List of fascist movements by country N–T
A list of political parties, organizations, and movements adhering to various forms of fascist ideology, part of the list of fascist movements by country.
Fascist movements, sorted by country
| Name of movement | Country of predominant operation | Came to power? | Founded post-World War II? | Active? | General influence | Notes |
| Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging | Netherlands | Yes | No (1931) | No | Nazism | Originated in 1931 as a fascist movement, converted to antisemitism and national-socialism in 1936-1937, never gained more than 8% of the Dutch voters |
| Nationaal-Socialistische Nederlandsche Arbeiderspartij | Netherlands | No | No (1931) | No | Nazism | broke away from NSB |
| Algemeene Nederlandsche Fascisten Bond | Netherlands | No | No (1932) | No | Italian Fascism | |
| Black Front | Netherlands | No | No (1934) | No | Clerical fascism | |
| National Socialist Party of New Zealand | New Zealand | No | Yes (1969) | No | Nazism | |
| New Zealand National Front | New Zealand | No | Yes (1968) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | splinter group of the League of Empire Loyalists, not a fascist organization |
| Unit 88 | New Zealand | No | Yes | No | Neo-Nazism | |
| Nasjonal Samling (NS) | Norway | Yes | No (1933) | No | Nazism | Founded and led by Vidkun Quisling. Formed German puppet government in Norway. Banned 1945. |
| Norges Nasjonalsosialistiske Bevegelse (Norway's National Socialistic Movement) | Norway | No | Yes (1988) | Yes | Nazism | |
| Norwegian Front (NF) | Norway | No | Yes (1975) | No | Neo-fascism[1][2] | |
| National Socialist Arab party | Palestine | No | ? | ? | ||
| Brit HaBirionim | Palestine (British Mandate of Palestine) | No | No (1930) | No | Italian Fascism | Founded by of Dr. Abba Ahimeir, Uri Zvi Greenberg and Dr. Joshua Yeivin. |
| Arnulfista Party | Panama | Yes | Yes (1990) | Panameñism | ||
| Accion Comunal | Panama | Yes | No | Panameñism | Founded by Dr. Arnulfo Arias | |
| Falange Peru | Peru | No | Yes | ? | Falangism | official site |
| Revolutionary Union | Peru | Yes | No (1931) | No | independent | Founded by Peruvian President Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro |
| Ganap | Philippines | Yes (as part of KALIBAPI) | No (1941) | No | far-right nationalism, fascism | Collaboratonist movement deriving from Sakdalista party |
| KALIBAPI | Philippines | yes | No (1942) | No | fascism[3][4][5][6] | Collaboratonist movement |
| Makapili | Philippines | Yes (as part of KALIBAPI) | No (1941) | No | far-right nationalism, fascism | Extreme nationalist, collaborationist movement, Anti-American party. |
| Philippine Falange | Philippines | No | No (late 1930s) | No | Falangism | Branch of the Spanish Falange. Leadership positions held by influential Spanish businessmen. |
| Camp of Great Poland (OWP) | Poland | No | No (1925) | No | Far-right nationalism | Founded and led by Roman Dmowski. Banned 1933 |
| National Radical Camp (1934) (ONR) | Poland | No | No (1934) | No | National radicalism, far-right nationalism | Splinter group of the National Party (SN), led by Jan Mosdorf. Banned soon after its establishment, in 1934. Splintered into ONR-ABC and RNR-Falanga. |
| National Radical Camp-ABC (ONR-ABC) | Poland | No | No (1935) | No | National radicalism, far-right nationalism | Breakaway movement led by Henryk Rossman. During World War II ONR-ABC was transformed into resistance movement called the "Rampart" Group. |
| National Radical Movement-Falanga (RNR-Falanga) | Poland | No | No (1935) | No | National radicalism, far-right nationalism | Breakaway movement led by Bolesław Piasecki. Commonly known as the ONR-Falanga. During World War II RNR-Falanga was transformed into resistance movement called the Confederation of the Nation (KN). |
| Party of National Socialists (PNS) | Poland | No | No (1933) | No | Nazism | Splinter group of The National Labour Party (NSP). |
| Young German Party in Poland (JDP) | Poland | No | No (1931) | No | Nazism | Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939. |
| German Union for Western Poland (DV) | Poland | No | No (1934) | No | Nazism | Party of the German minority. Ceased activity after the German invasion of Poland in 1939. |
| National Radical Camp (ONR) | Poland | No | Yes (1993) | Yes | National radicalism, far-right nationalism | Nationalist movement based on the tradition of a pre-war group of the same name. |
| National Revival of Poland (NOP) | Poland | No | Yes (1981) | Yes | National radicalism, far-right nationalism, third position | Led by Adam Gmurczyk. Party refers to the pre-war polish national radical movements. |
| Polish National Community-Polish National Party (PWN-PSN) | Poland | No | Yes (1990) | Yes | Far-right nationalism. | Anti-clerical and pan-slavist movement. Led by Bolesław Tejkowski. |
| Movimento de Acção Nacional (MAN, "National Action Movement") | Portugal | No | Yes (1986) | No | Nazism | Inactive 1992 |
| National Syndicalists | Portugal | No | No | No | independent | Banned by the Estado Novo |
| National Union | Portugal | Yes | No (1932) | ? | Estado Novo/Clerical Fascism | |
| Ordem Nova ("New Order") | Portugal | No | Yes (1978) | No | Nazism | Inactive 1982 |
| Crusade of Romanianism | Romania | No | No | No | Romanian fascism | Initially called the White Eagles |
| Iron Guard | Romania | Yes | No (1927) | No | Romanian fascism | Breakaway group from National-Christian Defense League; members were called "Green Shirts" because of their green uniforms |
| National-Christian Defense League | Romania | No | No (1923) | No | Romanian fascism | Iron Guard was a breakaway group from this movement |
| National Fascist Movement | Romania | No | No (1923) | No | Italian Fascism/independent | Union of NIRFM and NRF |
| National Italo-Rumanian Fascist Movement | Romania | No | No (1921) | No | Italian Fascism | Led by Elena Bacaloglu |
| National Rumanian Fascio | Romania | No | No (1921) | No | independent | Led by Titus Vifor |
| National Socialist Party | Romania | No | No (1932) | No | Nazism | |
| Noua Dreaptă | Romania | No | Yes | Yes | Romanian fascism | |
| Romanian Front | Romania | No | No (1935) | No | Romanian fascism | splinter group of National Peasants' Party led by Alexandru Vaida-Voevod |
| Northern Alliance (Severny Alliyans, Северный Альянс) | Russia | No | Yes | ? | Neo-Nazism | neo-nazis taking inspiration from collaborationist movements from World War II. |
| Pamyat | Russia | No | Yes | No | Monarchist restoration, ultra-nationalism | Splintered into Russian National Union and National Unity of Russia |
| Russian National Socialist Party (formerly Russian National Union) (Russkiy Natsionalʼniy Soyuz Русский Национальний Союз) | Russia | No | Yes (1992) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | Led by Konstantin Kassimovsky; became Russian National Socialist Party in 1998; splinter of Pamyat in 1992 |
| Russian National Unity (Russkoye Natsionalʼnoye Yedinstvo, Русское Национальное Единство) | Russia | No | Yes | Yes | Nazism | |
| Barkashov's Guards | Russia | No | Yes | Yes | Neo-Nazism | Led by Barkashov |
| Russian Radical Fascism | Russia | No | Yes | ? | ? | |
| White Legion 88 | Russia | No | Yes | ? | Neo-Nazism | |
| National Socialist Society (Natsional-sotsialisticheskoye obshchestvo, NSO, нaциoнaл-coциaлстичecкoe общество, HCO) | Russia | No | Yes (2004) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | Official site |
| Sammarinese Fascist Party | San Marino | Yes | No (1922) | No | Italian Fascism | Collapsed in 1943, refounded as Republican Fascio of San Marino in January 1944 and subsequently banned in November |
| Nacionalni stroj | Serbia | No | Yes | Yes | Neo-Nazism | Neo-Nazi skinheads |
| Otačastveni pokret Obraz | Serbia | No | Yes | Yes | Clerical fascism | |
| Slovenska Pospolitost ("Slovakian Solidarity") | Slovakia | No | Yes | Yes | Fascism | Banned in 2006 |
| Slovak People's Party | Slovakia, Czechoslovakia, Austria-Hungary | Yes | No (1906) | No | Clerical fascism | Formed German puppet government in Slovakia |
| Afrikaner Studentebond | South Africa | No | Yes | ? | Nazism | |
| Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging | South Africa | No | Yes (1973) | Yes | Neo-Nazism | |
| Boerestaat Party | South Africa | No | Yes | ? | Apartheid | Paramilitary group, the Boere Weerstandsbeweging |
| National Party | South Africa | Yes | No (1914) | No | Apartheid | |
| Ossewabrandwag | South Africa | No | No (1939) | No | Apartheid | |
| South African Christian National Socialist Movement | South Africa | No | No | Nazism | paramilitary group was the Gryshemde, “Grayshirts” | |
| Bases Autónomas | Spain | No | Yes | ? | Neo-Nazism/National Anarchism | |
| Círculo Español de Amigos de Europa (CEDADE, "Spanish Circle of Friends of Europe") | Spain | No | Yes (1966) | No | Neo-Nazi | Disbanded 1993 |
| España 2000 | Spain | No | Yes (2002) | Yes | Patriotic, Neo-Nazi | |
| Falange Española | Spain | Yes | No (1937) | Yes | Falangism | |
| Bodu Bala Sena | Sri Lanka | No | Yes | Yes | Ethno-fascism | |
| Clerical People's Party | Sweden | No | No (1930) | No | Clerical fascism | |
| National Socialist Workers' Party (Swedish: Nationalsocialistiska Arbetarpartiet) | Sweden | No | No (1933) | No | Nazism | Became Swedish Socialist Coalition (Swedish: Svensk Socialistisk Samling) in 1938 |
| National Socialist Bloc | Sweden | No | No (1933) | No | Nazism | Formed from merger of Nationalsocialistiska Samlingspartiet and Nationalsocialistiska Förbundet and, later, Nationalsocialistisk Samling |
| Nordic Realm Party | Sweden | No | Yes (1956) | No | Neo-Nazi | |
| White Aryan Resistance (Swedish: Vitt Ariskt Motstånd) | Sweden | No | Yes (1991) | No | Neo-Nazi | Paramilitary group active between 1991 and 1993. |
| National Alliance | Sweden | No | Yes (1993) | No | Neo-Nazi | Founded as Young National Socialists of Stockholm (Swedish: Stockholms Unga Nationalsocialister (SUNS)) in 1993. Became the National Alliance in 1996. |
| National Socialist Front (Swedish: Nationalsocialistisk Front) | Sweden | No | Yes (1994) | No | Neo-Nazi | Disbanded in 2008 |
| Swedish Resistance Movement (Swedish: Svenska motståndsrörelsen (SMR)) | Sweden | No | Yes (1995) | Yes | Neo-Nazi | Militant organisation. |
| National Youth (Swedish: Nationell Ungdom) | Sweden | No | Yes (1997) | Yes | Neo-Nazi | Youth organisation of the Swedish Resistance Movement |
| Legion Wasa (Swedish: Legion Wasa) | Sweden | No | Yes (1999) | No | Neo-Nazi | Militant organisation |
| Party of the Swedes (Swedish: Svenskarnas Parti) | Sweden | No | Yes (2008) | No | Ethnic nationalist, Swedish nationalist, Neo-Nazi | Successor of National Socialist Front, first founded under the name People's Front (Swedish: Folkfronten). Disbanded in 2015. |
| Eidgenössische Sammlung | Switzerland | No | No (1940) | No | Nazism | Successor movement to the National Front |
| National Front | Switzerland | No | No (1930) | No | Nazism/independent | |
| National Movement of Switzerland | Switzerland | No | No (1940) | No | Nazism | |
| National Union | Switzerland | No | No (1932) | No | Nazism/independent | Francophone group |
| Swiss National Socialist Party | Switzerland | No | No | ? | Nazism | |
| Volkspartei der Schweiz | Switzerland | No | Yes (1951) | No | Neo-Nazi | Led by Gaston-Armand Amaudruz |
| League of Nationalist Action | Syria | No | No (1932) | No | Fascism | Was founded in 1932 in Syria. |
| Syrian Social Nationalist Party | Syria, Lebanon | No | No (1932) | Yes | Nazism[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] | Advocates the establishment of a Greater Syrian national state, including present Syria, Lebanon, the Hatay Province of Turkey, Israel, the Palestinian territories, the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, Cyprus, Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait. |
| Republican Villagers Nation Party | Turkey | Yes (as part of coalition governments: 1962, 1965) | Yes (1958) | No | far-right nationalism, neo-fascism, third position | Precursor of the Nationalist Movement Party. |
| Vigorous Development in National Activity | Turkey | No | Yes (1969) | No | Neo-Nazi | A National Socialist group existed in 1969 in İzmir, when a group of former CKMP members (precursor party of the MHP) founded the association "Nasyonal Aktivitede Zinde İnkişaf" (NAZİ). The club maintained two combat units. The members wore SA uniforms and used the Hitler salute. One of the leaders (Gündüz Kapancıoğlu) was re-admitted to the MHP in 1975.[14] |
| Nationalist Movement Party | Turkey | Yes (as part of coalition governments: 1975, 1977, 1999) | Yes (1969) | Yes | far-right nationalism, neo-fascism[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] | Described as a neo-fascist party linked to extremist and violent militias: Grey Wolves. |
| Great Unity Party | Turkey | No | Yes (1993) | Yes | Islamofascism (clerical fascism) | Islamist splinter group separated from the Nationalist Movement Party. |
References
- Szajkowski, Bogdan (2004). Revolutionary and Dissident Movements of the World. John Harper Pub. p. 363. ISBN 9780954381127.
- Ó Maoláin, Ciarán (1987). The radical right: a world directory. Longman. p. 215. ISBN 9780874365146.
- Peter de Mendelssohn, Japan's Political Welfare, Taylor & Francis US, 2010, p. 121
- David Bernstein, The Philippine Story, READ BOOKS, 2007, p. 163
- Felixberto G. Bustos, And Now Comes Roxas: The Story of the First President of the Republic of the Philippines and the Occupation, C. Z. Bustos, 1945, p. 187
- Augusto V. de Viana, Kulaboretor!: The Issue of Political Collaboration During World War II, University of Santo Tomas Publishing House, 2003, p. 46
- Simon, Reeva S. (1996). Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East. Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-896011-4.
The Syrian Social Nationalist party (SSNP) was the brainchild of Antun Sa'ada, a Greek Orthodox Lebanese who was inspired by Nazi and fascist ideologies.
- Ya’ari, Ehud (June 1987). "Behind the Terror". Atlantic Monthly.
[The SSNP] greet their leaders with a Hitlerian salute; sing their Arabic anthem, "Greetings to You, Syria," to the strains of "Deutschland, Deutschland über alles"; and throng to the symbol of the red hurricane, a swastika in circular motion.
- Pipes, Daniel (1992). Greater Syria. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506022-9.
The SSNP flag, which features a curved swastika called the red hurricane (zawba'a), points to the party's fascistic origins.
- Rolland, John C. (2003). Lebanon. Nova Publishers. ISBN 1-59033-871-5.
[The SSNP's] red hurricane symbol was modeled after the Nazi swastika.
- Johnson, Michael (2001). All Honourable Men. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 1-86064-715-4.
Saadeh, the party's 'leader for life', was an admirer of Adolf Hitler and influenced by Nazi and fascist ideology. This went beyond adopting a reversed swastika as the party's symbol and singing the party's anthem to Deutschland über alles, and included developing the cult of a leader, advocating totalitarian government, and glorifying an ancient pre-Christian past and the organic whole of the Syrian Volk or nation.
- Becker, Jillian (1984). The PLO: The Rise and Fall of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-78547-8.
[The SSNP] had been founded in 1932 as a youth movement, deliberately modeled on Hitler's Nazi Party. For its symbol it invented a curved swastika, called the Zawbah.
- Yamak, Labib Zuwiyya (1966). The Syrian Social Nationalist Party: An Ideological Analysis. Harvard University Press.
- Jürgen Roth and Kamil Taylan: Die Türkei – Republik unter Wölfen. Bornheim-Merten, p. 119.
- Sullivan, Colleen (2011). "Grey Wolves". In Martin, Gus (ed.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. pp. 236–7.
- Karasapan, Omer (1989). "Turkey and US Strategy in the Age of Glasnost". Middle East Report. 17 (160): 587–606. doi:10.2307/3013440. JSTOR 260523.
The US also established contacts with the neofascist Nationalist Movement Party and its militants, the Grey Wolves.
- Aslan, Fikret; Bozay, Kemal, eds. (2012). Graue Wölfe heulen wieder: Türkische Faschisten und ihre Vernetzung in Deutschland [Grey wolves howl again: Turkish fascists and their networks in Germany] (in German) (3rd. ed.). Unrast Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89771-035-1.
- Canefe, Nergis; Bora, Tanıl (2004). "Intellectual Roots of Anti-European Sentiments in Turkish Politics: The Case of Radical Turkish Nationalism". In Çarkoğlu, Ali; Rubin, Barry (eds.). Turkey and the European Union: Domestic Politics, Economic Integration and International Dynamics. Routledge. p. 125, 129. ISBN 978-1-135-76120-2.
- Cooley, John K. (2002). Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism (3rd ed.). London: Pluto Press. p. 195. ISBN 978-0-7453-1917-9.
A Turkish Fascist youth group, the "Grey Wolves," was recruited to fight with the Chechens.
- Jacoby, Tim (2012). Fascism, Civility and the Crisis of the Turkish State. Political Civility in the Middle East. Routledge. p. 112.
- Arıkan, E. Burak (1999). The Programme of the Nationalist Action Party: An Iron Hand in a Velvet Glove?. Turkey Before and After Atatürk. Frank Cass. pp. 122–125.
- Political Terrorism, by Alex Peter Schmid, A. J. Jongman, Michael Stohl, Transaction Publishers, 2005, p. 674
- Annual of Power and Conflict, by Institute for the Study of Conflict, National Strategy Information Center, 1982, p. 148
- The Nature of Fascism, by Roger Griffin, Routledge, 1993, p. 171
- Political Parties and Terrorist Groups, by Leonard Weinberg, Ami Pedahzur, Arie Perliger, Routledge, 2003, p. 45
- The Inner Sea: The Mediterranean and Its People, by Robert Fox, 1991, p. 260
- Martin A. Lee "On the Trail of Turkey's Terrorist Grey Wolves" The Consortium, 1997
- "Crime of the Century". The Weekly Standard. 7 April 2005.
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