List of human cell types derived from the germ layers

This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Human anatomy

Part of a series of lists about
General Features Regions Variations Movements Systems
Structures Arteries Bones Eponymous Foramina Glands endocrine Lymphatic vessels Nerves Organs Systems Veins
Muscles Abductors Adductors Depressors Elevators Extensors Flexors Rotators external internal
See also Glossary of medicine Epithelia Anatomical terminology Index of anatomy articles Outline of anatomy Cell types by origin

Cells derived from ectoderm

Skin

Anterior pituitary

Tooth enamel

Ameloblast

Peripheral nervous system

Neuroendocrine system

Skin

Teeth

Eyes

Corneal keratocyte

Central nervous system

Neuron
Glia
- Astrocyte
- Ependymocytes
- Muller glia (retina)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)

Pineal gland

Pinealocyte

Cells derived from mesoderm

Osteochondroprogenitor cell

Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)

Myofibroblast

Fat
- Lipoblast → Adipocyte
Muscle
- Myoblast → Myocyte
- Myosatellite cell
- Tendon cell
- Cardiac muscle cell
Other
- Fibroblast → Fibrocyte

Other

Digestive system
- Interstitial cell of Cajal

Renal stem cell

Reproductive system

Hematopoietic stem cell

Lymphoid
- Lymphoblast
- see lymphocytes
Myeloid
- CFU-GEMM
- see myeloid cells

Circulatory system

Cells derived from endoderm

Respiratory system

Stomach

Intestine

Liver

Gallbladder

Cholecystocyte

Exocrine component of pancreas

Islets of Langerhans

Pharyngeal pouch

Thyroid gland
- Follicular cell
- Parafollicular cell[1]
Parathyroid gland
- Parathyroid chief cell
- Oxyphil cell

Hindgut/cloaca

Urothelial cell

See also

References

Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881.

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