List of polyglots

This is a list of notable people with a knowledge of six or more languages.

Living

Africa
  • Peter Turkson (1948–), Ghanaian Catholic cardinal. In addition to his native language, Fante, he speaks a number of other Ghanaian languages, as well as English, French, Italian, German, and Hebrew. He also knows Latin and Greek.[1]
  • Dikembe Mutombo (1966–), Congolese former basketball player. Speaks English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Tshiluba, Swahili, Lingala, and two other Central African languages.[2]
  • Trevor Noah (1984–), South African comedian. Speaks English, Afrikaans, Zulu, Xhosa, Tswana, Tsonga, and some German.[3]

Americas
  • Pope Francis (1936–), current leader of the Catholic Church. Born in Argentina and of Italian descent, he speaks Spanish and Italian natively. In addition, he knows Latin, and can get by in German, French, Portuguese, and English.[4]
  • Ivan Argüelles (1939–), American poet. He knows most of the Romance languages (including Spanish, French, Italian, Portuguese, Catalan, Provençal, and Romanian) and a number of Indic languages (Hindi, Bengali, Sinhala, and Nepali), as well as Persian, German, Russian, Arabic, and some Chinese. He has also studied Latin, Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, Old Scandinavian, and Old Icelandic.[5]
  • Powell Janulus (1939–), Canadian court interpreter. According to the 1986 Guinness Book of World Records, he "has worked with 41 languages in the Provincial Court of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada."[6]
  • Steve Kaufmann (1945–), Canadian businessman. He has some understanding of twenty languages, although his ability to speak and write these languages varies to a considerable degree. Some of the languages he has studied are French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Swedish, Russian, Japanese, Mandarin, and Cantonese.[7][8]
  • Ziad Fazah (1954–), Liberian-born Lebanese language teacher, now living in Brazil. He is famous for claiming to speak fifty-nine languages, and for a time was listed in The Guinness Book of Records. It is unclear how many languages he can in fact speak.[5]
  • Andrew Divoff (1955–), Venezuelan actor and producer. Speaks English, Spanish, Italian, French, German, Catalan, Portuguese, and Russian.[9] At one time he also knew Romanian, but forgot it through lack of use.[10]
  • Viggo Mortensen (1958–), Danish-American actor. He grew up bilingual in English and Spanish, and later learnt Danish, Italian, and French. He also has some knowledge of Arabic.[11]
  • Julie Payette (1963–), former governor general of Canada. Speaks French and English natively, and can converse in Spanish, Italian, Russian, and German.[12]
  • Alexander Argüelles (1964–), American linguist. He speaks most of the Germanic and Romance languages (in particular, German, Dutch, Swedish, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian), as well as Russian, Korean, and Arabic, and he has a reading knowledge of many more languages, such as Persian and Old Norse.[5][13][14]
  • Sérgio Meira (1968–), Brazilian linguist. He speaks Portuguese, French, Italian, Spanish, Romanian, English, German, and Esperanto, and to a lesser extent Catalan, Dutch, Russian, and Tiriyó. He can also read with a dictionary Swedish, Latin, and Greek (both classical and modern).[15]
  • Alberto Lati (1978–), Mexican sports journalist. Speaks Spanish, English, Hebrew, Portuguese, German, Italian, Mandarin, Japanese, French, Greek, and Zulu with varying degrees of fluency.[16]
  • Pete Buttigieg (1982–), American politician. Speaks English, Norwegian, Spanish, French, Italian, Maltese, Arabic, and Dari with varying degrees of fluency.[17]

Asia
  • Lokesh Chandra (1927–), Indian scholar. He knows Sanskrit, Pali, Hindi, Avestan, Old Persian, Greek, Latin, French, German, English, Russian, Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, Japanese, and Indonesian.[18]
  • Jeong Su-il (1934–), Chinese-born North Korean spy. Speaks Korean, Chinese, Japanese, Tagalog, Malay, Arabic, Persian, Russian, French, Spanish, German, and English.[19]
  • Mickey Curtis (1938–), Japanese actor and singer. Speaks Japanese, English, German, French, Italian, and Thai.[20]
  • Levon Ter-Petrosyan (1945–), former president of Armenia. He speaks Armenian, Russian, French, English, German, Arabic, and Assyrian. He also knows a number of ancient languages.[21][22]
  • Malcolm Ranjith (1947–), current archbishop of Colombo. Speaks Sinhala, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Tamil, and Indonesian. He also knows Latin, Greek, and Hebrew.[23]
  • Rambhadracharya (1950–), Indian religious leader. Speaks English, French, Sanskrit, Hindi, Bhojpuri, Maithily, Oria, Gujrati, Punjabi, Marathi, Maghdhi, Awadhi, and Braj, as well as a number of other Indic languages.[24]
  • Péter Frankl (1953–), Hungarian mathematician, now living in Japan. Speaks eleven languages, including Hungarian, Japanese, Chinese, English, and French.[25]
  • Kamal Haasan (1954–), Indian actor. Speaks Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, Hindi, Marathi, and English.[26]
  • Shabnam Mausi (1955–), Indian politician. Speaks twelve languages.[27]
  • Naela Chohan (1958–), Pakistani diplomat. Speaks Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Persian, English, French, and Spanish.[28]
  • Prakash Raj (1965–), Indian actor. Speaks Kannada, Tulu, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu, Hindi, and English.[29]
  • Hikmat Hasanov (1975–), Azerbaijani military officer. Speaks Azerbaijani, Turkish, Armenian, Russian, English, and Persian.[30][31]
  • Priya Anand (1986–), Indian actress. Speaks Telugu, Tamil, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Spanish, and English.[32]
  • Henrikh Mkhitaryan (1989–), Armenian footballer. Speaks Armenian, Russian, English, German, French, and Portuguese.[33]

Europe
  • Pope Benedict XVI (1927–), former leader of the Catholic Church. In addition to his native language, German, he speaks English, Italian, French, Spanish, and Latin, and can read Ancient Greek and Biblical Hebrew.[34]
  • John C. Wells (1939–), British phonetician. He studied Latin and Classical Greek at university, and speaks English, Esperanto, German, Welsh, French, Spanish, Italian, and Modern Greek with varying degrees of fluency. He also has some knowledge of Polish, Russian, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and Japanese.[35]
  • Queen Silvia of Sweden (1943–), spouse of King Carl XVI Gustaf. The daughter of a German father and a Brazilian mother, she speaks German and Portuguese natively. She also knows Spanish, French, English, and Swedish,[36] and has some knowledge of Swedish sign language.[37]
  • Ranga Yogeshwar (1959–), Luxembourgish physicist and science journalist. Speaks Luxembourgish, German, English, French, Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, and Malayalam.[38]
  • Johan Vandewalle (1960–), Belgian linguist. In 1987, at the age of twenty-six, he won the Polyglot of Flanders/Babel Prize, after demonstrating communicative competence in nineteen languages (Arabic, Azerbaijani, Bashkir, Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Kyrgyz, Persian, Russian, Swahili, Tajik, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Tuvan, Uyghur, and Uzbek).[5][39]
  • Frans Timmermans (1961–), Dutch politician. Speaks Dutch, English, German, French, Italian, and Russian.[40]
  • Sigrid Kaag (1961–), Dutch politician. Speaks Dutch, English, German, French, Spanish, and Arabic.[41]
  • José Mourinho (1963–), Portuguese football manager. Speaks Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, French, Catalan, and English.[42]
  • Ioannis Ikonomou (1964–), translator at the European Commission. He speaks thirty-two modern languages, including twenty-one of the twenty-four official languages of the European Union (the three exceptions being Estonian, Maltese, and Irish). Among the other languages that he speaks are Russian, Bengali, Persian, Turkish, Arabic, Hebrew, Amharic, and Mandarin. He has also studied a number of ancient languages, such as Old Church Slavoniic, Classical Armenian, Sanskrit, Sogdian, and Assyro-Babylonian.[43]
  • Connie Nielsen (1965–), Danish actress. Speaks Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, English, German, French, Italian, and some Spanish.[44]
  • Anatoly Moskvin (1966–), Russian linguist, arrested in 2011 after twenty-six mummified bodies were discovered in his home. He has studied thirteen languages.[45]
  • Mikheil Saakashvili (1967–), former president of Georgia. Speaks Georgian, Russian, Ukrainian, English, and French,[46] and has some command of Spanish[47] and Ossetian.[48]
  • Gianni Infantino (1970–), current president of FIFA. Born in Switzerland to Italian parents, he speaks Italian, French, and Swiss German natively. He also knows English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Arabic.[49]
  • Željko Joksimović (1972–), Serbian singer-songwriter. Speaks Serbian, Russian, Polish, Greek, English, and French.[50]
  • Clarence Seedorf (1976–), Dutch former footballer. Speaks Dutch, English, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Surinamese.[51]
  • Richard Simcott (1977–), British language consultant. He speaks sixteen languages (English, French, Spanish, Welsh, German, Macedonian, Swedish, Italian, Serbian/Bosnian/Croatian, Portuguese, Czech, Catalan, Russian, Dutch, Romanian, and Albanian)[52] and can use around thirty languages in total to some degree.[53]
  • Zdeno Chára (1977–), Slovak ice hockey player. Speaks Slovak, Czech, Polish, Russian, Swedish, German, and English.[54]
  • Daniel Tammet (1979–), British author. In his book Born on a Blue Day, he states that he knows ten languages: English, Finnish, French, German, Lithuanian, Esperanto, Spanish, Romanian, Icelandic, and Welsh.[55]
  • Mikel Arteta (1982–), Spanish football manager. Speaks Basque, Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, French, Italian, and English.[56]
  • Ivan Rakitić (1988–), Croatian footballer. Speaks Croatian, English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish.[57]
  • Miralem Pjanić (1990–), Bosnian footballer. Speaks Bosnian, Luxembourgish, German, English, French, and Italian.[58]
  • Romelu Lukaku (1993–), Belgian footballer. Speaks Dutch, English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Lingala.[59]

Oceania
  • Ghil'ad Zuckermann (1971–), Israeli linguist, now living in Australia. He can speak eleven languages, and has some knowledge of eleven more.[60]

Deceased

Antiquity and Middle Ages

Modern age, pre-18th century

18th century
  • Adam František Kollár (1718–1783), a Slovak writer, spoke Slovak, Czech, Serbian, Polish, Rusin, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Hungarian, German, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Turkish, Chinese, Persian, Arabic, Italian, Spanish, Romanian, French, Dutch, and English.[71]
  • Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799) was an Italian mathematician, philosopher, theologian and humanitarian. Agnesi was known as "the seven-language orator" already in her childhood, since she was fluent with Italian, French, Greek, Hebrew, Spanish, German and Latin.
  • Zaharije Orfelin (1726–1785) was a Serbian writer, artist, and polyglot who spoke more than 10 languages, and understood many more.
  • Jovan Rajić (1726–1801) was a Serbian writer and cleric who spoke and wrote in many languages in his time. He was born in the Habsburg Empire where one had to know German, Hungarian, Latin, Italian, Romanian, and all the Slavic languages if one wanted to achieve a standing.
  • Dositej Obradović (1739–1811) was a Serbian writer. Obradović spoke and wrote in German, French, Italian, English, Greek, Albanian, Latin, Turkish, Hungarian, Romanian and all of the Slavic languages, including Russian and Church Slavonic.
  • Sir William Jones (1746–1794), an Anglo-Welsh philologist known for founding comparative linguistics through proposing the existence of a relationship between European and Indian languages (the Indo-European Languages). Alongside his native English and Welsh languages, he learned Greek, Latin, Persian, Arabic, Hebrew and the basics of Chinese writing at an early age. In all, Jones could speak forty-one languages (at least thirteen fluently).[72][73]
  • Noah Webster (1758–1843), a lexicographer, English spelling reformer, and author, mastered twenty-three languages.
  • Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti (1774–1849), an Italian Cardinal, knew the following thirty-nine languages, speaking many fluently and teaching some:[74] Biblical Hebrew, Rabbinical Hebrew, Arabic, Coptic, Ancient Armenian, Modern Armenian, Persian, Turkish, Albanian, Maltese, Ancient Greek, Modern Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Swedish, Danish, Dutch, English, Illyrian, Russian, Polish, Czech, Hungarian, Chinese, Syriac, Ge'ez, Hindustani, Amharic, Gujarati, Basque, Romanian, and Algonquin.
  • Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and sciences, excelled in ancient Greek and Latin at school. Entering university, Gauss considered studying philology.[75] He wrote the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, a groundbreaking work in the field of number theory, in Latin when he was 21. Gauss was known for his language capabilities; he spoke and wrote most of the principal European languages, many others he could read.[76][77] At the age of 62 he started learning Russian and in less than two years wrote and spoke it.[78]
  • Sándor Kőrösi Csoma (1784–1842), a Hungarian philologist and Orientalist, author of the first Tibetan-English dictionary and grammar book, was literate in at least eighteen languages, including Latin, ancient Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, French, German, English, Russian, Slavic, Turkish, Persian, Hindustani, Sanskrit, Tibetan, Bengali, Pashto, Marathi, and probably also Romanian, apart from his native Hungarian.
  • Jean-François Champollion (1790–1832), a French classical scholar, philologist, and orientalist, was the first to decipher the inscription on the Rosetta Stone, an achievement that facilitated the translation of the Egyptian Hieroglyphs—the titles "Father of Egyptology"[79] and "the founder of scientific Egyptology" have since been bestowed upon Champollion.[80] He specialized in Oriental languages while he was a student at the College de France between 1807 and 1809, and his linguistic repertoire eventually consisted of Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, Pahlavi, Arabic, Persian, Coptic, Ethiopic, Zend, and his native French.[79][80][81]
  • John Bowring (1792–1872), an English political economist, traveler, writer, and the fourth governor of Hong Kong. Reputed to have known over two hundred languages, and to have had varying speaking ability in one hundred.
  • Matija Čop (1797–1835) was a Slovenian polymath and linguist, and was said to speak nineteen languages, among which were his native Slovene, Latin, ancient Greek, German, English, French, Italian, Serbian, Polish, Ukrainian, Czech, Spanish, Russian, Portuguese, Hungarian, Occitan and Hebrew.
  • Helmuth von Moltke the Elder (1800–1891) was a brilliant strategist and tactician who had a decisive share in the success of the Kingdom of Prussia in the German Unification Wars, adapting the army to modern times. He achieved this by separating the army on the march and concentrating it at the decisive moment, Getrennt marschieren – vereint schlagen (March separately, strike together), and giving subordinates independence in how to accomplish their goals, Auftragstaktik (Mission-type tactics). He was taciturn, popular called der große Schweiger (the great silent one), although he had an excellent knowledge of languages. It was quipped that he was 'silent in seven languages'. [82] Moltke spoke and wrote German, Danish, French, English, Italian and Turkish.[83]

19th century

1900s
  • Sukarno (1901–1970), Indonesian politician. He spoke Javanese, Sundanese, Balinese, Indonesian, Dutch, German, English, French, Arabic, and Japanese.[121]
  • Steven Runciman (1903–2000), British historian. He began learning French at the age of three, Latin at six, Greek at seven, and Russian at eleven.[122] He also knew Bulgarian and Turkish.[123]
  • Antoun Saadeh (1904–1949), Lebanese political thinker. He spoke Arabic, English, German, Russian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese.[124]
  • Syed Mujtaba Ali (1904–1974), Bangladeshi writer. He knew Bengali, Urdu, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Sanskrit, Persian, Pashto, English, German, French, Italian, and Arabic.[125]
  • S. Srikanta Sastri (1904–1974), Indian historian. He knew fourteen languages, including German, French, Russian, Sanskrit, Pali, Hittite, ancient Greek, and Latin.[126]
  • Pent Nurmekund (1906–1996), Estonian linguist. He could read over eighty languages and could speak a great many of them.[127]
  • Muhammad Hamidullah (1908–2002), stateless scholar. He knew ten languages and published works in seven of them (Urdu, Persian, English, German, French, Arabic, and Turkish).[128]
  • João Guimarães Rosa (1908–1967), Brazilian novelist. He spoke Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, French, English, German, Esperanto, and some Russian, and could read with the aid of a dictionary Swedish, Dutch, Latin, and Greek. He studied the grammar of a number of other languages, including Sanskrit, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Danish, Finnish, Hungarian, Arabic, Hebrew, Japanese, and Tupi.[129]
  • Kató Lomb (1909–2003), Hungarian interpreter. She spoke Hungarian, Russian, German, English, and French, and to a lesser extent Spanish, Italian, Polish, Japanese, and Chinese. She could also translate from Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Ukrainian, Czech, Bulgarian, Romanian, Portuguese, and Latin.[130][131]
  • Uku Masing (1909–1985), Estonian scholar. He reputedly knew around sixty-five languages.[132]

1910s
  • Hugh Nibley (1910–2005), American scholar. He knew fourteen languages.[133]
  • Enoch Powell (1912–1998), British politician and classical scholar. He spoke English, German, French, Italian, modern Greek, and Hindi–Urdu, and had a reading knowledge of Welsh, Russian, Spanish, and Portuguese. Among ancient languages, he knew classical Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Aramaic.[134][135][136]
  • George Campbell (1912–2004), British linguist. He spoke forty-four languages and had a working knowledge of perhaps twenty others.[137][138][139][140][141]
  • Meredith Gardner (1912–2002), American linguist and codebreaker. He spoke German, French, Italian, Spanish, Russian, Lithuanian, and Japanese, and could read Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, Old High German, Middle High German, and Old Church Slavonic.[142][143]
  • Toshihiko Izutsu (1914–1993), Japanese scholar. He knew more than thirty languages, including Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Pali, Russian, Greek, and Chinese.[144][145]
  • Aziz Ahmad (1914–1978), Pakistani novelist. He spoke Urdu, Persian, English, German, French, Italian, Arabic, and Turkish.[146]
  • Nabi Bakhsh Baloch (1917–2011), Pakistani scholar. He wrote in Sindhi, Seraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Persian, English, and Arabic.[147]
  • Henryk Szeryng (1918–1988), Polish violinist. He spoke Polish, English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese.[148]
  • Omeljan Pritsak (1919–2006), Ukrainian scholar. He spoke twelve languages.[149]
  • Shūichi Katō (1919–2008), Japanese scholar. He spoke Japanese, Chinese, English, German, French, and Italian.[150]
  • Fazlur Rahman Malik (1919–1988), Pakistani scholar. In addition to his native language, Urdu, he knew Arabic, Persian, English, German, French, Latin, and classical Greek.[151]

1920s
  • Pope John Paul II (1920–2005), 264th leader of the Catholic Church. In addition to his native language, Polish, he knew Latin, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and German.[152]
  • Ahmad Hasan Dani (1920–2009), Pakistani archaeologist. He spoke fifteen languages, including French, Tamil, and Turkish.[153]
  • Alessandro Bausani (1921–1988), Italian scholar. He had a good knowledge of as many as thirty languages,[154] including Persian, Urdu, Arabic, Turkish, Indonesian, and Basque.[155]
  • P. V. Narasimha Rao (1921–2004), Indian politician. He spoke seventeen languages, including English, German, Spanish, and French.[156]
  • Max Mangold (1922–2015), Swiss linguist. He spoke almost forty languages.[157]
  • Christopher Lee (1922–2015), British actor. He spoke English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish, and had some knowledge of Swedish, Russian, and Greek.[158]
  • Michael Ventris (1922–1956), British architect and decipherer of Linear B. By the age of ten, he spoke English, French, German, Swiss German, and Polish. As an adult, he learnt Russian, Swedish, Danish, Italian, Spanish, modern Greek, and some Turkish.[159]
  • Stephen Wurm (1922–2001), Hungarian-born Australian linguist. "He was a genuine rapid language learner, and before he was 40, was fluent in five of the Germanic languages, five of the Romance languages, three Slavic languages, in Arabic, Swahili, Turkish, Uzbek, Mongol, Mandarin, Tok Pisin, and Police Motu, and could get by in perhaps 30 other languages—over 50 in all."[160]
  • Hans Eberstark (1929–2001), Austrian interpreter. He interpreted into English and German from Dutch, French, Italian, Spanish, and Catalan. He also had some knowledge of Portuguese, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Surinamese Creole, Haitian Creole, Papiamento, Yiddish, several varieties of Swiss German, Albanian, Hebrew, and Amharic.[161]

1930s
  • Barry Farber (1930–2020), American radio host. When inducted into the army, he qualified for work in fourteen languages. He had some knowledge of twenty-five languages in total.[162]
  • George Fernandes (1930–2019), Indian politician. In addition to his mother tongue, Konkani, he spoke Marathi, Hindi, Urdu, English, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, and Tulu. He also knew Latin.[163]
  • P. B. Sreenivas (1930–2013), Indian singer. He spoke eight languages, including Kannada, Urdu, and English.[164]
  • Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (1930–1989), Iranian politician. He spoke Kurdish, Persian, English, German, French, Russian, Czech, Slovak, Turkish, Azerbaijani, and Arabic.[165]
  • Jon Elia (1931–2002), Pakistani poet. He knew Urdu, Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, Hebrew, and English.[166]
  • Kenneth L. Hale (1934–2001), American linguist. He spoke over fifty languages, including Spanish, Portuguese, French, Dutch, Irish, Polish, Basque, Turkish, Hebrew, Chinese, Japanese, Navajo, Jemez, Hopi, Oʼodham, Wômpanâak, Ulwa, Miskitu, Warlpiri, and Lardil.[167][168][169][170][171]

Post-1930s
  • J. Jayalalithaa (1948–2016), Indian politician and actress. She spoke Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, Telugu, Hindi, and English.[172]
  • Sergei Starostin (1953–2005), Russian linguist. He spoke Russian, Polish, English, German, and French, and could read a further thirteen Slavic languages, as well as Chinese, Japanese, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit. Through his research, he had some knowledge of a wide range of other languages.[173]
  • Shahab Ahmed (1966–2015), Pakistani scholar of Islam. He mastered around fifteen languages.[174]

References
  1. Jones, Sam; Hirsch, Afua (11 February 2013). "Who will be the next pope? The contenders for Vatican's top job". The Guardian.
  2. Stuter, Bret. "Former Sixer Dikembe Mutombo Prepares For HOF Induction Ceremony". FanSided.
  3. "Trevor Noah Says He Grew Up 'In The Shadow Of A Giant' (His Mom)". NPR. 22 November 2016.
  4. Vallely, Paul (2013). Pope Francis: Untying the Knots. London: Bloomsbury. p. 22. ISBN 9781472903723.
  5. Erard, Michael (2012). Babel No More: The Search for the World's Most Extraordinary Language Learners. New York: Free Press.
  6. McWhirter, Norris, ed. (1986). 1986 Guinness Book of World Records. New York: Bantam Books. p. 191. ISBN 0-553-25454-5.
  7. Little, Oliver (2 October 2019). "20 languages? Not enough! The polyglot adding Catalan to his résumé". Catalan News.
  8. "How to Learn Any Language". YouTube. 20 August 2020.
  9. Lanyon, Mary-Justine (Winter 2015–2016). "A 'Bad Guy' with a Heart of Gold" (PDF). Lake Arrowhead Magazine. pp. 41–43.
  10. "Toxic Shock TV - Actor Andrew Divoff Interview". Archived from the original on 24 May 2010.
  11. Anderson, Ariston (2 September 2014). "Venice: Viggo Mortensen Talks Mastering New Languages". The Hollywood Reporter.
  12. "Biography of Julie Payette". Canadian Space Agency.
  13. Lim Yan Liang (1 April 2012). "One man, 50 languages" (PDF). The Sunday Times. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 August 2015.
  14. "A Stroll with Alexander Arguelles (For International Mother Language Day)". Writeparagraphs.blogspot.com. 21 February 2014.
  15. "Curriculum Vitae: Dr. Sérgio Meira de Santa Cruz Oliveira" (PDF).
  16. "Mandarín, zulú, griego y todos los idiomas que habla Alberto Lati". Milenio. 13 May 2020.
  17. Erard, Michael (29 April 2019). "Pete Buttigieg's Language Magic Is Textbook Polyglot Mythmaking". The Atlantic.
  18. "Lokesh Chandra New ICCR President". Outlook. 30 October 2014.
  19. 문명을 교류하면 모든 갈등 극복…남북 교류 땐 머잖아 통일 이룰것 (in Korean). 23 November 2014.
  20. ミッキー・カーチス｜ワタナベエンターテインメント (in Japanese). Watanabe Entertainment. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014.
  21. Լևոն Տեր-Պետրոսյան. Av Production (in Armenian).
  22. Hakobyan, Tatul (27 March 2009). "Armenia is a homeland for the Assyrians, who have no homeland". The Armenian Reporter. Archived from the original on 15 April 2009.
  23. "Sri Lanka overjoyed as prelate named cardinal". Catholic News. 7 November 2010. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017.
  24. "Welcome to JRHU: Founder and Chancellor: Brief Profile of Guruji". Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
  25. Maruko, Mami (15 March 2011). "Juggler of two professions in Japan". Japan Times.
  26. "Movies: Kamal, as we know him". Rediff.com.
  27. "8 Indian transgender people who were the firsts in their fields". India Today. 3 July 2018.
  28. "Interview with Her Excellency, Ambassador Naela Chohan". International Association of Hyperpolyglots.
  29. Dutta, Amrita (13 January 2018). "What lies behind the dissent of Prakash Raj?". Indian Express.
  30. "Erməni dilini mükəmməl bilən generalımız - Hikmət Həsənovun doğum günüdür". Femida.az (in Azerbaijani). 9 October 2018.
  31. "Aprel qəhrəmanı: Azərbaycan Ordusunun 5 xarici dil bilən generalı - FOTOLAR". Sumqayitxeber.com (in Azerbaijani). 9 October 2018.
  32. "Interview with Priya Anand". Idlebrain.com. 13 April 2010.
  33. "Генрих Мхитарян: "Каждый получает свой шанс"". Golos Armenii (in Russian). 13 February 2017.
  34. "Pope Benedict XVI: Quick Facts". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from the original on 20 July 2006.
  35. "Professor J.C. WELLS: brief curriculum vitae". University College London.
  36. "Biography". Swedish Royal Court.
  37. "Essener LVR-Schule zu Gast bei Königin Silvia von Schweden". Taubenschlag.de. Archived from the original on 25 April 2010.
  38. Dohnke, Kay (April 2018). "We Need to Change, Pursue New Paths". Schaeffler.
  39. Polyglot of Flanders/Babel Prize certificate, 23 January 1987.
  40. O'Leary, Naomi (16 May 2019). "Frans Timmermans' greatest strength is his greatest weakness". Politico.
  41. Yoon, Sangwon (16 May 2014). "Sigrid Kaag: Woman who's 'more man than any man'". Gulf News.
  42. "Jose Mourinho: Five top facts you might not know". BBC. 26 May 2016.
  43. Rice, Xan (3 August 2015). "The man who speaks 32 languages – and counting". New Statesman.
  44. Vaughan, Brendan (29 January 2007). "A Woman We Love: Connie Nielsen". Esquire.
  45. "Russian historian kept 29 mummified bodies at home, police say". The Guardian. Associated Press. 7 November 2011.
  46. "Profile: Mikhail Saakashvili". BBC. 25 January 2004.
  47. Murray, Don (29 February 2008). "Can bountiful Georgia escape the Russian bear?". CBC. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008.
  48. Smock, John (13 August 2004). "As prospect of South Ossetian conflict grows, Georgia prepares to send troops to Iraq". Eurasianet. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008.
  49. "Gianni Infantino". FIFA.
  50. "Željko Joksimović: Ne promatram se kao da sam zgodan!". Dnevnik.hr (in Croatian). 11 December 2010.
  51. "6 reasons why Clarence Seedorf Is AC Milan's Best Bet". Swide. 17 January 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
  52. Leland, John (9 March 2012). "Adventures of a Teenage Polyglot". New York Times.
  53. Robson, David (29 May 2015). "How to learn 30 languages". BBC.
  54. Bishop, John (21 July 2010). "Bruins by the Numbers: 33". BostonBruins.Com.
  55. Tammet, Daniel (2006). Born on a Blue Day. New York: Free Press. p. 11. ISBN 9781416549017.
  56. Marland, Daniel (19 July 2020). "Mikel Arteta spoke to his Arsenal players in three different languages during Manchester City game". SPORTbible.
  57. Rakitić, Ivan (19 September 2017). "A Croatian Guy Walks into a Bar". The Players' Tribune.
  58. "Miralem Pjanić - a polyglot". Sarajevo Times. 10 April 2013.
  59. Varley, Ciaran (10 June 2020). "Footballer or teacher? The stars who could do both". BBC.
  60. Goldsworthy, Anna (September 2014). "Voices of the Land". The Monthly. Archived from the original on 5 September 2014.
  61. "Mithridates, who was king of twenty-two nations, administered their laws in as many languages, and could harangue each of them, without employing an interpreter:" Pliny the Elder, Natural History, VII, 24.
  62. "she could pass from one language to another; so that there were few of the barbarian nations that she answered by an interpreter; to most of them she spoke herself, as to the Ethiopians, Troglodytes, Hebrews, Arabians, Syrians, Medes, Parthians, and many others, whose language she had learnt; which was all the more surprising because most of the kings, her predecessors, scarcely gave themselves the trouble to acquire the Egyptian tongue, and several of them quite abandoned the Macedonian." Plutarch, Antony, 27.3–4
  63. Rom Landau, Islam and the Arabs, Routledge (2013), p. 147
  64. Cronica, Giovanni Villani Book VI e. 1. (Rose E. Selfe's English translation)
  65. Royal Asiatic Society, Sri Lanka (2004). "Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka". 47–48. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  66. Yong Zhao; Jing Lei; Guofang Li; Ming Fang He; Kaori Okano; Nagwa Megahed; David Gamage; Hema Ramanathan (2010). Handbook of Asian Education: A Cultural Perspective. Routledge. p. 399. ISBN 978-1-136-72129-8.
  67. Himbutana, Gopitha Peiris (29 January 2006). "Ven. Thotagamuwe Sri Rahula Thera Scholar monk par excellence" (PDF). Lake House. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
  68. Disanayaka, Professor. J. B. (20 February 2000). "A taste of Sinhala : What apabbransa are you jabbering?". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
  69. http://www.theottomans.org/english/campaigns_army/Mehmed-the-Conqueror.asp
  70. John Crace (28 January 2008). "John Milton – our greatest word-maker". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  71. Kopčan Vojtech:Adam František Kollár ako orientalista. In: Literárnomuzejný letopis č. 16, Martin, Matica slovenská, 1985, s. 171–178
  72. Edward Said, Orientalism New York: Random House, page 77.
  73. Jones, Sir William (1824). Discourses delivered before the Asiatic Society: and miscellaneous papers, on the religion, poetry, literature, etc., of the nations of India. Printed for C. S. Arnold. p. 28.
  74. C. W. Russel, D.D., 1863, Longman & Green, London
  75. Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen: Gauss zum Gedächtniss , S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1856, p. 15
  76. Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen: Gauss zum Gedächtniss , S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1856, p. 91
  77. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Gassendi, Pierre" to "Geocentric"
  78. Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen: Gauss zum Gedächtniss , S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1856, p. 91f
  79. Jimmy Dunn writing as John Warren (1996–2013). "Jean Francois Champollion: The Father of Egyptology". Tour Egypt. Tour Egypt. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  80. "Jean Francois Champollion and the Rosetta Stone". Translator Interpreter Hall of Fame. Translator Interpreter Hall of Fame. 2000–2003. Archived from the original on 27 February 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  81. E Bruce Brooks (2001). "Gallery of Philologists Jean-François Champollion 23 December 1790 – 4 March 1832". University of Massachusetts Amherst. University of Massachusetts Amherst. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
  82. "Moltke, Helmuth Carl Bernhard, Count von" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 (11th ed.). 1911.
  83. Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, Moltke, Helmuth Graf von, B. v. Poten, Band 52 (1906), , p. 457
  84. Bell, E.T. (2014). Men of Mathematics. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781476784250.
  85. Janusz Fedirko: Szalony plan wyzwolenia Polski, cz. I, "Alma Mater", 2008 r., nr. 102–104 .
  86. E. H. Blakeney, "The Greatest Linguist", The Observer, 15 December 1929, p. 9.
  87. Morais, Henry Samuels (1880). Eminent Israelites of the Nineteenth Century: A Series of Biographical Sketches. Philadelphia: E. Stern & Company. pp. 71–74.
  88. Paul Lafargue; Jacques Bonhomme (15 August 1905). "Frederick Engels". Marxists Internet Archive (from The Social Democrat journal). Marxists Internet Archive. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  89. McLynn, Frank (1990), Of No Country: An Anthology of the Works of Sir Richard Burton, Scribner's, pp. 5–6.
    • Carvalho, José Murilo de (2007). D. Pedro II: ser ou não ser (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. ISBN 978-85-359-0969-2.
    • Olivieri, Antonio Carlos (1999). Dom Pedro II, Imperador do Brasil (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Callis. ISBN 978-85-86797-19-4.
    • Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz (1998). As barbas do Imperador: D. Pedro II, um monarca nos trópicos (in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. ISBN 978-85-7164-837-1.
    • Besouchet, Lídia (1993). Pedro II e o Século XIX (in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira. ISBN 978-85-209-0494-7.
    • Lira, Heitor (1977). História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Ascenção (1825–1870) (in Portuguese). 1. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia.
  91. Robert Elsie (24 December 2012). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. I.B.Tauris. pp. 459–461. ISBN 978-1-78076-431-3.
  92. Winchester, Simon (2003). The Meaning of Everything: The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press.
  93. Sohail H. Hashmi in Just Wars, Holy Wars, and Jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges, Oxford University Press (2012), p. 307
  94. Robert Elsie (2005). Albanian Literature: A Short History. I.B.Tauris. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84511-031-4
  95. Nicholas, Jean (2010). Complete Works, selected letters. Chicago: University of Chicago.
  96. Robb, Graham (2001). Rimbaud: A Biography. United States of America: W.W. Norton.
  97. Arax, Mark; Wartzman, Rick (15 February 2003). The King Of California: J.G. Boswell and the Making of A Secret American Empire. 2. PublicAffairs. pp. 63–67. ISBN 978-1586482817.
  98. John J. O'Neill (May 2009). Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla. Lulu.com. pp. 282–284. ISBN 978-1-4421-7396-5.
  99. Andrei Medina (19 June 2012). "Jose Rizal a revered hero abroad, not just PHL". GMA News. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
  100. Zaide, Gregorio (1999). Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings. Manila, Philippines: All Nations Publishing Co., Inc.
  101. "Rizal and Language". Filipinaslibrary.org.ph. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  102. Jägerskiöld, Stig (1986). Mannerheim: Marshal of Finland. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0-8166-1527-6.
  103. Screen, J. E. O. (2000). Mannerheim: The Finnish Years. London: Hurst. ISBN 1-85065-573-1.
  104. Ryan, Desmond (1924). James Connolly: His Life, Work and Writings. Dublin: Talbot Press. p. 69. ASIN B007T0SX30.
  105. Metin Heper & Nur Bilge Criss, Historical Dictionary of Turkey, Scarecrow Press (2009), p. 43
  106. Hakan Ozoglu, From Caliphate to Secular State, ABC-CLIO (2011), p. 48
  107. Krymsky, Ahatanhel. Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
  108. Heehs, Peter (2008). The Lives of Sri Aurobindo. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-231-14098-0.
  109. "Harold Williams VOICE OF THE WORLD". The New Zealand Edge. NZEDGE.COM IP HOLDINGS LIMITED. 1998–2011. Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  110. Աճառյան Հրաչյա (in Armenian). Armenian Encyclopedia.
  111. Maurice Friedman, Martin Buber's Life and Work, Wayne State University Press (1988), p. 8
  112. Erik Ritter von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, "The Cultural Background of Ludwig von Mises", The Ludwig von Mises Institute, p. 1
  113. "Which languages did James Joyce know?". ask.metafilter.com. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
  114. Fedirko, Janusz. 2008. Fenomenalny Multilingwista Professor Andrzej Gawroński (1885–1927). Alma Mater nr 2 (100), miesięcznik Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
  115. Shruti Kapila, An Intellectual History for India, Cambridge University Press (2010), p. 82
  116. Duiker, William J. (2000). Ho Chi Minh: A Life. Hyperion. ISBN 978-0-7868-8701-9.
  117. "Académiciens". Académie des sciences dʼoutre-mer (in French). Retrieved 29 November 2020.
  118. Sharma, R.S. (2009). Rethinking India's Past. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-569787-2.
  119. Mohan Lal, Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature : Sasay to Zorgot, Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4199
  120. Sperling, Abraham Paul (1947). Psychology for the Millions. New York: Frederick Fell. pp. 332–339. Retrieved 26 November 2014.
  121. Ludwig, Arnold M. (2002). King of the Mountain: The Nature of Political Leadership. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2233-3.
  122. "Obituary: Sir Steven Runciman". The Times. 2 November 2000. Archived from the original on 21 April 2003.
  123. Mansel, Philip (2 November 2000). "Obituary: Steven Runciman". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 April 2003.
  124. Abifadel, Rabi'a (2007). "Sa'adeh: The Expatriate Critic and Man of Letters". In Beshara, Adel (ed.). Antun Sa'adeh: The Man, His Thought: An Anthology. Reading: Ithaca Press. p. 442. ISBN 9780863723087.
  125. "A Man of Many Hues". The Daily Star. 11 February 2014.
  126. "Official Website of Dr S. Srikanta Sastri, M.A., D. Litt (1904–1974)".
  127. Gethin, Amorey; Gunnemark, Erik V. (1996). The Art and Science of Learning Languages. Oxford: Intellect Books. p. 318. ISBN 1-871516-48-X.
  128. Parekh, Rauf (14 December 2009). "Dr Hamidullah: a silent soldier, rare scholar". Dawn.
  129. "Entrevista: João Guimarães Rosa por Lenice Guimarães de Paula Pitanguy". Germina: Revista De Literatura & Arte (in Portuguese).
  130. Lomb, Kató (2008). Polyglot: How I Learn Languages (PDF). Berkeley & Kyoto: TESL-EJ Publications. p. xvii. ISBN 978-1-60643-706-3.
  131. Lomb, Kató (2018). Harmony of Babel: Profiles of Famous Polyglots of Europe (PDF). Berkeley & Kyoto: TESL-EJ Publications. pp. 149–150. ISBN 978-1-5323-6611-6.
  132. "Uku Masing - Writer, theologian, philologist". Eesti Välisministeerium. 14 August 2003. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009.
  133. Oliver, Myrna (2 March 2005). "Hugh Nibley, 94; Mormon Scholar, Professor and Author". Los Angeles Times.
  134. Heffer, Simon (1998). Like the Roman: The Life of Enoch Powell. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
  135. "Enoch Powell: John Enoch Powell, political maverick, died on February 8th, aged 85". The Economist. 12 February 1998. Archived from the original on 16 February 2019.
  136. Cosgrave, Patrick (9 February 1998). "Obituary: Enoch Powell". The Independent.
  137. Holley, Joe (20 December 2004). "George Campbell Dies; Spoke 44 Languages". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 26 July 2008.
  138. Holley, Joe (21 December 2004). "George Campbell, fluent in 44 languages". The Boston Globe.
  139. Holley, Joe (21 December 2004). "George L. Campbell, 92; Fluent in More Than 40 Languages". Los Angeles Times.
  140. "George Campbell, linguist". The Scotsman. 21 December 2004.
  141. "George Campbell". The Herald. 27 January 2005.
  142. Barnes, Bart (21 August 2002). "Meredith K. Gardner, 89; Cracked Codes to Unmask Key Soviet Spies". Los Angeles Times.
  143. Simkin, John (January 2020). "Meredith Gardner". Spartacus Educational.
  144. "Japanese religion expert Toshihiko Izutsu under spotlight in "The Eastern"". Tehran Times. 10 July 2018.
  145. Muzaqqi (2016). "Semantic Approaches in Islamic Studies: The Review of Toshihiko Izutsu's Thought". Pedagogik: Jurnal Pendidikan. 4 (1): 45–53.
  146. Parekh, Rauf (17 December 2012). "Aziz Ahmed, literary research and controversies". Dawn.
  147. Parekh, Rauf (23 November 2009). "Dr Nabi Bukhsh Baloch: a nonagenarian scholar". Dawn.
  148. Wise, Brian (22 January 2018). "Violinist Henryk Szeryng Was Both an Accomplished Violinist & Diplomat". Strings.
  149. "Omeljan Pritsak, noted scholar of Ukraine, is dead at 87". Associated Press. 3 June 2006.
  150. Hassan, Ihab (1996). Between the Eagle and the Sun: Traces of Japan. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. p. 73. ISBN 0-8173-0819-9.
  151. Masud, Muhammad Khalid; Naqvi, Ali Raza; Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1988). "In Memorium: Dr. Fazlur Rahman (1919–1988)". Islamic Studies. 27 (4): 390–400. JSTOR 20839922.
  152. Celeste, Sofia (15 April 2005). "Language may be key for next pope: John Paul II's abilities set high standard". The Boston Globe.
  153. Joffe, Lawrence (31 March 2009). "Ahmad Hasan Dani". The Guardian.
  154. Quinn, Sholeh (2003). "Review: Religion in Iran: From Zoroaster to Baha'ullah, Alessandro Bausani, trans. J. M. Marchesi". Iranian Studies. 36 (1): 103–106. doi:10.1080/021086032000062866. JSTOR 4311495. S2CID 161069401.
  155. Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia (7 April 2008). "Bausani, Alessandro". Encyclopædia Iranica.
  156. Brown, Derek (24 December 2004). "PV Narasimha Rao". The Guardian.
  157. Dogil, Grzegorz (2009). "Beyond Talent: A Short Language Biography of Prof. Max Mangold". In Dogil, Grzegorz; Reiterer, Susanne Maria (eds.). Language Talent and Brain Activity. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. p. 352. ISBN 9783110215496.
  158. Wills, Dominic. "Christopher Lee Biography". Tiscali. Archived from the original on 6 January 2002.
  159. A Very English Genius. BBC. 2002.
  160. Pawley, Andrew (2002). "Stephen Wurm, 1922–2001: Linguist Extraordinaire". Oceanic Linguistics. 41 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1353/ol.2002.0026. JSTOR 3623325. S2CID 144577922.
  161. Bernstein, Jeremy (1996). A Theory for Everything. New York: Copernicus. pp. 205–207. ISBN 0-387-94700-0.
  162. Farber, Barry (1991). How to Learn Any Language Quickly, Easily, Inexpensively, Enjoyably, and On Your Own. New York: Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-1271-7.
  163. Rajamani, R. C. (15 August 2004). "George Fernandes, Socialist Who Speaks Many Tongues". Asian Tribune.
  164. Khajane, Muralidhara (15 April 2013). "P.B. Sreenivas was the voice of Rajkumar". The Hindu.
  165. Fatehi, Tara (27 September 2012). "Dr Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou". Medya Magazine. Archived from the original on 9 September 2016.
  166. Warsi, Ali (8 November 2017). "Jaun Elia - An anarchist, a nihilist, and a poet". Dunya News.
  167. "Kenneth Hale: Kenneth Locke Hale, a master of languages, died on October 8th, aged 67". The Economist. 1 November 2001. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012.
  168. Keyser, Jay (10 November 2001). "Kenneth Hale: The master of more than 50 languages, he fought to protect vanishing native traditions". The Guardian.
  169. Yengoyan, Aram A. (2003). "Kenneth L. Hale (1934–2001)". American Anthropologist. 105 (1): 222–225. doi:10.1525/aa.2003.105.1.222. JSTOR 3567366.
  170. Ross, John Robert; et al. (2002). "Remembering Kenneth L. Hale (1934–2001)" (PDF). Linguistic Typology. 6 (2): 137–153. doi:10.1515/lity.2002.005.
  171. "Kenneth Hale. 2000. (Parte 1)". YouTube. 25 December 2015.
  172. "Jayalalithaa to debut in Hindi for campaigns". The Economic Times. 8 April 2007.
  173. Woodward, Richard B. (2006). "The Man Who Loved Languages". The American Scholar. 75 (4): 44–57. JSTOR 41222651.
  174. Feldman, Noah (20 September 2015). "An Extraordinary Scholar Redefined Islam". Bloomberg.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.