List of political parties in Norway

Norway has a multi-party system with numerous political parties, in which no one party can easily gain a majority of the 169 legislative seats. Parties may cooperate to form coalition governments.

This article lists political parties in Norway.

History

1884–1905

The oldest political party in Norway is the Liberal Party, which was formed in 1884. Shortly afterwards, the Conservative Party was formed in opposition. The main political cleavage at the time was the issue of parliamentarism, with Liberals in favor and Conservatives in opposition. Until 1903, Norway was, for all intents and purposes, a two-party system;[1] the smaller Moderate Liberal Party joined the Conservatives in a de facto permanent electoral coalition from the 1881 election.

1905–1945

During the first years of the 20th century, major electoral shifts took place. In 1903, the leftist Labour Party gained its first 5 MPs, after having captured 10% of the national vote. For the 1921 elections, the former two-round, single-member district system was replaced with proportional representation,[2] allowing for further gains for medium-sized parties such as Labour and the Farmers' Party, which had been formed the previous year. In 1927, Labour surged to first place nationally, a position it has held in every single election since then. In 1928, they formed their first government, ending the decades-long power-alteration between Liberals and Conservatives. This government, headed by Christopher Hornsrud, was short-lived, however; it lasted a mere 18 days.[3] The Farmers' Party followed suit, sitting in government briefly from 1931 to 1933, under Peder Kolstad and Jens Hundseid. Despite the surge of previously minor parties, the Liberals and Conservatives retained significance, with Johan Ludwig Mowinckel (1933–1935) serving as the last Liberal prime minister to date. With the onset of World War II, Johan Nygaardsvold from the Labour Party served as de jure prime minister for a decade, from 1935 to 1945.

During the Nazi occupation of Norway, political opposition to the collaborationist regime of Vidkun Quisling and the Nasjonal Samling party was silenced and prosecuted; Nygaardsvold's cabinet went into exile in London in 1940, and did not return before 1945.[4][5]

1945–2001

From the first post-war elections in 1945 until the 1961 elections, the Labour Party held an absolute majority in parliament, with its Einar Gerhardsen serving as prime minister for, in total, 17 years and 17 days. For most of this period, Norway was generally regarded as a dominant-party system, with the divided opposition, consisting of Liberals, Conservatives, Centrists, Christian Democrats and occasionally Communists, unable to match Labour. It was first in 1963, in the aftermath of the Kings Bay Affair, that the Conservative John Lyng was able to take power with support from the other non-socialist groups. With the gradual decline of the Labour Party, opposition figures such as Per Borten (Centrist), Lars Korvald (Christian Democrat) and Kåre Willoch served as prime ministers at various points during the latter half of the 20th century. 1973 saw the advent of anti-establishment parties such as Anders Lange's Party and the Socialist Electoral League, which would later become the right-wing Progress Party and Socialist Left, respectively. Both of these groups remained relatively isolated on the political scene for the subsequent decades; the Socialist Left did not enter government before 2005, while the Progress Party was not included in a centre-right pact before in 2013.

2001–present day

The parliamentary election in 2001 saw the collapse of the Labour Party's traditionally constantly large lead over non-socialist parties; they took a mere 24% of votes – a loss of 11 points – against 21% for the Conservatives of Jan Petersen. The short-lived Cabinet Stoltenberg I, a Labour government in office since 2000, stepped down in favor of a centre-right coalition of Liberals, Conservatives and Christian Democrats, led by the latter's Kjell Magne Bondevik. Following the 2005 election, the centre-left Red-Green Coalition won a majority in parliament, with Jens Stoltenberg returning as prime minister, and serving until 2013.

The most recent election provided the bloc of the Conservative Erna Solberg a clear parliamentary majority, with 96 of the 169 seats in parliament. She formed a government with the Progress Party of Siv Jensen, breaking the latter's decades-long isolation from the other centre-right parties.[6]

The parties

Parties currently in Parliament

Name Founded Ideology Position Leader Affiliation 2017 Parliamentary Elections 2019 Norwegian local elections
International European MPs '17 election vote share Municipal councils County councils '19 election vote share
AP Arbeiderpartiet
Labour Party
1887 Social democracy Centre-left Jonas Gahr Støre Progressive Alliance PES
49 / 169
27.4%
2,583 / 9,344
148 / 574
24.8%
H Høyre
Conservative Party
1884 Liberal conservatism Centre-right Erna Solberg International Democrat Union EPP
45 / 169
25.0%
1,488 / 9,344
107 / 574
20.1%
Frp Fremskrittspartiet
Progress Party
1973 National conservatism[7] Right-wing Siv Jensen None None
27 / 169
15.2%
701 / 9,344
55 / 574
8.2%
Sp Senterpartiet
Centre Party
1920 Nordic agrarianism Centre Trygve Slagsvold Vedum None None
19 / 169
10.3%
2,265 / 9,344
106 / 574
14.4%
SV Sosialistisk Venstreparti
Socialist Left Party
1975 Democratic socialism Left-wing Audun Lysbakken None NGLA
11 / 169
6.0%
459 / 9,344
34 / 574
6.1%
V Venstre
Liberal Party
1884 Liberalism Centre Guri Melby Liberal International ALDE
8 / 169
4.4%
264 / 9,344
16 / 574
3.9%
KrF Kristelig Folkeparti
Christian Democratic Party
1933 Christian democracy Centre to centre-right Kjell Ingolf Ropstad Centrist Democrat International EPP
8 / 169
4.2%
411 / 9,344
25 / 574
4.0%
MdG Miljøpartiet de Grønne
Green Party
1988 Green politics Centre-left Une Aina Bastholm,
Arild Hermstad
Global Greens EGP
1 / 169
3.2%
310 / 9,344
36 / 574
6.8%
R Rødt
Red Party
2007 Marxism Left-wing to far-left Bjørnar Moxnes None None
1 / 169
2.4%
193 / 9,344
20 / 574
3.8%

Non-parliamentary parties

English party name Norwegian party name Founded Associated ideology Current leader International affiliation 2017 Parliamentary election 2015

County council members

2019

County council members

Árja Innsatsvilje 2008 Social conservatism, Traditionalism Láilá Susanne Vars None 0 - -
Pensioners' Party Pensjonistpartiet 1985 Social conservatism Einar Lonstad none 0.4%
6 / 574
6 / 574
The Christians Party Partiet De Kristne 2011 Christian right Erik Selle none 0.4%
0 / 574
1 / 574
Health Party Helsepartiet 2016 Single-issue politics Lise Askvik None 0.4%
0 / 574
0 / 574
Capitalist Party Liberalistene 2014 Classical liberalism, Laissez-faire[8] Arnt Rune Flekstad International Alliance of Libertarian Parties 0.2%
0 / 574
0 / 574
Democrats in Norway Demokratene i Norge 2002 Right-wing populism, national conservatism Terje Svendsen none 0.1%
1 / 574
3 / 574
Pirate Party Piratpartiet 2012 Pirate politics Tale Haukbjørk Østrådal Pirate Parties International, European Pirate Party 0.1%
0 / 574
0 / 574
The Alliance Alliansen 2016 Nationalism Hans Jørgen Lysglimt Johansen none 0.1% - -
Coastal Party Kystpartiet 1999 National conservatism Bengt Stabrun Johansen none 0.1%
1 / 574
0 / 574
Nordmøre List Nordmørslista 2015 Nordmøre local interests Per Martin Kjønne None 0.1%
1 / 574
2 / 574
Feminist Initiative Feministisk Initiativ 2015 Feminism Cathrine Linn Kristiansen, Sunniva Schultze-Florey None 0.0%
0 / 574
?
Communist Party of Norway Norges Kommunistiske Parti 1903 Marxism–Leninism Runa Evensen International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties 0.0%
0 / 574
0 / 574
Values Party Verdipartiet - Social conservatism, Christian conservatism Magne Hersvik None 0.0%
0 / 574
?
Northern Assembly Nordting - Northern Norway local interests Amund Sjølie Sveen None 0.0% - ?
Society Party Samfunnspartiet 1985 Anarchism Øystein Johannessen none 0.0%
0 / 574
0 / 574
Norway Party Norgespartiet - Nationalism Lars Rønbeck None 0.0%
0 / 574
?
People's Federation of the Saami Samenes Folkeforbund 1993 Sami people interests Liv O Slettli None 0 - ?
Sami People's Party Samefolkets Parti 1999 Sami people interests Birger Randulf Nymo none 0
2 / 574
?
Folkeaksjonen nei til mer bompenger Folkeaksjonen nei til mer bompenger - Single-issue politics Frode Myrhol none 0
3 / 574
17 / 574

Major/parliamentary parties

Minor parties

See also

References

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