Party of European Socialists
The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a social democratic European political party.[6]
Party of European Socialists | |
---|---|
President | Sergei Stanishev (BG) |
Secretary-General | Achim Post (DE) |
Founded | 1973 (Confederation) 9–10 November 1992 (Party) |
Headquarters | Rue Guimard 10, 1040 Brussels, Belgium |
Think tank | Foundation for European Progressive Studies |
Youth wing | Young European Socialists |
Women's wing | PES Women |
Ideology | Social democracy[1][2] Pro-Europeanism |
Political position | Centre-left[2][3] |
International affiliation | Progressive Alliance[4] Socialist International[5] |
European Parliament group | Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats |
Colours | Red |
European Parliament | 146 / 705 |
European Council | 6 / 27 |
European Commission | 9 / 27 |
European Lower Houses | 2,327 / 9,874 |
European Upper Houses | 645 / 2,714 |
Website | |
pes | |
The PES comprises national-level political parties from all member states of the European Union (EU) plus Norway and the United Kingdom. This includes major parties such as the Social Democratic Party of Germany, the French Socialist Party, the British Labour Party, the Italian Democratic Party and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party. Parties from a number of other European countries and from the Mediterranean region are also admitted to the PES as associate or observer parties.[7] Most member, associate and observer parties are members of the wider Progressive Alliance or Socialist International.[4][5]
The PES is currently led by its president Sergei Stanishev, a former Prime Minister of Bulgaria. Its political group in the European Parliament is the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D). The PES also operates in the European Committee of the Regions (in the PES Group in the Committee of the Regions) and the European Council.
Name
The party's English name is "Party of European Socialists". In addition, the following names are used in other languages:
- Albanian: Partia e Socialistëve Europianë
- Bosnian: Stranka europskih socijalista
- Bulgarian: Партия на европейските социалисти
- Croatian: Stranka europskih socijalista
- Czech: Strana evropských socialistů
- Danish: De Europæiske Socialdemokrater
- Dutch: Partij van Europese Socialisten
- Estonian: Euroopa Sotsialistlik Partei
- Finnish: Euroopan sosialidemokraattinen puolue
- French: Parti socialiste européen
- German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Europas
- Greek: Ευρωπαϊκό Σοσιαλιστικό Κόμμα
- Hungarian: Európai Szocialisták Pártja
- Icelandic: Flokkur evrópskra sósíalista
- Irish: Páirtí na Sóisialaithe Eorpach
- Italian: Partito del Socialismo Europeo
- Latvian: Eiropas Sociāldemokrātiskā partija
- Lithuanian: Europos socialistų partija
- Luxembourgish: Partei vun den Europäesche Sozialisten
- Macedonian: Партија на европските социјалисти
- Maltese: Partit tas-Soċjalisti Ewropej
- Norwegian: Det europeiske sosialdemokratiske partiet
- Polish: Partia Europejskich Socjalistów
- Portuguese: Partido Socialista Europeu
- Romanian: Partidul Socialiștilor Europeni
- Serbian: Партија европских социјалиста
- Slovak: Strana európskych socialistov
- Slovene: Stranka evropskih socialistov
- Spanish: Partido de los Socialistas Europeos
- Swedish: Europeiska socialdemokratiska partiet
In March 2014 following the congress in Rome, the PES added the tagline "Socialists and Democrats" to its name following the admission of Italy's Democratic Party into the organisation.[8]
History
1960s
In 1961, the Socialists in the European Parliament attempted to produce a common 'European Socialist Programme' but this was neglected due to the applications of Britain, Denmark, Ireland and Norway to join the European Community. The Socialists' 1962 congress pushed for greater democratisation and powers for Parliament, though it was only in 1969 that this possibility was examined by the member states.[9]
1970s
In 1973, Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom joined the European Community, bringing in new parties from these countries. The enlarged Socialist Congress met in Bonn and inaugurated the Confederation of the Socialist Parties of the European Community. The Congress also passed a resolution on social policy, including the right to decent work, social security, democracy and equality in the European economy.[10] In 1978, the Confederation of Socialist Parties approved the first common European election Manifesto. It focused on several goals among which the most important were to ensure a right to decent work, fight pollution, end discrimination, protect the consumer and promote peace, human rights and civil liberties.
1980s
At its Luxembourg Congress in 1980, the Confederation of Socialist Parties approved its first Statute. The accession of Greece to the EU in 1981, followed by Spain and Portugal in 1986, brought in more parties.
In 1984, a common Socialist election manifesto proposed a socialist remedy for the economic crisis of the time by establishing a link between industrial production, protection of fundamental social benefits, and the fight for an improved quality of life.[10]
1990s
In 1992, with the European Community becoming the European Union and with the Treaty of Maastricht establishing the framework for political parties at a European level, the Confederation of Socialist Parties voted to transform itself into the Party of European Socialists. The party's first programme concentrated on job creation, democracy, gender equality, environmental and consumer protection, peace and security, regulation of immigration, discouragement of racism and fighting organised crime.[10]
Along with the Socialist Group in the European Parliament, the founding members of the PES were:[11]
- Social Democratic Party of Austria
- Socialist Party (Francophone) and the Socialist Party (Flemish) of Belgium
- Social Democrats of Denmark
- Socialist Party of France
- Social Democratic Party of Germany
- Panhellenic Socialist Movement of Greece
- Labour Party of Ireland
- Italian Democratic Socialist Party, Italian Socialist Party and Democratic Party of the Left of Italy
- Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party
- Labour Party of the Netherlands
- Socialist Party of Portugal
- Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
- Swedish Social Democratic Party
- Labour Party and Social Democratic and Labour Party of the UK
2000s
In 2004 Poul Nyrup Rasmussen defeated Giuliano Amato to be elected President of the PES, succeeding Robin Cook in the post. He was re-elected for a further 2.5 years at the PES Congress in Porto on 8 December 2006 and again at the Prague Congress in 2009.
2010s
In 2010, the Foundation for European Progressive Studies was founded as the political foundation (think tank) of the PES.
Mr Rasmussen stood down at the PES Progressive Convention in Brussels on 24 November 2011. He was replaced as interim president by Sergei Stanishev, at the time chairman of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) and former prime minister of Bulgaria.
On 28–29 September 2012, the PES Congress in Brussels[12] Congress elected interim president Sergei Stanishev as full President, as well as four deputies: Jean-Christophe Cambadélis (1st Vice-President – PS), Elena Valenciano (PSOE), Jan Royall (Labour) and Katarína Neveďalová (Smer-SD). The same Congress elected Achim Post (SPD) as its new secretary general, and adopted a process which it described as "democratic and transparent" for electing its next candidate for Commission President in 2014.[13] Sergei Stanishev was re-elected PES President on 22–23 June 2015 in Budapest. The Congress also approved Achim Post (SPD) as the Secretary-General as well as the four Vice-Presidents: Jean-Christophe Cambadélis (PS), Carin Jämtin (Swedish Social Democratic Party), Katarína Neveďalová (Smer-SD) and Jan Royall (Labour).
On 7–8 December 2019, the PES Congress gathered in Lisbon to elect its leadership. Sergei Stanishev was confirmed as party President and Achim Post (SPD) as Secretary General. Iratxe García (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party) was elected by the new presidency 1st Vice-President of the PES and Francisco André (Socialist Party (Portugal)), Katarína Neveďalová (Smer-SD) and Marita Ulvskog (Swedish Social Democratic Party) were elected PES Vice-Presidents.
Organisation
Part of a series on |
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Member parties
The PES has thirty-three full member parties from each of the twenty-seven EU member states, Norway and the UK. There are a further twelve associate and twelve observer parties from other European countries.[14]
State | Name | abbr. | MEPs | National MPs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | Social Democratic Party of Austria Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs |
SPÖ | 5 / 19 |
40 / 183 21 / 62 | |
Belgium | Socialist Party Parti socialiste |
PS | 2 / 8 [. 1] |
23 / 63 9 / 24 [. 1] | |
Socialist Party – Differently Socialistische Partij Anders |
sp.a | 1 / 13 [. 2] |
13 / 87 5 / 35 [. 2] | ||
Bulgaria | Bulgarian Socialist Party Българска социалистическа партия Bulgarska sotsialisticheska partiya |
BSP | 5 / 17 |
80 / 240 | |
Croatia | Social Democratic Party of Croatia Socijaldemokratska partija Hrvatske |
SDP | 4 / 12 |
29 / 151 | |
Cyprus | Movement for Social Democracy Κίνημα Σοσιαλδημοκρατών Kinima Sosialdimokraton |
EDEK | 2 / 6 |
3 / 56 | |
Czech Republic | Czech Social Democratic Party Česká strana sociálně demokratická |
ČSSD | 0 / 21 |
15 / 200 | |
Denmark | Social Democrats Socialdemokraterne |
A | 3 / 14 |
47 / 179 | |
Estonia | Social Democratic Party Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Erakond |
SDE | 2 / 7 |
10 / 101 | |
Finland | Social Democratic Party of Finland Suomen sosialidemokraattinen puolue Finlands socialdemokratiska parti |
SDP | 2 / 14 |
40 / 200 | |
France | Socialist Party Parti socialiste |
PS | 6 / 79 |
73 / 348 27 / 577 | |
Germany | Social Democratic Party of Germany Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands |
SPD | 16 / 96 |
153 / 709 20 / 69 | |
Greece | Panhellenic Socialist Movement Πανελλήνιο Σοσιαλιστικό Κίνημα Panellínio Sosialistikó Kínima |
PASOK | 2 / 21 |
18 / 300 | |
Hungary | Hungarian Socialist Party Magyar Szocialista Párt |
MSZP | 5 / 21 |
28 / 199 | |
Ireland | Labour Party Páirtí an Lucht Oibre |
Lab | 0 / 13 |
5 / 60 6 / 160 | |
Italy | Democratic Party Partito Democratico |
PD | 18 / 76 |
54 / 315 112 / 630 | |
Italian Socialist Party Partito Socialista Italiano |
PSI | 0 / 76 |
1 / 315 1 / 630 | ||
Latvia | Social Democratic Party "Harmony"[15] Sociāldemokrātiskā partija "Saskaņa" |
SDPS | 2 / 8 |
22 / 100 | |
Lithuania | Social Democratic Party of Lithuania Lietuvos socialdemokratų partija |
LSDP | 2 / 11 |
17 / 141 | |
Luxembourg | Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party Lëtzebuerger Sozialistesch Aarbechterpartei Parti ouvrier socialiste luxembourgeois Luxemburger Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei |
LSAP | 1 / 6 |
13 / 60 | |
Malta | Labour Party Partit Laburista |
PL | 4 / 6 |
37 / 69 | |
Netherlands | Labour Party Partij van de Arbeid |
PvdA | 6 / 29 |
8 / 75 9 / 150 | |
Norway | Labour Party Arbeiderpartiet |
AP | Not in EU | 49 / 169 | |
Poland | Democratic Left Alliance Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej |
SLD | 5 / 52 |
1 / 100 24 / 460 | |
Labour United Unia Pracy |
UP | 0 / 52 |
0 / 100 0 / 460 | ||
Portugal | Socialist Party Partido Socialista |
PS | 9 / 21 |
108 / 230 | |
Romania | Social Democratic Party Partidul Social Democrat |
PSD | 8 / 33 |
47 / 136 110 / 330 | |
Slovakia | Direction – Social Democracy Smer – sociálna demokracia |
Smer-SD | 3 / 14 |
26 / 150 | |
Slovenia | Social Democrats Socialni demokrati |
SD | 2 / 8 |
12 / 90 | |
Spain | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party Partido Socialista Obrero Español |
PSOE | 21 / 58 |
139 / 266 123 / 350 | |
Sweden | Swedish Social Democratic Party Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti |
SAP | 5 / 21 |
100 / 349 | |
United Kingdom | Labour Party | Lab (GB) | Not in EU | 180 / 794 202 / 632 | |
Social Democratic and Labour Party Páirtí Sóisialta Daonlathach an Lucht Oibre |
SDLP (NI) | Not in EU | 0 / 794 2 / 18 | ||
State | Name | abbr. | European MPs | National MPs | |
Albania | Socialist Party of Albania Partia Socialiste e Shqipërisë | PSS | 74 / 140 | ||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina Socijaldemokratska partija Bosne i Hercegovine | SDP | 1 / 15 5 / 42 | ||
Bulgaria | Party of Bulgarian Social Democrats партия Български социалдемократи Partiya Bulgarski Sotsialdemokrati | PBS | 0 / 17 | 1 / 240 | |
Iceland | Social Democratic Alliance Samfylkingin | Samf. | 7 / 63 | ||
Moldova | Democratic Party of Moldova Partidul Democrat din Moldova | PDM | 19 / 101 | ||
Montenegro | Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro Demokratska partija socijalista Crne Gore | DPS | 31 / 81 | ||
Social Democratic Party of Montenegro Socijaldemokratska partija Crne Gore | SDP | 6 / 81 | |||
North Macedonia | Social Democratic Union of Macedonia Социјалдемократски сојуз на Македонија Socijaldemokratski Sojuz na Makedonija | SDSM | 49 / 120 | ||
Serbia | Democratic Party Демократска странка Demokratska stranka | DS | 0 / 250 (election boycott) | ||
Switzerland | Social Democratic Party of Switzerland Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz Parti socialiste suisse Partito Socialista Svizzero Partida Socialdemocrata de la Svizra | SP/PS | 39 / 200 9 / 46 | ||
Turkey | Republican People's Party Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi | CHP | 131 / 550 | ||
Peoples' Democratic Party Halkların Demokratik Partisi Partiya Demokratîk a Gelan | HDP | 50 / 550 | |||
State | Name | abbr. | European MPs | National MPs | |
Andorra | Social Democratic Party Partit Socialdemòcrata | PS | 3 / 28 | ||
Armenia | Armenian Revolutionary Federation Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն Hay Yeghap’vokhakan Dashnakts’ut’iwn | ARF | 0 / 131 | ||
Egypt | Egyptian Social Democratic Party الحزب المصرى الديمقراطى الاجتماعى al-Ḥizb al-Maṣrī al-Dimuqrāṭī al-Ijtmāʿī | ESDP | 4 / 596 | ||
Georgia | Georgian Dream ქართული ოცნება – დემოკრატიული საქართველო Kartuli ocneba – Demok’rat’iuli Sakartvelo | 92 / 150 | |||
Israel | Israeli Labor Party מִפְלֶגֶת הָעֲבוֹדָה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית Mifleget HaAvoda HaYisrelit | אמת | 3 / 120 | ||
Meretz מֶרֶצ Meretz | מרצ | 3 / 120 | |||
Latvia | Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party Latvijas Sociāldemokrātiskā strādnieku partija | LSDSP | 0 / 8 | 0 / 100 | |
Morocco | Socialist Union of Popular Forces الاتحاد الاشتراكي للقوات الشعبية Al-Ittihad Al-Ishtirakiy Lilqawat Al-Sha'abiyah Union Socialiste des Forces Populaires | USFP | 24 / 270 20 / 395 | ||
Northern Cyprus | Republican Turkish Party Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi | CTP | 20 / 50 | ||
Palestine | Fatah فتح Fatḥ | فتح | 45 / 132 | ||
San Marino | Party of Socialists and Democrats Partito dei Socialisti e dei Democratici | PSD | 3 / 60 | ||
Serbia | Party of Freedom and Justice Странка слободе и правде Stranka slobode i pravde | SSP | 0 / 250 (election boycott) | ||
Tunisia | Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties التكتل الديمقراطي من أجل العمل والحريات at-Takattul ad-Dīmuqrāṭī min ajl il-‘Amal wal-Ḥurriyyāt Forum démocratique pour le travail et les libertés | FDTL | 0 / 217 |
- French-speaking seats
- Flemish seats
Constituent organisations
The youth organisation of the PES is the Young European Socialists. PES Women is the party's women's organisation, led by Zita Gurmai. The LGBTI campaign organisation is Rainbow Rose.[16]
International memberships
PES is an associated organisation of Socialist International and the Progressive Alliance.
President and Presidency
The President (currently former Prime Minister of Bulgaria Sergei Stanishev) represents the party on a daily basis and chairs the Presidency, which also consists of the Secretary General, President of the S&D group in Parliament and one representative per full/associate member party and organisation. They may also be joined by the President of the European Parliament (if a PES member), a PES European Commissioner and a representative from associate parties and organisations.[16]
The list below shows PES presidents and the presidents of its predecessors.[17]
President | State | National party | Term | Photo | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Wilhelm Dröscher | Germany | Social Democratic Party of Germany | April 1974 | January 1979 | |
2. | Robert Pontillon | France | Socialist Party | January 1979 | March 1980 | |
3. | Joop den Uyl | Netherlands | Labour Party | March 1980 | May 1987 | |
4. | Vítor Constâncio | Portugal | Socialist Party | May 1987 | January 1989 | |
5. | Guy Spitaels | Belgium | Socialist Party | February 1989 | May 1992 | |
6. | Willy Claes | Belgium | Socialist Party | November 1992 | October 1994 | |
7. | Rudolf Scharping | Germany | Social Democratic Party of Germany | March 1995 | May 2001 | |
8. | Robin Cook | United Kingdom | Labour Party | May 2001 | 24 April 2004 | |
9. | Poul Nyrup Rasmussen | Denmark | Social Democrats | 24 April 2004 | 24 November 2011 | |
10. | Sergei Stanishev | Bulgaria | Bulgarian Socialist Party | 24 November 2011 | – |
Governance
The parties meet at the party Congress twice every five years to decide on political orientation, such as adopting manifestos ahead of elections. Every year that the Congress does not meet, the Council (a smaller version of the Congress) shapes PES policy. The Congress also elects the party's President, Vice-Presidents and the Presidency.[16]
The Leader's Conference brings together Prime Ministers and Party Leaders from PES parties three to four times a year to agree strategies and resolutions.[16]
European election primaries
In December 2009, the PES decided to put forward a candidate for Commission President at all subsequent elections.[18] On 1 March 2014, the PES organised for the first time a European election Congress where a Common Manifesto[19] was adopted and the Common Candidate designate for the post of Commission President, Martin Schulz, was elected by over a thousand participants in Rome, Italy. In 2019, progressives elected Frans Timmermans as PES Common Candidate to the European Elections, during the Election Congress in Madrid on 22–23 February 2019.
PES in the European institutions
Overview of the European institutions
Organisation | Institution | Number of seats |
---|---|---|
European Union | European Parliament | 148 / 751 |
Committee of the Regions | 131 / 350 | |
European Commission | 9 / 27 | |
European Council (Heads of Government) | 6 / 27 | |
Council of the European Union (Participation in Government) | 13 / 27 | |
Council of Europe | Parliamentary Assembly | 69 / 318 |
European Parliament
European Commission
European Commissioners are meant to remain independent, however there has been an increasing degree of politicisation within the Commission.[20] In the current European Commission, nine of the Commissioners belong to the PES family.
Portfolio | Commissioner | State | Political party | Photo |
---|---|---|---|---|
First Vice President and Executive Vice President; | Frans Timmermans | Netherlands |
PvdA | |
High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy | Josep Borrell | Spain |
PSOE | |
Vice-President; Interinstitutional Relations and Foresight |
Maroš Šefčovič | Slovakia |
Smer-SD | |
Jobs and Social Rights | Nicolas Schmit | Luxembourg |
LSAP
|
|
Economy | Paolo Gentiloni | Italy |
PD | |
Cohesion and Reforms | Elisa Ferreira | Portugal |
PS | |
Equality | Helena Dalli | Malta |
PL | |
Home Affairs | Ylva Johansson | Sweden |
S | |
International Partnerships | Jutta Urpilainen | Finland |
SDP |
European Council
Of the 27 heads of state and government that are members of the European Council, 6 are from the PES, and therefore regularly attend PES summits to prepare for European Council meetings.
Member State | Representative | Title | Political party | Member of the Council since | Photo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Finland | Sanna Marin | Prime Minister | Social Democratic Party of Finland | 10 December 2019 | |
Denmark | Mette Frederiksen | Prime Minister | Social Democrats | 27 June 2019 | |
Spain | Pedro Sánchez | Prime Minister | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party | 7 January 2020 | |
Malta | Robert Abela | Prime Minister | Labour Party | 13 January 2020 | |
Portugal | António Costa | Prime Minister | Socialist Party | 26 November 2015 | |
Sweden | Stefan Löfven | Prime Minister | Social Democratic Party | 3 October 2014 |
European Council and Council of Ministers
Party-alignment at the European Council is often loose, but has been the basis of some intergovernmental cooperation. At present seven countries are led by a PES-affiliated leader, who represents that state at the European Council: Spain (Pedro Sánchez), Portugal (Antonio Costa), Malta (Robert Abela), Denmark (Mette Frederiksen), Finland (Sanna Marin) and Sweden (Stefan Löfven).
The makeup of national delegations to the Council of Ministers is at some times subject to coalitions: for the above governments led by a PES party, that party may not be present in all Council configurations; in other governments led by non-PES parties a PES minister may be its representative for certain portfolios. PES is in coalition in the following countries: Czech Republic, Germany, Italy and Luxembourg.
Overview
State | Governing parties | Affiliated EU party | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Germany | Christian Democratic Union Social Democratic Party Christian Social Union |
EPP PES EPP |
83,166,711 |
Italy | Five Star Movement Democratic Party Free and Equal |
None PES None |
60,317,116 |
Spain | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party Podemos United Left Catalonia in Common |
PES None PEL None |
47,431,256 |
Portugal | Socialist Party | PES | 10,341,330 |
Czech Republic | ANO Czech Social Democratic Party |
ALDE PES |
10,693,939 |
Sweden | Swedish Social Democratic Party Green Party |
PES EGP |
10,343,403 |
Denmark | Social Democrats | PES | 5,824,857 |
Finland | Social Democratic Party of Finland Centre Party Green League Left Alliance Swedish People's Party of Finland |
PES ALDE EGP PEL ALDE |
5,528,737 |
Luxembourg | Democratic Party Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party The Greens |
ALDE PES EGP |
626,108 |
Malta | Labour Party | PES | 514,564 |
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
Committee of the Regions
PES has 122 members in the Committee of the Regions as of 2014.[21]
References
- Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "European Union". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
- Richard Dunphy (2004). Contesting Capitalism?: Left Parties and European Integration. Manchester University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-7190-6804-1.
- John Pinder, Simon Usherwood (2013). The European Union: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-1915-03931.
- "Member parties of the Progressive Alliance". 1 February 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
- "Member parties of Socialist International". 1 February 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
- Robert Thomson (2011). Resolving Controversy in the European Union: Legislative Decision-Making Before and After Enlargement. Cambridge University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-139-50517-8. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
- "Member parties of the PES". 1 February 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
- "Il PSE "omaggia "il PD cambiando ufficialmente nome: PSE – Socialists&Democrats" (in Italian). 2 March 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
- "Northern European Social Democracy and European Integration, 1960–1972. Moving towards a New Consensus?". Academia.edu. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- "History". Socialist Group website. Archived from the original on 1 November 2007. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
- Skrzypek, Ania (2013). "Europe, Our Common Future" Celebrating 20 years of the Party of European Socialists (PDF). Belgium: FEPS – Foundation for European Progressive Studies. ISBN 978-3-85464-037-0.
- "Together for the Europe we need!". Zita Gurmai, President of PES Women. 26 July 2012. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- "Ethics in politics : For strong moral conduct through a strong moral code" (PDF). PES Presidency declaration. 14 April 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2012.
- "About the PES?". PES website. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- "Saskaņa joins Party of European Socialists". Public Broadcasting of Latvia. LETA. 27 November 2017. Retrieved 22 September 2018.
- "How does PES work?". PES website. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
- "Former PES Presidents". PES website. Archived from the original on 9 October 2007. Retrieved 21 January 2008.
- "A New Direction for Progressive Societies. Resolution N. 2 A new way forward. Adopted by the 8th PES Congress" (PDF). PES. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2010.
- "PES Manifesto Towards a New Europe. Adopted by Election Congress 2014 in Rome" (PDF). PES. 1 March 2014. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
- Mahony, Honor (7 May 2007). "Brussels struggles with communication policy". EU Observer. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
- "PES Group Members". Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Party of European Socialists. |
- Party of European Socialists, official website
- Parliamentary Group of the Party of European Socialists, official website
- European Youth Plan campaign, official website
- PES Group in the Committee of the Regions, official website