List of commanders of the British 2nd Division

The 2nd Division was an infantry division of the British Army, which was formed numerous times over a 203-year period. The commander, the General officer commanding (GOC), would receive orders from a level above him in the chain of command, and then use the forces within the division to undertake the mission assigned. In addition to directing the tactical battle the division was involved in, the GOC oversaw a staff and was ultimately responsible for the administrative, logistical, medical, training, and disciple of the division.[1]

2nd Division
2nd Infantry Division
2nd Armoured Division
A portait of the division's first General officer commanding, Roland Hill, by George Dawe.
ActiveRaised and disbanded numerous times between 1809 and 2012
Country United Kingdom
Branch British Army
EngagementsNapoleonic Wars
Crimean War
Second Boer War
First World War
Second World War

Prior to 1809, the British Army did not use divisional formations. As the British military grew in size during the Napoleonic Wars, the need arose for such an implementation in order to better organise forces for administrative, logistical, and tactical reasons. The 2nd Division was formed on 18 June 1809 by Lieutenant-General Arthur Wellesley for these reasons and service in the Peninsula War (part of the Napoleonic Wars).[1] After Peninsula War ended in 1814, the division was disbanded only to be re-raised the following year when the War of the Seventh Coalition broke-out.[2][3] The division fought at the Battle of Waterloo, and included a pivot role in the defeat of the final French attack of the day.[4][5] In December 1818, the division was disbanded once again.[6][7]

During the mid to late 19th Century, several formations bore the name '2nd Division'. The ones that fought in the Crimean War and the Second Boer War were considered to be part of the same lineage as the two that fought in the Napoleonic Wars, by Everard Wyrall; the compiled of the 2nd Division's First World War official history.[8] Reformed in 1854, the division fought in the Crimean War against the Russian Empire.[9] It served throughout the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855), and notably had an critical role in the Battle of Inkerman.[10] In 1856, after the conclusion of hostilities, it was stood-down.[11] A new 2nd Division was mobilised in 1899, for action in the Second Boer War.[12] It took part in all the notable battles of the Relief of Ladysmith, and was then broken-up at the end of 1900 when conventional warfare ended. This allowed the division's personnel to be reassigned to mobile columns or to garrison towns, in an effort to combat the guerrilla tactics that the Boers employed.[13][14]

In 1902, the division was reformed as a permanent formation. It was based at Aldershot, in southern England, prior to the First World War and during the inter-war period.[15][16] In 1914, the division deployed to France shortly after the war started as part of the British Expeditionary Force. It served on the Western Front between 1914 and 1918.[17][18] During the Second World War, the division was again deployed to France in the opening stages of the war. In the subsequent Battle of France, it was forced to evacuate back to England. In 1942, it was transported to India, and subsequently fought in Burma in 1944 and 1945.[19] In the post-war years, it formed part of the British Army of the Rhine in Germany. In was temporarily transformed into an armoured division, before being disbanded at the end of 1982. It was then reformed in York, England, in 1983.[20][21][22] In the 1990s, the division was again disbanded and re-raised, before it was disbanded for the final time in 2012.[23][24][25]

General officer commanding
See also: General officer commanding
Appointed Rank General officer commanding Notes Sources
18 June 1809 Major-General Rowland Hill The division was formed in for the first time, during the Peninsula War, from troops based in Portugal. [26]
20 June 1810 Major-General James Leith Leith was scheduled to take command of the division on this date, but never actually did. Instead, he was given command of the nucleus of the 5th Division. [27]
8 August 1810 (acting) and 29 November 1810 (formally) Major-General William Stewart Became acting commander of the division, before formally taking command once Hill was stricken with fever. [28][29]
Late May 1811 Major-General Rowland Hill Once Hill recovered from his period of sickness, he returned and retook command of the division. [30][31]
1812 Major-General Christopher Tilson-Chowne Acting commander. Alternatively known as Christopher Tilson and Christopher Chowne. [27][32]
1812/1813 Major-General William Stewart Returned to the peninsula in late 1812, following injury at the Battle of Albuera. At the division's next battle, the Battle of Maya in July 1813, Stewart was again in command. He was also wounded in this battle. At the conclusion of the Peninsula War, in 1814, the division was disbanded in France. [27][33][34]
11 April 1815 Lieutenant-General Henry Clinton The division was reformed on this date from troops based in the Southern Netherlands. Clinton led the division from its inception through the Battle of Waterloo, and as part of the Army of Occupation afterwards. He held command until the division was disbanded in France, during December 1818. [35]
20 June 1854 Lieutenant-General George de Lacy Evans The division was formed in Varna, Ottoman Bulgaria, from British troops who had been assembled, and had prepared to move to the Crimean peninsular during the Crimean War. [36][37]
Late 1854 Major-General John Pennefather Acting commander of the division, after de Lacy Evans had been injured, and commanded the division at the Battle of Inkerman. [38]
23 January 1855 Lieutenant-General John Pennefather [39]
Early 1855 Major-General Unknown An unknown acting commander while Pennefather was sick [40]
March 1855 Lieutenant-General John Pennefather [40]
19 July 1855 Lieutenant-General Edwin Markham At the end of the war, the division was disbanded in Crimea. [41][42]
9 October 1899 Lieutenant-General Francis Clery A new 2nd Division was formed in England, and then moved to southern Africa to fight in the Second Boer War. Clery was a major-general when the division was mobolised, but given the temporary rank of Lieutenant-General once in Africa. The division was broken up at the end of 1900, while still in southern Africa. [43][44]
February 1900 Major-General Neville Lyttelton Temporary commander, while Clery was ill. [45]
1 April 1902 Major-General Charles Douglas This marked the first time the 2nd Division was formed as a permanent formation, and not as raised on an ad hoc basis for a particular war. [46][47]
12 February 1904 Brigadier-General Unknown An unknown acting commander between appointments [48]
1 March 1904 Major-General Bruce Hamilton Hamilton was also the commander of the 3rd Brigade, until 2 May 1904. [49]
12 February 1907 Brigadier-General Unknown An unknown acting commander between appointments [50]
12 May 1907 Major-General Theodore Stephenson [51]
1 February 1910 Major-General Henry Lawson [52]
1 February 1914 Major-General Archibald Murray [53]
5 August 1914 Major-General Charles Monro The division was dispatched to France on the outbreak of the First World War [54]
26 December 1914 Brigadier-General Robert Fanshawe Acting commander [54]
1 January 1915 Major-General Henry Horne [54]
5 November 1915 Major-General William Walker [54]
27 December 1916 Major-General Cecil Pereira Pereira held command for the duration of the war. In 1919, the division entered Germany. It was then renamed, and ceased to exist on 17 February 1919. [54][55]
28 June 1919 Major-General Richard Butler The 2nd Division was reformed in England on this date [56][57]
3 April 1923 Major-General Peter Strickland [58]
1 October 1926 Major-General Edmund Ironside [59]
26 October 1928 Major-General Thomas Cubitt Cubitt was promoted to Lieutenant-General during his tenure as division commander. [60]
11 March 1931 Major-General Henry Jackson [61]
11 March 1935 Major-General Archibald Wavell [62]
19 August 1937 Major-General Henry Wilson [63]
15 June 1939 Major-General Charles Loyd The division was now known as the 2nd Infantry Division. On the outbreak of the Second World War, the division was dispatched to France. [64][65]
16 May 1940 Brigadier Francis Davidson Acting commander [66]
20 May 1940 Major-General Noel Irwin During Irwin's tenure, the division was evacuated from France and returned to England [65]
12 August 1940 Brigadier C.B. Findlay Acting commander [66]
15 August 1940 Brigadier G.I. Gartlan Acting commander [66]
18 September 1940 Major-General Daril Watson [66]
11 October 1941 Major-General John Grover In April 1942, the division was dispatched to British India [65]
8 July 1944 Major-General Cameron Nicholson [66]
15 August 1944 Brigadier Michael West Acting commander [66]
23 August 1944 Major-General Cameron Nicholson [66]
26 August 1944 Brigadier H.S.J. Bourke Acting commander [66]
10 September 1944 Major-General Cameron Nicholson [66]
13 September 1944 Brigadier H.S.J. Bourke Acting commander [66]
24 September 1944 Major-General Cameron Nicholson The division fought in the Burma campaign of 1944–45 [65]
1 June 1945 Brigadier H.S.J. Bourke Acting commander [66]
12 July 1945 Major-General Cameron Nicholson [47][66]
1946 Major-General Robert Arkwright [67]
October 1946 Major-General John Churcher After the conclusion of hostilities, the division absorbed the 36th Infantry Division. The division then moved to Malaya, and was disbanded in 1946. [68][69]
February 1947 Major-General Philip Balfour The division was reformed in Germany, by the re-designation of the 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division. Balfour, who had been the GOC of the 53rd, retained his position. [47][70][71]
1949 Major-General Colin Callander [72][73]
26 April 1951 Brigadier Unknown An unknown acting commander between appointments [74]
2 July 1951 Major-General Basil Coad [75]
5 October 1954 Major-General John Harold Owen Wilsey [76]
1 May 1956 Major-General Cosmo Nevill [77]
16 April 1958 Major-General William Stirling The formation was now known as 2nd Division [78]
8 February 1960 Major-General Edward Alexander Wilmot Williams [79]
20 February 1962 Major-General Mervyn Butler [80]
4 March 1964 Major-General Norman Wheeler [81]
28 March 1966 Major-General John Sharp [82]
1 December 1967 Brigadier Unknown An unknown acting commander between appointments [82]
1 January 1968 Major-General Chandos Blair [83]
15 March 1970 Major-General Rollo Pain [84]
15 March 1972 Major-General John Archer [85]
25 February 1974 Major-General Desmond Mangham [86]
22 January 1976 Major-General Frank Kitson Kitson took command of the division prior to and led it during its reorganisation into the 2nd Armoured Division [87][88]
28 February 1978 Major-General Alexander Boswell [89]
12 March 1980 Major-General Martin Farndale Final commander of the 2nd Armoured Division. The division was disbanded in Germany at the end of 1983. [90][91]
1 January 1983 Major-General Patrick Palmer The 2nd Infantry Division was reformed in England on this date. Palmer was made GOC North East District, in conjunction with commanding the division. [92]
12 January 1984 Major-General Peter Inge Also the GOC North East District [93]
18 January 1988 Major-General Charles Guthrie Also the GOC North East District [94]
13 November 1987 Major-General Murray Naylor Also the GOC North East District [95]
30 October 1989 Major-General Michael Rose Also the GOC North East District [96]
30 September 1991 Major-General Michael Walker Also the GOC North East District. Walker was the final GOC of the 2nd Infantry Division, before it was disbanded in early 1992 as part of the 1990s Options for Change. [97][98]
1994 Major-General Patrick Cordingley Cordingley became GOC Eastern District on 23 November 1992. The 2nd division was refounded in 1994. [23][24][99][100]
1 July 1996 Major-General Dair Farrar-Hockley [101]
14 May 1999 Major General Robert Gordon The marks the first occasion of the hyphen no longer being used, in the The London Gazette, for ranks. [102]
18 November 2002 Major General Nick Parker [103]
1 March 2004 Major General Euan Loudon [104]
22 January 2007 Major General David McDowall [105]
29 May 2009 Major General Andrew Mackay Resigned from position, in protest to the then ongoing operations in Afghanistan. [106][107]
26 October 2009 Major General David Shaw [108]
4 January 2012 Major General Nick Eeles The division was disbanded in April 2012, as part of an army restructure. [25][109]

See also

Notes
  1. Haythornthwaite 2016, The Divisional System.
  2. Oman 1930, pp. 496 and 513.
  3. Glover 2015, pp. 35–46.
  4. Siborne 1900, pp. 473, 529, 531–536.
  5. Glover 2014, pp. 189–191.
  6. Siborne 1900, pp. 659, 683, 688, 696, 704, 716, 732, 748.
  7. Glover 2015, pp. 199–200.
  8. Wyrall 1921a, pp. xi–xii.
  9. Barthorp 1980, p. 155; Bowden 1991, p. 16; Ponting 2006, p. 7.
  10. Warner 2001, pp. 75–79, 150–152; Ffrench Blake 2006, pp. 86–94, 98–101; Raugh 2004, p. 187; Richards 2006, p. 152.
  11. Ffrench Blake 2006, pp. 143–144, 150–151; Demchak 2011, p. 127.
  12. Dunlop 1938, p. 72.
  13. Conan Doyle 1901, pp. 190–192, 254–255, 267–276, 284–285, 289, 291–294.
  14. Creswicke 1901, pp. 98, 138.
  15. Dunlop 1938, pp. 218–219, 245.
  16. "War Office, Monthly Army List, December 1920". War Office. 1920. p. 62. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  17. Wyrall 1921a, Contents.
  18. Wyrall 1921b, Contents.
  19. Joslen 2003, p. 40.
  20. Isby 1988, p. 336.
  21. Kneen & Sutton 1996, p. 183.
  22. Blaker, Peter (1981). "1(BR) Corps, Written Answers (Commons), HC Deb 20 July 1981 vol 9 cc57-8W". House of Commons Library: Historic Hansard. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  23. "Cordingley, Patrick Anthony John (Oral History)". Imperial War Museum. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  24. Vox Militaris 1995, p. 155.
  25. Taylor 2011, p. 5.
  26. Reid 2004, p. 40.
  27. Reid 2004, p. 41.
  28. Reid 2004, p. 42.
  29. Oman 1911, p. 5.
  30. Oman 1911, p. 416.
  31. Reid 2004, p. 43.
  32. Oman 1914, p. 323.
  33. Oman 1922, pp. 226 and 626.
  34. Oman 1930, p. 513.
  35. Glover 2015, pp. 11–22, 31, 199–200.
  36. Barthorp 1980, p. 155.
  37. "No. 21564". The London Gazette. 22 June 1854. p. 1932.
  38. Ffrench Blake 2006, p. 82.
  39. "No. 21653". The London Gazette. 23 January 1855. p. 251.
  40. "No. 21681". The London Gazette. 22 March 1855. p. 1173.
  41. "No. 21755". The London Gazette. 1 August 1855. p. 2943.
  42. Demchak 2011, p. 127.
  43. Creswicke 1900, pp. 52, 66, 136, 160, Chart of Staff Appointments Made at the Commencement of the War; Creswicke 1901, pp. 98, 138; Dunlop 1938, p. 72.
  44. "No. 27126". The London Gazette. 13 October 1899. p. 6179. and "No. 27282". The London Gazette. 8 February 1901. p. 974.
  45. "No. 27282". The London Gazette. 8 February 1901. p. 937. and "No. 27282". The London Gazette. 8 February 1901. p. 974.
  46. "No. 27434". The London Gazette. 6 May 1902. p. 3254., "No. 27442". The London Gazette. 13 June 1902. p. 3900., and "No. 27646". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 February 1904. p. 1011.
  47. Lord & Watson 2003, p. 28.
  48. "No. 27646". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 February 1904. p. 1011. and "No. 27659". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 March 1904. p. 1792.
  49. "No. 27659". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 March 1904. p. 1792. and "No. 27676". The London Gazette. 13 May 1904. p. 3083.
  50. "No. 27994". The London Gazette. 12 February 1907. p. 966. and "No. 28024". The London Gazette. 24 May 1907. p. 3593.
  51. "No. 28024". The London Gazette. 24 May 1907. p. 3593.
  52. "No. 28337". The London Gazette. 8 February 1910. p. 949.
  53. "No. 28799". The London Gazette. 6 February 1914. p. 983. and "No. 28873". The London Gazette. 18 August 1914. p. 6499.
  54. Becke 2007, p. 41.
  55. Wyrall 1921b, p. 695.
  56. "War Office, Monthly Army List, May 1921". War Office. 1921. p. 30. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  57. "No. 32811". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 July 1919. p. 31464. and "No. 32811". The London Gazette. 3 April 1923. p. 2512.
  58. "War Office, Monthly Army List, January 1926". War Office. 1926. p. 20. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  59. "No. 33212". The London Gazette. 19 October 1926. p. 6688.
  60. "No. 33435". The London Gazette. 2 November 1928. p. 7125., and "No. 33697". The London Gazette. 10 March 1931. p. 1645.
  61. "No. 33700". The London Gazette. 20 March 1931. p. 1896. and "No. 34141". The London Gazette. 12 March 1935. p. 1730.
  62. "No. 34143". The London Gazette. 19 March 1935. p. 1905.
  63. "No. 34430". The London Gazette. 27 August 1937. p. 5439. and "No. 34639". The London Gazette. 23 June 1939. p. 4244.
  64. "No. 34637". The London Gazette. 20 June 1939. p. 4153.
  65. Joslen 2003, pp. 39–40.
  66. Joslen 2003, p. 39.
  67. WW 1968, p. 85.
  68. Messenger 1994, p. 155; Lord & Watson 2003, p. 27; Luto 2013, pp. 8–9.
  69. "Army Notes". Royal United Services Institution. 91:564 (564): 609. 1946. doi:10.1080/03071844609433982.
  70. "Army Notes". Royal United Services Institution. 92:565 (565): 143. 1946. doi:10.1080/03071844709423998.
  71. "Balfour, Philip". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
  72. "No. 39221". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 May 1951. p. 2575.
  73. "Colin Callander". Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  74. "No. 39221". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 May 1951. p. 2575. and "No. 39291". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 July 1951. p. 3981.
  75. "No. 39291". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 July 1951. p. 3981. and "No. 40292". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 October 1954. p. 5629.
  76. "No. 40295". The London Gazette (Supplement). 8 October 1954. p. 5691.
  77. "No. 40766". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 April 1956. p. 2543.
  78. "No. 41365". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 April 1958. p. 2453.
  79. "No. 41949". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 February 1960. p. 1005.
  80. "No. 42601". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 February 1962. p. 1465.
  81. "No. 43259". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 February 1964. p. 1971.
  82. "No. 43935". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 March 1966. p. 3513., "No. 44493". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1967. p. 73., and "No. 44493". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1967. p. 74.
  83. "No. 44493". The London Gazette (Supplement). 29 December 1967. p. 74.
  84. "No. 45060". The London Gazette (Supplement). 13 March 1970. p. 3119.
  85. "No. 45626". The London Gazette (Supplement). 20 March 1972. p. 3440.
  86. "No. 46218". The London Gazette (Supplement). 25 February 1974. p. 2553.
  87. Isby 1988, p. 332.
  88. "No. 46807". The London Gazette (Supplement). 26 January 1976. p. 1289.
  89. "No. 47474". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 February 1978. p. 2580.
  90. "No. 48130". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 March 1980. p. 4156. and "No. 49237". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 January 1983. p. 749.
  91. Blaker, Peter (1981). "1(BR) Corps, Written Answers (Commons), HC Deb 20 July 1981 vol 9 cc57-8W". House of Commons Library: Historic Hansard. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  92. "No. 49237". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 January 1983. p. 749.
  93. "No. 49625". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 January 1984. p. 1045.
  94. "No. 50426". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 February 1986. p. 1965.
  95. "No. 51121". The London Gazette (Supplement). 16 November 1987. p. 14140.
  96. "No. 51919". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 October 1989. p. 12507. and "No. 52691". The London Gazette (Supplement). 21 October 1991. p. 16034.
  97. "No. 52697". The London Gazette (Supplement). 28 October 1991. p. 16455. and "No. 52885". The London Gazette (Supplement). 6 April 1992. p. 6175.
  98. Tanner 2014, p. 13.
  99. "No. 53115". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 November 1992. p. 19795.
  100. Kohima Museum. "The 2nd Division". Kohima Museum. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  101. "No. 54453". The London Gazette. 1 July 1996. p. 8911.
  102. "No. 55488". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 May 1999. p. 5471.
  103. "No. 56784". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 December 2002. p. 15275.
  104. "No. 57246". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 March 2004. p. 4059.
  105. "No. 58226". The London Gazette (Supplement). 23 January 2007. p. 889.
  106. "No. 59077". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 June 2009. p. 9348.
  107. Norton-Taylor, Richard (24 September 2009), "Army chief quits suddenly as protests over troops mount", The Guardian, London, United Kingdom
  108. "No. 59249". The London Gazette (Supplement). 24 November 2009. p. 20321.
  109. "No. 60025". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 January 2012. p. 286.

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