Kulturkampf Kulturkampf Kulturkampf Kulturkampf (literally "culture struggle") refers to power struggles between emerging constitutional and democratic nation states and the Roman Catholic Church over the place and role of religion in modern polity, usually in connection with secularization campaigns. [1]
Lebensraum 1. living space, habitat
2. lebensraum
Lebensraum 1. living space, habitat
2. lebensraum
[1]
nazi Nazi Party nazi Nazi Party [1]
orpo Ordnungspolizei Order Police Ordnungspolizei uniformed police force in Nazi Germany between 1936 and 1945. [1]
opelet A sedan car whose seating arrangement is changed and adjusted as a public vehicle Opel Opel [1]
realpolitik realpolitik realpolitik realpolitik [1]
Schutzstaffel Schutzstaffel Schutzstaffel Schutzstaffel [1]
Sitzkrieg Phoney War, warfare without progress, a stalemate Sitzkrieg Phoney War, warfare without progress, a stalemate [1]
snorkel 1. snorkel (swimming gear, breathing tube)
2. submarine snorkel, snort
Schnorchel 1. snorkel (swimming gear, breathing tube)
2. submarine snorkel, snort
[1]
Sturm und Drang Sturm und Drang Sturm und Drang Sturm und Drang [1]
überhaupt at all; anyway; in the first place überhaupt at all; anyway; actually; even
Übermensch Übermensch Übermensch Übermensch 1. (in Nietzschean philosophy) An overman (“higher” man) who has overcome (transcended) his (mere) humanity.
2. (Nazism ideology) A member of the proposed Aryan super race.
[1]
umlaut diaeresis (diacritic) umlaut diaeresis (diacritic) [1]
vopo police VoPo volkspolizei Deutsche Volkspolizei (German People's Police) [1]
Zeitgeist spirit of the age Zeitgeist spirit of the age [1]

From North Germanic

The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages, a sub-family of the Indo-European languages, along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is sometimes referred to as the "Nordic languages", a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish, Swedish, Icelandic and Norwegian scholars and laypeople.

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
North Germanic
word
North Germanic
Language
North Germanic
meaning
Notes Ref
fjord fjord fjord Danish fjord 1. fjord is a long, narrow inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by glacial erosion.
2. borrowing from Dutch fjord, Norwegian fjord, from Old Norse fjǫrðr.
[1]
kjökkenmodding(-er) midden køkkenmødding Danish midden [1]
kjøkkenmødding Norwegian

From Russian

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Russian
word
Russian
Transliteration
Russian
meaning
Note Ref
glasnost glasnost гла́сность glasnost publicity In 1986 the term was used by Mikhail Gorbachev as a political slogan for increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union.
Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopastnosti KGB, Committee for State Security Комитет Государственной Безопасности Komitet Gosudarstvennoj Bezopasnosti KGB, Committee for State Security The KGB, an initialism for Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti, translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.
perestroika perestroika, restructuring of the political and economic system. перестройка perestroika rebuilding
rayon raion, a type of administrative unit район rajón raion, a type of administrative unit The term is a loanword from French rayon (lit. honeycomb, departement, radius).
rubel ruble, a currency unit рубль rublʹ ruble, a currency unit
samovar samovar, a kind of water boiler самовар samovar samovar, a kind of water boiler
sputnik sputnik Спутник spútnik sputnik, a fellow traveler, satellite

From Italian

Indonesian
word
Indonesian
meaning
Italian
word
Italian
meaning
Note
a prima vista at first sight a prima vista at first sight, (music) Sight-read.
a tempo according to original tempo a tempo time, on time, in time
accelerando A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played at an increasing speed. accelerando accelerating
aggiornamento bringing up to date, modernization aggiornamento bringing up to date, modernization
allargando (music) decreasing in tempo; getting slower. allargando to broaden
allegretto (music) should be played rather fast and lively allegretto cheerful
arrivederci farewell, goodbye, see you later arrivederci farewell, goodbye, see you later
campanilla bell tower campanile bell tower
cantabile passage is to be played in a lyrical manner cantabile singable, capable being sung
cavatina an operatic song in slow tempo cavatina an operatic song in slow tempo
(celana) palazo palazzo
che sarà, sarà whatever happens, happens che sarà, sarà whatever happens, happens 1. che sarà, sarà is not a grammatically correct Italian phrase, but rather borrowed from English che sara sara, in turn a popular phrase constructed from Italian words. The grammatically correct Italian phrase is quel che sarà, sarà.
con amore con amore
con dolore con dolore
con molta passione con molta passione
cosa nostra cosa nostra, Sicilian Mafia cosa nostra cosa nostra, Sicilian Mafia; lit. our thing
crescendo An instruction to play gradually more loudly crescendo An instruction to play gradually more loudly
da camera da camera
da capo (musical) from the beginning da capo (musical) from the beginning
da capo al fine (musical) from the beginning to the end da capo al end (musical) from the beginning to the end
decrescendo to play gradually more softly. decrescendo to play gradually more softly.
dolce far niente dolce far niente
fortissimo played very loud. fortissimo played very loud.
ghetto concentrations of other ethnicities and then non-ethnic groups ghetto concentrations of other ethnicities and then non-ethnic groups
il duce the Leader il duce the Leader
incognito without being known; in disguise incognito without being known; in disguise
larghetto Slower than adagio but not as slow as largo; nearly andantino. larghetto Slower than adagio but not as slow as largo; nearly andantino.
lento (music) very slow. lento (music) very slow.
lingua franca lingua franca lingua franca lingua franca (“Frankish language”) Lingua franca is a common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar.
mezzo mezzo
mezzo forte mezzo forte
razia raid razzia raid
vivere pericoloso vivere pericoloso to live dangerously

See also

References

  1. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, Balai Pustaka: 1999, halaman 1185 s.d. 1188 berisikan Pendahuluan buku Senarai Kata Serapan dalam Bahasa Indonesia, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, 1996.
  2. C. D. Grijns et al. (eds). "Loan-words in Indonesian and Malay" (PDF). KITLV. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2012.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  3. Nurlela Adan, Ermitati, Rosnida M. Nur (2001). Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Minangkabau. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. Becoming Indian: The Unfinished Revolution of Culture and Identity by Pavan K. Varma p.125
  5. Indonesian – English, English – Indonesian Dictionary, here: http://www.kamus-online.com/?lang=en
  6. "Onani".
  7. "Definisi onani - Kamus Bahasa Indonesia".
  8. "Pencarian Kata "onani" | KBBI.co.id".
  9. "Bibimbap meaning on KBBI". KBBI Daring. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  10. "Bulgogi meaning on KBBI". KBBI Daring. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  11. "Kimci meaning on KBBI". KBBI Daring. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  12. "Mukbang meaning on KBBI". KBBI Daring. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  13. Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300, 2nd Edition. London: MacMillan. p. 26. ISBN 0-333-57689-6.
  14. Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1990), History of the Filipino People (Eighth ed.), University of the Philippines, ISBN 971-8711-06-6
  15. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. "KOST (UITGAVE, LEVENSONDERHOUD)".
  17. Jones, R. (2008). Loan-words in Indonesian and Malay. Jakarta: KITLV-Jakarta.

Bibliography

  • de Vries, Jan W., Grijns, C.D. and Santa Maria, L. 1983 Indonesian : a check-list of words of European origin in Bahasa Indonesia and traditional Malay Leiden : Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. ISBN 90-6718-004-1.
  • Badudu, J.S; Kamus Kata-kata Serapan Asing Dalam Bahasa Indonesia; Kompas, Jakarta, 2003
  • Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, Balai Pustaka: 1999, halaman 1185 s.d. 1188 berisikan Pendahuluan buku Senarai Kata Serapan dalam Bahasa Indonesia, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, 1996 (dengan sedikit penyaduran tanpa mengubah maksud dan tujuan seseungguhnya dari buku ini).
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