32nd Division (United Kingdom)

The 32nd Division was an infantry division of the British Army that was raised in 1914, during the First World War. The division was raised from volunteers for Lord Kitchener's New Armies, made up of infantry 'Pals battalions' and artillery brigades raised by public subscription or private patronage. The division was taken over by the War Office in September 1915. It served in France and Belgium in the trenches of the Western Front for the duration of the war. It saw action at the Battle of the Somme, the Pursuit to the Hindenburg Line, the Defence of Nieuport, the German Spring Offensive, and the Allied Hundred Days Offensive beginning at the Battle of Amiens. After the Armistice it marched into Germany as part of the Army of Occupation.

32nd Division
Active1915–1919
Country United Kingdom
Branch British Army
TypeInfantry
SizeDivision
Engagements
Battle of the Somme
Pursuit to the Hindenburg Line
Defence of Nieuport
German Spring Offensive
Allied Hundred Days Offensive
Commanders
Notable
commanders		Maj-Gen Reginald Barnes
Maj-Gen Cameron Shute

Formation history

The Division was one of those created for Kitchener's Fifth New Army ('K5') on 10 December 1914 and was originally numbered 38th until the six K4 divisions were converted into reserve units. It landed in France in November 1915.[1][2][3] Major-General Reginald Barnes took command of the division for a short while in November 1916 before being replaced by the controversial Maj-Gen Cameron Shute.[1][4][5]

The division's insignia was four 'eights' arranged in an 'X' shape.

Order of Battle

The following units and formations served with the division during the war:[1][3]

Brigadier-General Frederick Lumsden, VC, killed in action 4 June 1918 while in command of 14th Brigade; posthumous portrait by H. Donald Smith.
14th Brigade

The brigade joined from the 5th Division in December 1915, swapping with the 95th Brigade.

95th Brigade

The brigade transferred to the 5th Division on 26 December 1915, swapping with the 14th Brigade.

96th Brigade
  • 16th (Service) Battalion, (Newcastle), Northumberland Fusiliers (disbanded February 1916)[6]
  • 15th (Service) Battalion (1st Salford), Lancashire Fusiliers
  • 16th (Service) Battalion (2nd Salford), Lancashire Fusiliers
  • 19th (Service) Battalion (3rd Salford), Lancashire Fusiliers (transferred to 14th Brigade 5 January 1916)
  • 2nd Battalion, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers (joined January 1916 left February 1918)
  • 2nd Battalion, Manchester Regiment (transferred from 14th Brigade February 1918)
  • 96th Machine Gun Company (joined 15 March 1916, moved to 32nd Battalion M.G.C. 21 February 1918)
  • 96th Trench Mortar Battery (joined March 1916)
97th Brigade
  • 11th (Service) Battalion (Lonsdale), Border Regiment (left May 1918)
  • 15th (Service) Battalion (1st Glasgow), Highland Light Infantry (transferred to 14th Brigade January 1916)
  • 16th (Service) Battalion (2nd Glasgow), Highland Light Infantry (transferred to Divisional Pioneers February 1918)
  • 17th (Service) Battalion (3rd Glasgow), Highland Light Infantry (disbanded February 1918)
  • 2nd Battalion, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry (joined December 1915)
  • 10th (Service) Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (joined February 1918)
  • 1/5th (Cumberland) Battalion, Border Regiment (joined May 1918)
  • 97th Machine Gun Company (joined 15 March 1916, moved to 32nd Battalion M.G.C. 21 February 1918)
  • 97th Trench Mortar Battery (joined March 1916)
Mounted Troops
Pioneers
  • 17th (Service) Battalion (North Eastern Railway Pioneers), Northumberland Fusiliers (joined as Divisional Pioneer Battalion June 1915, left October 1916, returned September 1917, finally left November 1917 )
  • 1/12th T.F. Battalion, Loyal North Lancashire Regiment (joined as Divisional Pioneer Battalion November 1916, left January 1917)
  • 16th (Service) Battalion (Glasgow Boys Brigade), Highland Light Infantry (joined as Divisional Pioneer Battalion February 1918)
Machine Gun Corps
  • 219th Machine Gun Company (joined 25 March 1917, moved to 32nd Battalion M.G.C. 21 February 1918)
  • 32nd Battalion M.G.C. (formed 21 February 1918 absorbing brigade MG companies)
Royal Artillery

2nd County Palatine Artillery Originally raised in Lancashire for 32nd Division by the Earl of Derby[7] but did not accompany the division to France in November 1915. Later joined 31st Division.

  • CLXV (2nd County Palatine) Brigade, Royal Field Artillery (RFA)
  • CLXIX (2nd County Palatine) Brigade, RFA
  • CLXX (2nd County Palatine) Brigade, RFA
  • CLXXI (2nd County Palatine) Howitzer Brigade, RFA
  • 133rd (2nd County Palatine) Heavy Battery and Ammunition Column, Royal Garrison Artillery
  • 30th (2nd County Palatine) Divisional Ammunition Column, RFA

53rd (Welsh) Divisional Artillery Attached to 32nd Division in France between 22 November and 27 December 1915, later rejoining 53rd (Welsh) Division in Egypt

32nd Divisional Artillery Transferred from 31st Division, joining in France between 30 December 1915 and 3 January 1916

Royal Engineers
  • 206th (Glasgow) Field Company
  • 218th (Glasgow) Field Company
  • 219th (Glasgow) Field Company
  • 32nd Divisional Signals Company
Royal Army Medical Corps
  • 96th Field Ambulance (left November 1915)
  • 97th Field Ambulance (left November 1915)
  • 98th Field Ambulance (left November 1915)
  • 90th Field Ambulance (joined November 1915)
  • 91st Field Ambulance (joined November 1915)
  • 92nd Field Ambulance (joined November 1915)
  • 72nd Sanitary Section (left 17 April 1917)
Army Service Corps
  • 32nd Divisional Train Army Service Corps (A.S.C.)
    • 221st, 222nd, 223rd and 224th Companies A.S.C. (remained in England in November 1915)
    • 202nd, 203rd, 204th and 205th Companies A.S.C. (joined in France)
  • 42nd Mobile Veterinary Section Army Veterinary Corps
  • 229th Divisional Employment Company (joined 25 March 1917)

Service

The division was engaged in the following major actions:[1][3][4][11]

1916

1917

1918

Postwar

32nd Division was occupying Avesnes when the Armistice with Germany came into effect on 11 November. Two days later it was informed that it would take part in the advance to the Rhine, which began on 19 November. However, the division was halted on the Meuse between Dinant and Namur, to act as reserve for the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). On 28 January 1919 the division began entraining for Bonn and on 3 February it took over the southern sector of the Cologne bridgehead while demobilisation of individuals continued. On 15 March the division was renamed the Lancashire Division in BAOR, and war-raised units were progressively replaced by Regulars during 1919. During the war the division lost 34,226 killed, wounded and missing.[1][11]

Maj-Gen (later Gen Sir) Cameron Shute.

General Officers commanding

The following served as General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the division during the war:[1][4]

  • Maj-Gen William Henry Rycroft, 29 June 1915 to 22 November 1916
  • Maj-Gen Reginald Barnes, 22 November 1916; sick 9–16 and 29 January 1917
  • Brig-Gen James Tyler, Commander Royal Artillery (CRA), acting 9–16 January and 29 January–19 February 1917
  • Maj-Gen Cameron Shute, 19 February to 24 May 1917 and 20 June 1917 to 27 April 1918
  • Maj-Gen Hon Richard Montagu-Stuart-Wortley, temporary 24 May to 20 June 1917
  • Brig-Gen James Tyler, CRA, acting 27 April 1918
  • Maj-Gen J. Campbell, 27 April to 6 May 1918
  • Brig-Gen Frederick Lumsden, VC, GOC 14th Bde, acting 6 May 1918
  • Maj-Gen R.J. Bridgford, 7 to 31 May 1918
  • Maj-Gen Thomas Stanton Lambert, 31 May 1918 to 1919

See also

Notes
  1. Becke, Pt 3b, pp. 21–9.
  2. Becke, Pt 3b, Appendix 2.
  3. Baker, Chris. "32nd Division". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  4. Mitchell.
  5. "Reginald Walter Ralph Barnes". Anglo-Boer War. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
  6. Baker, Chris. "Northumberland Fusiliers". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  7. War Office Instructions July 1915, Appendix VI.
  8. A.B. Scott, 'Diary', in Whinyates, p. 20.
  9. J.E. Prince, 'Reminiscences of "Tock-Emma" Days', in Whinyates, pp. 661–72.
  10. S.A. Cooper, 'Memories of V and W Batteries', in Whinyates, pp. 673–5.
  11. Becke, Pt 4, pp. 190–1.

References
  • Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3b: New Army Divisions (30–41) and 63rd (R.N.) Division, London: HM Stationery Office, 1939/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-41-X.
  • Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 4: The Army Council, GHQs, Armies, and Corps 1914–1918, London: HM Stationery Office, 1944/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-43-6.
  • Stuart Bruce Taylor Mitchell, An Inter-Disciplinary Study of Learning in the 32nd Division on the Western Front, 1916–1918, University of Birmingham PhD thesis, 2013.
  • Instructions Issued by The War Office During July, 1915, London: HM Stationery Office.
  • R. Whinyates (ed), Artillery and Trench Mortar Memories: 32nd Division, 32nd Divisional (RA) Trench Mortar Association, 1932/Uckfield: Naval and Military Press, 2004, ISBN 1-843429-77-2.
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