List of GM engines

This list of GM engines encompasses all engines manufactured by General Motors and used in their cars.

Divisions

Until the mid-1970s, most General Motors brands designed and manufactured their own engines with few interchangeable parts between brands.[1] In the mid-1960s, there were 8 separate families of GM V8 engines on sale in the USA.[2]

By the 1970s, GM began to see problems with their approach. For instance, four different North American divisions (Chevrolet, Pontiac, Oldsmobile and Buick) offered four completely different versions of a 350 cu in V8 engine - very few parts would interchange between the four designs despite their visual similarities, resulting in confusion for owners who naturally assumed that replacement parts would be usable across brands. In addition to these issues and the obvious overlap in production costs, the cost of certifying so many different engines for tightening worldwide emissions regulations threatened to become very costly.

Thus, by the early 1980s, GM had consolidated its powertrain engineering efforts into a few distinct lines. Generally, North American and European engineering units remained separate, with Australia's Holden and other global divisions borrowing designs from one or the other as needed. GM also worked out sharing agreements with other manufacturers such as Isuzu and Nissan to fill certain gaps in engineering. Similarly, the company also purchased other automotive firms (including Saab and Daewoo), eventually folding their engine designs into the corporate portfolio as well. GM later reorganized its Powertrain Division into GM Global Propulsion Systems, located in Pontiac, Michigan.[3]

GM's German subsidiary, Opel, relies on a range of three-, four- and six-cylinder gasoline and diesel engines. A survey of their range shows a reliance on petrol and diesel four-cylinders, and in 2014, there was only one 3-cylinder engine and one 6 cylinder engine in service in Opel's passenger car range.

In addition to automobile and truck engines, GM produced industrial engines, which were sold by brands such as Detroit Diesel, Allison, and Electro-Motive. Most of these engine designs are unrelated to GM's automotive engines.

Automotive gasoline engines

Two-cylinder

Three-cylinder
Daewoo M-TEC inline-three engine

Inline-3
GM Family 1 inline-four engine

Four-cylinder
Cadillac inline-four engine
Saab H inline-four engine

Inline-4

Flat-4

Five-cylinder
GM Atlas inline-five engine

Six-cylinder
Chevrolet Stovebolt inline-six engine

Inline-6
Chevrolet Corvair flat-six engine

Flat-6
Buick V6 engine

V6

Eight-cylinder

From the 1950s through the 1970s, each GM division had its own V8 engine family. Today, there are only two families of V8 engines in production for road vehicles: the Generation IV small-block and its Generation V small-block derivative.

Oldsmobile Rocket V8 engine
GM LS V8 engine

Inline-8
Pontiac Silver Streak eight engine

V8
Cadillac Twelve engine

Twelve-cylinder

Sixteen-cylinder

Gasoline-electric hybrid

Automotive diesel engines

Three-cylinder
  • 2020–present

Four-cylinder
  • 1970-1977 Opel 2.1 litre
  • 1975-1981 Opel 2.0 litre
  • 1982-1988 Opel Family II 1.6 liter (16DA/16D)
  • 1982-1993 Opel 2.3 liter (23YD/23YDT/23DTR)[17]
  • 1982-2000 Isuzu E (1.5 and 1.7 liter engines marketed as D or TD for Opel/Isuzu cars)
  • 1990–2014 Isuzu Circle L (marketed as Ecotec DTI, DI or CDTI; acquired via GM's takeover of DMAX)
  • 1996–2005 Opel 2.0 and 2.2 liter SOHC 16V (X20DTL/X20DTH/Y20DTL/Y20DTH/X22DTL/X22DTH/Y22DTL/Y22DTH/Y22DTR) (marketed as "Ecotec DTI" or "Ecotec DI")
  • 2003–present Fiat 1.3 JTD (marketed as Ecotec CDTI or Ecotec depending on brand)
  • 2003-2010 VM Motori RA 420 (marketed as Ecotec 2.0 CDTI or 2.0 VCDi depending on brand)
  • 2004–2009 Fiat 1.9 JTD (marketed as Ecotec 1.9 CDTI or 1.9 TiD/TTiD depending on brand)
  • 2008–present GM Family B "2.0 CDTI"
  • 2011–present Family Z (marketed as "2.0", "2.2 VCDi" or "2.2 CDTI")
  • 2012–present 2.5 and 2.8 litre Duramax[18]
  • 2013–present GM Medium Diesel "1.6 CDTI Ecotec"[19]
  • 2014–present GM Large Diesel "2.0 CDTI Ecotec"[20]

Six-cylinder

Eight-cylinder

Other diesel engines
Detroit Diesel Series 92 engines

GM entered the diesel field with its acquisition of the Cleveland-based Winton Engine Company in 1930. Winton's main client was the Electro Motive Company, a producer of internal combustion-electric rail motorcars. GM acquired Electro Motive at roughly the same time as Winton.

A partnership of GM's Research and Development Division and their Winton Engine Corporation delivered their first diesel engines suitable for mobile use starting in 1934. The engines were also sold for marine and stationary applications. In a 1938 reorganization, Winton Engine Corporation became the GM Cleveland Diesel Engine Division, and GM's Detroit Diesel Engine Division began production of smaller (50–149 cu in (0.8–2.4 l) per cylinder) diesel engines. Locomotive engines were moved under the GM Electro Motive Division (EMD) in 1941, while Cleveland Diesel retained development and production of large marine and stationary engines.

Cleveland Diesel was dissolved in 1962 and their remaining production moved to EMD. In 1988, the Detroit Diesel Engine Division was incorporated as an independent company, later acquired by DaimlerChrysler in 2005. EMD was sold off by GM in 2005 and is now a subsidiary of Progress Rail Services.

Locomotive engines

Marine/stationary diesel engines
  • 1934-1938 Winton 201-A (multi-purpose)
  • 248 (8, 12, 16 cylinder)
  • 258 (12 cylinder, 4 stroke, direct reversing)
  • 258S (16 cylinder, 4 stroke, turbocharged, direct reversing)
  • 268 (3, 4, 6, 8 cylinder)
  • 268A (3, 4, 6, 8 cylinder)
  • 268A NM (8 cylinder)
  • 278 (6, 8, 12, 16 cylinder)
  • 278A (6, 8, 12, 16 cylinder)
  • 278A NM (8, 12 cylinder)
  • 241 (6 cylinder - 4 stroke)
  • 288 (12 cylinder, direct reversing)
  • 338 (16 cylinder, vertical radial)
  • 498 (8, 12, 16 cylinder)
  • 498 NM (8 cylinder)
  • 358H (16 cylinder, horizontal radial)

Heavy and off-road diesel engines

Aircraft engines

Piston

Propfan

1987-1989 *Allison 578-DX

Turboprop

Turboshaft

Turbojet

See also

References
  1. "Olds FAQ - Engines". 442.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  2. "Class of 1965: When GM Had Eight V8 Engine Families". The Truth About Cars. 2010-12-18. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  3. GM Global Propulsion Systems
  4. e (2007-06-05). "HowStuffWorks "How Buick Works"". Auto.howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  5. "Pontiac Buggy Company | Pontiac Spring & Wagon Works | Oakland Motor Car | Pontiac |". My1955.com. 1941-03-01. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  6. Archived August 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  7. "1906, Buick Goes Four-Cylinder - Generations of GM". History.gmheritagecenter.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  8. "Buick Pre 1930 General Specs".
  9. "Buick Pre 1930 General Specs".
  10. "1922 Buick 22-35 specifications, information, data, photos 44759". Carfolio.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  11. "1909 Oakland Model 40". Conceptcarz.com. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  12. "customs-n-classics.dk". customs-n-classics.dk. Archived from the original on 2013-05-29. Retrieved 2014-02-16.
  13. http://media.gm.com/media/de/de/opel/company_opel/Werke/Kaiserslautern.html. Retrieved 23 May 2014. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. "Holden stops Family II engine Production". ZerCustoms. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  15. . http://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/GM_do_Brasil_Milestones:_1980_-_1989. Missing or empty |title= (help); External link in |publisher= (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
  16. "Werk Aspern Plant. Facts and Figures". Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  17. "1988 Opel Omega A 2.3 TD Specs". media.opel.de. 2011-10-15. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
  18. "New Diesels Power Chevy's Global Midsize Trucks". media.opel.de. 2011-10-15. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
  19. "New 1.6-liter diesel engine continues powertrain renewal at Opel". media.opel.de. 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
  20. "All-new Opel 2.0 CDTI: New Generation Large Diesel Debuts in Paris". media.opel.de. 2014-09-10. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
General Motors automotive engine timeline, 1980 to present
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Gasoline Flat 4 EJ
Inline OHV Ecotec
Iron Duke Family 0
CIH H AZ
G Quad 4 ZZ ZR
Slant-4 A S-TEC
Starfire Saturn Atlas MGE
Family II SGE
Family 1
122 L3B
X G
J
5 Atlas
3 G S-TEC
Family 0
SGE
E-Turbo
6 Chevrolet
Red Blue Black RB30 Atlas
CIH E-TEC
V Buick
90°
60°
54° High Feature
H J
Shortstar High Value Ecotec3
16 16
8 Rocket Northstar Blackwing
Pontiac High Technology
Big Block
Holden
Cadillac LS
Small Block
Diesel Detroit Duramax
Oldsmobile
6 Oldsmobile DMAX
Inline M51 Duramax
Detroit 60
4 JTD
RA Family Z
E Circle L
Family II Family B
A
MDE
6H
  • non-GM engines used in
  • GM vehicles italicized
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s

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