List of equipment of the Vietnam People's Ground Forces

During the First Indochina War (1946 –1954), Vietnam War (1955–1975), Cambodian–Vietnamese War (1977–1989), Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) and the Sino-Vietnamese conflicts 1979– 1991 (1979–1991), the Vietnam People's Ground Force relied almost entirely on Soviet-derived weapons and equipment systems. With the end of the Cold War in 1992 Soviet military equipment subsidies ended and Vietnam began the use of hard currency and barter to buy weapons and equipment.

Vietnam People's Army
Ministry of Defence
Command
General Staff
Services
Ground Force
Air Force
Navy
Border Guard
Coast Guard
Ranks of the Vietnamese Military
Ground Force ranks and insignia
Air Force ranks and insignia
Navy ranks and insignia
Border Guard ranks and insignia
Coast Guard ranks and insignia
History of the Vietnamese Military
History of Vietnamese military ranks
Military history of Vietnam
Vietnamese Army troops on Spratly Island. (2009)

Vietnam prioritises economic development and growth while maintaining defense spending. The government does not conduct procurement phases or major upgrades of weapons. From the end of the 1990s the Government of Vietnam has announced the acquisition of a number of strategic systems equipped with modern weapons. Accordingly, Vietnam has been slow to develop naval and air forces to control shallow waters and its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Currently most defence procurement programs focus on remedying this priority. For example, Vietnam has purchased a number of combat aircraft and warships with the capability to operate in high seas. Vietnam also plans to develop its defence industry, with priority placed on the Navy, combined with assistance from its former communist allies, India, and Japan.[1][2][3]

Since 2015, Vietnam has begun exploring purchases of U.S. and European weapons while facing numerous political, historical, and financial barriers, as they cannot continue to rely on Soviet and Chinese weapons especially due to the increasing tensions in the South China Sea dispute.[4]

Uniform Equipment
Name Image Type Origin Notes
Helmets
Type A2 Helmet Combat helmet  Vietnam Standard issue – plastic replica of PASGT helmets used for training exercises and combat drill
Vietnamese pith helmet Helmet  Vietnam Standard issue, used as training cover.
SSh-68 Combat helmet  Soviet Union Limited use.
SSh-40 Combat helmet  Soviet Union Limited use.
PASGT Helmet Combat helmet  United States
 Vietnam		 Limited use with Special Forces, Border Guards, and the Navy. They are gradually replacing older helmets in all branches of the Army. Most helmets are a Vietnamese-made version of the PASGT Helmet. Earlier models were imported from Israel.[5][6]
M1 Helmet Combat helmet  United States Limited use.
Type High Cut Helmet Combat helmet  United States Limited use.
Body Equipment
Body Armour Body Armour  Vietnam Limited use. Manufactured locally. NIJ level III[7]
Camouflage Patterns
K-07 Woodland Camouflage pattern  Vietnam Replaced as the standard camo for ground forces by the K-17 Woodland. There are multiple variants of this Woodland camo in terms of slight differences in colors. Commonly used on training fatigues. [8][9]
K-17 Woodland Camouflage pattern  Vietnam Standard camo for ground forces. Similar to the K-07 version, there are also multiple variants for the other branches of the military.[10][11]
K-17 Multi-Terrain Camouflage pattern  Vietnam Used by Vietnamese forces deployed in arid and desert environment. Based on Multicam color schemes. Seen latest on troops undergoing peacekeeping missions in South Sudan with the United Nations.
Modified Duck Hunter Pattern Camouflage pattern  Vietnam Used by the Vietnamese Ground and Naval Special Forces as well as Army Airborne Troops.
U.S. Woodland Camouflage pattern  United States Limited use.[8]

Infantry weapons
A Vietnamese soldier holding the new standard issue rifle, the IWI ACE 32. (2017)
Model Image Type Caliber Origin Notes
Pistols
K14VN Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Vietnam Standard issue service pistol alongside the K54. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. This model is equipped with a longer barrel, and a double-stack magazine that holds an increased capacity of 13 rounds.[12][13]
K54Semi-automatic pistol7.62×25mm Tokarev Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Standard issue service pistol. Manufactured locally as the K54 (from the Type 54 Chinese TT-33 copy), now being phased out by the new domestic K14VN.
IWI Jericho 941Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm Parabellum IsraelLimited use in the army and police, they are being manufactured to slowly replace the K54 and K14VN pistols.

Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[14][15][16]

PMSemi-automatic pistol9×18mm Makarov Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Used by police officers. Limited use in the army. Manufactured locally as the K59.[17]
CZ-82Semi-automatic pistol9×18mm Makarov Czech RepublicUsed by police officers. Limited use in the army.[17]
Browning Hi-PowerSemi-automatic pistol9×19mm Parabellum BelgiumStored in reserves for shooting ranges.
CZ 75Semi-automatic pistol9×19mm Parabellum Czech RepublicOnly a small number for testing.
M1911A1Semi-automatic pistol.45 ACP United StatesLimited use
CornerShotWeapon accessory IsraelUsed by the Special Forces and Mobile Police Force.[18][19]
Assault rifles
STV-215

STV-380

 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm  Vietnam Standard issue rifle. Developed and manufactured at the Z111 Factory. The STV-215 is the Carbine version of the STV-380, it has a barrel length of 215mm.[20][21]
Galil ACE Assault rifle 7.62×39mm  Israel
 Vietnam		 Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory. The domestically made version has the charging handles located on the right side similar to traditional AK-47s. They have been replaced as the standard issue rifle by the domestically manufactured STV-215/STV-380.[22][23]
STL-1A Assault rifle 7.62×39mm  Vietnam Limited use in the army. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[24]
AKMAssault rifle7.62×39mm M43 Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Still manufactured, old models are being converted to the domestically made STL-1A/STL-1B rifles or upgraded to AKM-1 standards. Replaced as the standard issue rifle by the STV-215/STV-380.[25][24]
AK-47Assault rifle7.62×39mm M43 Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Limited use. Being phased out by more modern weapons such as the IWI Galil or STV-215/STV-380.
Type 56Assault rifle7.62×39mm M43 China
 Vietnam		Limited use. Replaced as the standard issue rifle by the STV380/STV215.
CAR-15Carbine5.56×45mm NATO United States

 Vietnam

 Used by Special Forces, Marines and Marine Police. Manufactured locally as the M18 at the Z111 Factory, locally produced version of the XM177E2.[26]
AK-74Assault rifle5.45×39mm Soviet UnionReceived as gifts from Soviet Union in limited numbers.
Type 58 Assault rifle 7.62x39mm  North Korea Limited use. Sent as Military aid by North Korea during the Vietnam War.
IWI Tavor TAR-21Assault rifle5.56×45mm NATO IsraelUsed by Special Forces and Marines.[22][23]
vz. 58Assault rifle7.62×39mm Czechoslovakia Limited use.[27]
CZ 805 BRENAssault rifle5.56×45mm NATO Czech RepublicOnly a small number of testing.
Special Operations Assault RifleAssault rifle5.56×45mm NATO United StatesLimited use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
FN FNCAssault rifle5.56×45mm NATO BelgiumLimited use in Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
M16Assault rifle5.56×45mm NATO United StatesM16A1 and XM16E1 used by militia forces. M16A2 used by Coast Guard in small numbers.
SKS Carbine7.62×39mm M43 Soviet UnionUsed by honour guards and militia forces.
M1 Carbine Carbine .30 Carbine  United States Used by militia forces.
M1 Garand Semi-automatic rifle 30-06 Springfield  United States Used by militia forces.
M14 Battle rifle 7.62×51mm NATO  United States Stored in reserves.
Submachine guns
PP-19 BizonSubmachine gun9×19mm Parabellum Russia
 Vietnam		Used by special forces. Manufactured locally as the SN9P at the Z111 Factory. The locally produced version comes with a Galil-style stock, and is chambered in 9×19mm. [28][29]
Micro UziSubmachine gun9×19mm Parabellum IsraelUsed by special forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[30]
Uzi ProSubmachine gun9×19mm Parabellum IsraelUsed by special forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[30]
CZ Scorpion Evo 3Submachine gun9×19mm Parabellum Czech RepublicOnly a small number for testing.
FN P90 Submachine gun FN 5.7×28mm  Belgium Used by special forces during joint training operations with Singapore.
MP5Submachine gun9×19mm Parabellum West GermanyUsed by Mobile Police teams
PM-63Machine pistol/Submachine gun9×18mm Makarov PolandUsed by special forces and guard police.
Shotguns
MP-133 Pump-action shotgun 12 Gauge  Russia Limited use.
KS-23 Shotgun 23×75mmR  Soviet Union Limited use.
Mossberg 500 Shotgun 12 Gauge  United States Used by mobile police forces.
Remington Model 870 Shotgun 12 Gauge  United States Used by mobile police forces.
Sniper rifles
Dragunov SVDSniper rifle7.62×54mmR Soviet UnionStandard issue sniper rifle.
IWI GalatzSniper rifle7.62×51mm Israel Used by special forces and Marine Infantry. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[30]
Orsis Т-5000MSniper rifle.338LM Russia Used by police and special forces
VSK-94Designated marksman rifle9×39mm Russia Used by special forces.
PSR-90Sniper rifle7.62×51mm West Germany
 Pakistan		Used by police forces.
CZ-750 S1M2Sniper rifle7.62×51mm Czech RepublicUsed by police forces.
OSV-96Anti-materiel rifle12.7×108mm Russia
 Vietnam		Used by special forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[31]
KSVKAnti-materiel rifle12.7×108mm Russia
 Vietnam		Used by special forces. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[30]
WKW WilkAnti-material rifle.50 BMG Poland+50 examples were bought.[32]
Machine guns
TUL-1Light machine gun7.62×39mm VietnamVietnamese TUL-1 light machine gun used the frame of chinese Type 56 assault rifle but with stock of an RPK, barrel sights from an RPD and 30 round magazine used on the AK-47/Type 56, there are rare 40 round magazines. The TUL-1 body was thin, only 1 mm compared to the 1.5 mm of an RPK. It was also heavier and had an inferior rate of fire compared to the RPK. However, the firing rate and effective range of the weapon was successfully better than that of an AK-47/Type 56. The TUL-1 LMGs were manufactured between 1970–1974 and ended after Vietnam obtained production rights to the RPK itself.
PKMGeneral-purpose machine gun7.62×54mmR Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[33]
RPKLight machine gun7.62×39mm Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally.
RPDLight machine gun7.62×39mm Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Standard issue machine gun. Manufactured locally.
IWI NegevLight machine gun5.56×45mm NATO Israel Limited use. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[30]
Type 67General-purpose machine gun7.62×54mmR China Limited use.
FN MAGGeneral-purpose machine gun7.62×51mm NATO BelgiumLimited use.
M240BGeneral-purpose machine gun7.62×51mm NATO United StatesLimited use by Military Marksman Demonstration Team.
M60General-purpose machine gun7.62×51mm NATO United StatesLimited use.
FN Minimi Mk3Light machine gun5.56×45mm NATO BelgiumLimited use in special forces and Military Marksman Demonstration Team.[34]
NSVHeavy machine gun12.7×108mm Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Standard issue tank-mounted machine gun. Manufactured locally at the Z111 Factory.[35][36]
DShK Heavy machine gun12.7×108mm Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Mounted on T-55 tanks. Currently being phased out by the NSV.
M1919 Browning machine gunMedium machine gun7.62×51mm NATO United StatesLimited use.
M2 Browning Heavy machine gun 12.7×99mm (.50)  United States Limited use.
M134 Minigun Rotary heavy machine gun 7.62×51mm NATO  United States Limited use.[37]
Grenade-based weapons
AGS-17Grenade launcher30mm Grenade Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Standard issue. Manufactured locally.
M203Grenade launcher40mm Grenade United States
 Vietnam		Manufactured locally as the T-40 at the Z111 Factory. Replaces the trigger for a lever. Mounts on the Galil ACE 32, STL-1A, M18, M16A2 and TAR-21.[29]
M79Grenade launcher40mm Grenade United States
 Vietnam		Standard issue. Manufactured locally.[38]
Milkor MGLGrenade launcher40mm Grenade South Africa
 Vietnam		 Used by special forces. Manufactured locally as the MGL-VN1.[39]
Mortars
STA-50 Light mortar 50mm Mortar  Vietnam Manufactured locally at the Z117 Factory. [40]
M2 mortar Infantry mortar 60mm Mortar  United States
82-PM-41Mortar82mm Mortar Soviet Union
M1938Mortar107mm Mortar Soviet Union
PM-43Mortar120mm Mortar Soviet Union
M1943Mortar160mm Mortar Soviet Union
Portable anti-materiel weapons
SPG-9Anti-tank recoilless rifle73mm HEAT Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Manufactured locally.
B-10Anti-tank recoilless rifle82mm HEAT Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Manufactured locally.
RPG-7

(B-41 in Vietnam)

 Rocket-propelled grenade40mm HEAT Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Manufactured locally.
RPG-29Rocket-propelled grenade105mm HEAT Soviet Union
 Vietnam		 Manufactured locally under the name of SCT-29. [41] [42]
M72 LAWAnti-tank weapon66mm HEAT United States
9M14 MalyutkaGuided anti-tank missile125mm HEAT Soviet Union
 Vietnam		Manufactured locally under license from Serbia version with improved SACLOS guidance.
9M113 KonkursGuided anti-tank missile135mm HEAT Soviet Union
9K111 FagotGuided anti-tank missile120mm HEAT Soviet Union
MATADORAnti-armour90mm anti-armour Israel Used by Marines.
RPO-A ShmelThermobaric rocket-propelled93mm FAE Russia Only for chemical forces.

Vehicles
Vehicle Image Type Origin Quantity Notes
Tanks
T-90S/SKMain battle tank Russia64[43]
T-72B1MSMain battle tank RussiaOn order[44]
T-62Main battle tank Soviet Union70[45][46]
T-54/55 Main battle tank Soviet Union850[45]Currently around 100 tanks undergo refits and upgrades to Vietnamese T-54M modernized program at Z153 factory.
Type-59Main battle tank China350[45]Type 59-I.
T-34 Medium tank  Soviet Union
 50[47] Partially retired and used as trainer tank or coastal and islands defences.
PT-76Light tank Soviet Union300[45]
PT-85
Light Tank North Korea 150
Type 62Light tank China320[45]
Infantry fighting vehicles
BMP-1Infantry fighting vehicle Soviet Union150[48]
BMP-2Infantry fighting vehicle Soviet Union150[48]
Armoured personnel carriers
M113Armoured personnel carrier United States200[45]Equipped with DShK or NSVT 12.7 mm heavy machine gun and sometimes with the SPG-9 .
M106 mortar carrier Mortar carrier  United States Unknown Vietnamese 100mm mortars
Type 63Armoured personnel carrier China80[45]
BTR-40 Armoured personnel carrier  Soviet Union 100
BTR-50PKArmoured personnel carrier Soviet Union280[49]
BTR-60Wheeled armoured personnel carrier Soviet Union500[48]
BTR-152Wheeled armoured personnel carrier Soviet Union400[48]One is converted to an armored ambulance to support the field hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan, as a part of the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan
Armoured cars
RAM–2000Armoured car Israel150[45][48]
BRDM-1Armoured scout car Soviet Union150[45][48]
BRDM-2Armoured scout car Soviet Union150[45][48]
Artillery
SS-1 Scud B/C/DTactical ballistic missile Soviet Union24[50]
BM-14140mm multiple rocket launcher Soviet UnionUnknown
BM-21122mm multiple rocket launcher Soviet Union350[45]
Type 63107mm multiple rocket launcher China360[45]
2S1 Gvozdika122mm self-propelled artillery Soviet UnionUnknown
2S3 Akatsiya152mm self-propelled artillery Soviet Union30[48]
SU-100100mm tank destroyer Soviet UnionUnknownUsed by coastal defence forces of PNVN.[51]
ASU-8585mm self-propelled artillery Soviet UnionUnknown
M101105mm towed artillery United StatesUnknown
M114155mm towed artillery United StatesUnknown
2A18 (D-30) towed howitzer122mm towed artillery Soviet UnionUnknown
M-30 towed howitzer[52]122mm towed artillery Soviet UnionUnknown
D-74 towed howitzer[53]122mm towed artillery Soviet Union
unknown
M1954 (M-46)/Type 59 towed field gun130mm towed artillery Soviet Union
 China		519
M1955 (D-20) towed gun-howitzer152mm towed artillery Soviet UnionUnknown
Engineering vehicles
BTS-4 Armoured recovery vehicle  Soviet Union Unknown
IMR-2Armoured engineering vehicle Soviet Union2Based on T-72 chassis
BREM-1MArmoured recovery vehicle RussiaUnknownBased on T-90 chassis [54]
PTS-M Tracked amphibious transport  Soviet Union Unknown
GSP-55 Self-propelled amphibious Ferry  Soviet Union Unknown
PMP Floating Bridge Pontoon bridge  Soviet Union Unknown
TMM-3M Armoured vehicle-launched bridge  Russia Unknown
MS-20 DaglezjaArmoured vehicle-launched bridge PolandUnknown
ATS-59G Cargo carrier  Soviet Union Unknown
M548 Artillery tractor  United States Unknown
Logistic vehicles
Zil-130  Soviet Union
Zil-131  Soviet Union
Zil-157  Soviet Union
Gaz-53  Soviet Union
Gaz-66  Soviet Union
Ural-375  Soviet Union
Ural-43206  Soviet Union
Gaz-3308 Sadko  Russia
Kraz-255B  Ukraine
Kraz-6322  Ukraine
Isuzu F-Series  Japan
Hyundai HD170  South Korea
KamaZ-43253Light tactical truck RussiaUnknownReplacing older Ural trucks[55]
KamAZ 43118Medium tactical truck RussiaUnknownReplacing older Ural trucks [55]
KamAZ 65224Medium tactical truck RussiaUnknownReplacing older Ural trucks [55]
MAN HX58 Tactical military truck  Germany

Procurement

In 2006, Israel reported to the United Nations Register Organisation of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) that two of its light armoured vehicles had been sold to Vietnam.[56] A number of Israeli companies won a bid to modernise and upgrade T-54/55 tanks as well as establishing factories in the country. Israel's program includes upgrading armour, night vision system and a fire control system upgrade (produced in Poland). In May 2002, Vietnam and Ukraine reached an agreement of military technical co-operation which extended to 2005. Accordingly, Ukraine will support Vietnam primarily to upgrade its armour and artillery, and improve weapons co-production and repair facilities.[56] In February 2005, the Ministry of Defence of Finland ceded to Vietnam about 70 T-54 and T-55 tanks from the Soviet era. In early March 2005, Poland signed a contract to sell to Vietnam 150 T-72 tanks which would have been used to support training, ammunition, equipment maintenance, and repair, but this contract was cancelled in 2006 because Vietnam wanted to focus more on its Navy and Air Force.[56] In addition to upgrading tanks, the Ministry of Defence of Vietnam signed a military co-operation agreement with Russia. The Vietnamese have also developed the capacity to produce their own equipment and repair existing equipment.

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