List of presidents of Italy

Below is a list of the presidents of the Italian Republic with the title Presidente della Repubblica since 1948. The Quirinal Palace (known in Italian as the Quirinale) in Rome is the official residence of the president of the Italian Republic. The 12 Presidents came from only six of the 20 Regions: three each from Campania (all born in Naples) and Piedmont, two each from Sardinia (both born in Sassari) and Tuscany and one each from Liguria and Sicily. No woman has held the office yet.

Election

The president of the Republic is elected by Parliament in a joint session of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. In addition, the 20 regions of Italy appoint 58 representatives as special electors. Three representatives come from each region, save for the small Aosta Valley which appoints one, so as to guarantee representation for all localities and minorities.

According to the Constitution, the election must be held in the form of secret ballot, with the 315 senators, the 630 deputies and the 58 regional representatives all voting. A two-thirds vote is required to elect on any of the first three rounds of balloting and after that a majority suffices. The election is presided over by the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies, who calls for the public counting of the votes. The vote is held in the Palazzo Montecitorio, home of the Chamber of Deputies, which is expanded and re-configured for the event.

The president assumes office after having taken an oath before Parliament and delivering a presidential address. Presidents are elected to serve a seven-year term. Giorgio Napolitano is the only president to be elected to a second term.

Presidents of the Italian Republic (1946–present)

PLI DC PSDI PSI DS Independent
N.	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Term of office			Party		Election	Prime Ministers
N.	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)				Party		Election	Prime Ministers
Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Enrico De Nicola (1877–1959)	1 January 1948	12 May 1948	121 days		Italian Liberal Party	1946	De Gasperi
2		Luigi Einaudi (1874–1961)	12 May 1948	11 May 1955	6 years, 364 days		Italian Liberal Party	1948	De Gasperi Pella Fanfani Scelba
3		Giovanni Gronchi (1887–1978)	11 May 1955	11 May 1962	7 years, 0 days		Christian Democracy	1955	Scelba Segni Zoli Fanfani Segni Tambroni
4		Antonio Segni (1891–1972)	11 May 1962	6 December 1964[lower-alpha 1]	2 years, 209 days		Christian Democracy	1962	Fanfani Leone Moro
5		Giuseppe Saragat (1898–1988)	29 December 1964	29 December 1971	7 years, 0 days		Italian Democratic Socialist Party	1964	Moro Leone Rumor Colombo
6		Giovanni Leone (1908–2001)	29 December 1971	15 June 1978[lower-alpha 2]	6 years, 168 days		Christian Democracy	1971	Colombo Andreotti Rumor Moro Andreotti
7		Sandro Pertini (1896–1990)	9 July 1978	29 June 1985[lower-alpha 3]	6 years, 361 days		Italian Socialist Party	1978	Andreotti Cossiga Forlani Spadolini Fanfani Craxi
8		Francesco Cossiga (1928–2010)	3 July 1985	28 April 1992[lower-alpha 4]	6 years, 300 days		Christian Democracy	1985	Craxi Fanfani Goria De Mita Andreotti
9		Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1918–2012)	28 May 1992	15 May 1999[lower-alpha 3]	6 years, 352 days		Christian Democracy	1992	Amato Ciampi Berlusconi Dini Prodi D'Alema
10		Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1920–2016)	18 May 1999	15 May 2006[lower-alpha 3]	6 years, 362 days		Independent[lower-alpha 5]	1999	D'Alema Amato Berlusconi
11		Giorgio Napolitano (born 1925)	15 May 2006	14 January 2015[lower-alpha 6]	8 years, 244 days		Democrats of the Left / Independent	2006	Prodi Berlusconi Monti Letta Renzi
11		Giorgio Napolitano (born 1925)	15 May 2006	14 January 2015[lower-alpha 6]	8 years, 244 days		Democrats of the Left / Independent	2013	Prodi Berlusconi Monti Letta Renzi
12		Sergio Mattarella (born 1941)	3 February 2015	Incumbent	6 years, 5 days		Independent[lower-alpha 7]	2015	Renzi Gentiloni Conte

Timeline

Substitute of the head of state

The Acting President of the Republic (Italian: Presidente supplente della Repubblica) is an office not explicitly provided for in the Italian Constitution, but deriving from the provision contained in the article 86.[1] On various occasions, officials had to intercede in the absence of a head of state (notably in the case of a president's resignation or ill health). Only Enrico De Nicola, who was elected to be provisional head of state by the Constitutional Assembly on 28 June 1946, had an official title and took residence in the Quirinal Palace.[2] The others took the powers, but not the title of Head of State. After the adoption of the Italian Constitution in 1948, the president of the Senate is eligible to take the powers of head of state in case of absence of the President of the Republic.

DC PLI PRI PPI PD Independent
Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Term of office			Party		Election	Notes
Portrait	Name (Born–Died)				Party		Election	Notes
Took office	Left office	Time in office
Provisional Head of State
	Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954)	12 June 1946	28 June 1946	16 days		Christian Democracy	—	[lower-alpha 8]
	Enrico De Nicola (1877–1959)	28 June 1946	31 December 1947	1 year, 186 days		Italian Liberal Party	1946	[lower-alpha 9]
Acting President of Italy
	Cesare Merzagora (1898–1991)	6 December 1964	29 December 1964	23 days		Independent	—	[lower-alpha 10]
	Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	15 June 1978	9 July 1978	24 days		Christian Democracy	—	[lower-alpha 11]
	Francesco Cossiga (1928–2010)	29 June 1985	3 July 1985	4 days		Christian Democracy	—	[lower-alpha 12]
	Giovanni Spadolini (1925–1994)	28 April 1992	28 May 1992	30 days		Italian Republican Party	—	[lower-alpha 13]
	Nicola Mancino (1931–)	15 May 1999	18 May 1999	3 days		Italian People's Party	—	[lower-alpha 14]
	Pietro Grasso (1945–)	14 January 2015	3 February 2015	20 days		Democratic Party	—	[lower-alpha 15]

Living former presidents of Italy

There is one living former Italian president:

Giorgio Napolitano
(age 95)
2006–2015

Notes

Resigned due to health reasons.
Resigned due to a bribery scandal.
Resigned in order to bring forward the inauguration ceremony of the President-elect.
Resigned in order to favor the resolution of the political crisis after the 1992 general election.
Ciampi was a member of the Action Party, which was dissolved in 1947.
Resigned due to age reasons.
Mattarella was a member of the Christian Democracy, of the Italian People's Party, of The Daisy and of the Democratic Party, but he quit political commitment when he left the Parliament in 2008.
De Gasperi exercised the powers of provisional head of state as Prime Minister of Italy between the departure of King Umberto II on 12 June 1946 and the proclamation of Enrico De Nicola as head of state by the Constitutional Assembly on 28 June 1946.
De Nicola was the only provisional president who had the title and not only the powers of provisional head of state. He assumed the office on 28 June 1946 and officially became the president of the Republic on 1 January 1948 as ordered by the new Constitution.
Merzagora, as President of the Senate, assumed temporary powers for President Antonio Segni after his cerebral hemorrhage of 10 August 1964 and assumed full powers after his resignation of 6 December and until 29 December 1964.
Fanfani, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Giovanni Leone after his resignation for a bribery scandal on 15 June 1978. He exercised the powers until 9 July 1978.
Cossiga, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Sandro Pertini on 29 June 1985, just four days before taking office as President.
Spadolini, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Francesco Cossiga on 28 April 1992. He exercised the powers until 28 May 1992.
Mancino, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro on 15 May 1999. He exercised the powers until 18 May 1999.
Grasso, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Giorgio Napolitano on 14 January 2015. He exercised the powers until 3 February 2015.

References

Articolo 86, Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana, Brocardi
Decreto legislativo luogotenenziale, www.paralex.it

External links

(in Italian) Presidenza della Repubblica – official site of the president of Italian Republic

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[1] Resigned due to health reasons.

[2] Resigned due to a bribery scandal.

[speed-3] Resigned in order to bring forward the inauguration ceremony of the President-elect.

[4] Resigned in order to favor the resolution of the political crisis after the 1992 general election.

[5] Ciampi was a member of the Action Party, which was dissolved in 1947.

[6] Resigned due to age reasons.

[7] Mattarella was a member of the Christian Democracy, of the Italian People's Party, of The Daisy and of the Democratic Party, but he quit political commitment when he left the Parliament in 2008.

[10] De Gasperi exercised the powers of provisional head of state as Prime Minister of Italy between the departure of King Umberto II on 12 June 1946 and the proclamation of Enrico De Nicola as head of state by the Constitutional Assembly on 28 June 1946.

[11] De Nicola was the only provisional president who had the title and not only the powers of provisional head of state. He assumed the office on 28 June 1946 and officially became the president of the Republic on 1 January 1948 as ordered by the new Constitution.

[12] Merzagora, as President of the Senate, assumed temporary powers for President Antonio Segni after his cerebral hemorrhage of 10 August 1964 and assumed full powers after his resignation of 6 December and until 29 December 1964.

[13] Fanfani, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Giovanni Leone after his resignation for a bribery scandal on 15 June 1978. He exercised the powers until 9 July 1978.

[14] Cossiga, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Sandro Pertini on 29 June 1985, just four days before taking office as President.

[15] Spadolini, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Francesco Cossiga on 28 April 1992. He exercised the powers until 28 May 1992.

[16] Mancino, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro on 15 May 1999. He exercised the powers until 18 May 1999.

[17] Grasso, as President of the Senate, assumed powers from President Giorgio Napolitano on 14 January 2015. He exercised the powers until 3 February 2015.

[8] Articolo 86, Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana, Brocardi

[9] Decreto legislativo luogotenenziale, www.paralex.it

Presidents of Italy
List List by time in office List by longevity
Presidents	Enrico De Nicola Luigi Einaudi Giovanni Gronchi Antonio Segni Giuseppe Saragat Giovanni Leone Sandro Pertini Francesco Cossiga Oscar Luigi Scalfaro Carlo Azeglio Ciampi Giorgio Napolitano Sergio Mattarella
Acting	Cesare Merzagora Amintore Fanfani Francesco Cossiga Giovanni Spadolini Nicola Mancino Pietro Grasso