List of wars involving Mongolia

The following is an incomplete list of major wars fought by Mongolia, by Mongolian people or regular armies during periods when independent Mongolian states existed, from antiquity to the present day.

The list gives the name, the date, combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

  Mongolian victory
  Mongolian defeat
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict

Xiongnu

This section contains list of wars involving Xiongnu and its state located on the territory of modern Mongolia.

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
9th century BC Xiongnu raid on the Zhou Xiongnu Zhou Dynasty Defeat
4th–3rd century BC Xiongnu raid on the Zhao Xiongnu Zhao (state) Defeat
215 BC Qin's campaign against the Xiongnu Xiongnu Qin Dynasty Defeat
209 BC The war against Donghu Xiongnu Donghu Victory
200 BC Battle of Baideng Xiongnu Han Dynasty Victory
3rd century BC The first war against Yuezhi Xiongnu Yuezhi Different results
2nd century BC The second war against the Yuezhi Xiongnu Yuezhi Victory
133 BC – 89 AD Han–Xiongnu War Xiongnu Han Dynasty Defeat
48–55 War of Northern and Southern Xiongnu Northern Xiongnu Southern Xiongnu Stabilization of relations

Mongolian Tribes

This section contains list of wars involving Xianbei, Wuhuan, Wusun and other Mongol tribes.

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
2nd century Wuhuan Uprising Wuhuan Northern Xiongnu Wuhuan Victory
93 Battle of Ikh Bayan Xianbei Xiongnu Xianbei Victory.
97–130 Raids on cities Liaodong Peninsula Xianbei Han Dynasty Unclear
117 Xianbei Conflict with Wusun Xianbei Wusun Xianbei Defeat.
119 Raid on Ma-chen-sai Xianbei Xiongnu Defeat.
122 The attack on Yanmen and Dingxiang Xianbei Han Dynasty Defeat.
123 Attack's on Northern Xiongnu Xianbei Xiongnu Victory
155 Dismemberment Xiongnu Xianbei
Han Dynasty		 Xiongnu Victory. Xiongnu destroyed on four parts.
2nd century Xianbei-Buyeo conflict Xianbei Buyeo Victory
2nd century Tanshihuay's campaign against Wusun Xianbei Wusun Xianbei Victory
177 Xia Yu, Bian Yan and Tsang Ming campaign against Xianbei. Xianbei Han Dynasty Victory
2nd–3rd century Helyan's raid on China. Xianbei Han Dynasty Defeat.

Rouran Khaganate

This section contains list of wars involving Rouran Khaganate

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
508–540 Rouran-Tiele people wars Rouran Khaganate Tiele people Victory
554–555 Rouran-Turkic war Rouran Khaganate First Turkic Khaganate Defeat. Destruction of Rouran Khaganate.

Liao Empire|Liao Dynasty

This section contains list of wars involving Liao Dynasty

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
906–926 The conquest of the Balhae State Liao Dynasty Balhae Victory. Destruction of Balhae State.
923–936 The proxy war with the Later Tang Liao Dynasty Later Tang Victory
993 First conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War Liao Dynasty Kingdom of Goryeo Victory
1010–1011 Second conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War Liao Dynasty Kingdom of Goryeo Victory
1019 Third conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War Liao Dynasty Kingdom of Goryeo Defeat
1114–1125 Jin-Khitan war Liao Dynasty Jin dynasty (1115–1234) Defeat. Liao Empire destroyed.

Mongol Empire

This section contains list of wars involving Mongol Empire

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1187 Battle of Dalan Balzhat Genghis Khan Jamukha Genghis Khan defeat
1201 Battle of the Thirteen sides Genghis Khan Jamukha Genghis Khan victory
1201–1205 Conquest Forest Peoples (Southern Siberia) Mongols Forest Peoples Victory
1205–1210 Mongol conquest of Western Xia Mongols Western Xia Victory
1209 Mongol invasion of Kingdom of Qocho Mongol Empire Kingdom of Qocho Victory
1211–1234 Mongol conquest of the Jin Empire Mongol Empire Jin Empire Victory
1216–1218 Mongol conquest of the Qara Khitai Mongol Empire Qara Khitai Victory
1220–1223 The Mongol conquest of Cumania Mongol Empire Kipchaks Victory
1220–1238 Mongol invasions of Georgia Mongol Empire Kingdom of Georgia Victory
1220–1236 Mongol invasions of Armenia Mongol Empire Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Victory
1221–1225 First Mongol invasions of India Mongol Empire Punjab
Sindh
Kerman		 Victory
1223–1240 Mongol invasion of Rus Mongol Empire Vladimir-Suzdal
Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia
Novgorod Republic
Smolensk
Rostov
Chernigov
Ryazan
Pereyaslavl		 Victory
1223, 1229–1230, 1236 The Mongol invasions of Volga Bulgaria Mongol Empire Volga Bulgaria Victory
1225–1227 Punitive expedition in Western Xia Mongol Empire Western Xia Victory
1231 First Mongol invasion of Korea Mongol Empire Kingdom of Goryeo Eventual Victory
1232 Second Mongol invasion of Korea Mongol Empire Kingdom of Goryeo Defeat
1235–1239 Third Mongol invasion of Korea Mongol Empire Kingdom of Goryeo Victory
14th century Mongol invasion of Tibet Mongol Empire Tibet Victory.
1235–1279 Mongol conquest of Song China Mongol Empire Song dynasty Victory
1235–1241 Mongol conquest of Kashmir Mongol Empire Kashmir
Deli Sultanate		 Victory
1237–1253 First Mongol invasions of Dzurdzuketia Mongol Empire Chechens
Ingush
Ossetians
Lezgins
Avars
Alans		 Defeat
1240–1241 First Mongol invasion of Poland Mongol Empire Kingdom of Poland

Knights Templar
Teutonic Knights
Knights Hospitaller		 Victory
1241–1243 Mongol invasion of Anatolia Mongol Empire Sultanate of Rum
Georgian auxiliaries
Trapezuntine auxiliaries
Latin mercenaries		 Victory
1242 First Mongol invasion of Hungary Mongol Empire Kingdom of Hungary Victory
1242 Mongol invasion of the Bulgarian Empire Mongol Empire Bulgarian Empire Victory
1242 Mongol invasion of Serbia Mongol Empire Serbia Victory
1242 Fourth Mongol invasion of Korea Mongol Empire Kingdom of Goryeo Victory
1253 Second Mongol invasions of Dzurdzuketia Mongol Empire Chechens
Ingush
Ossetians
Lezgins
Avars
Alans		 Victory
1253 Mongolian conquest of Dali Kingdom Mongol Empire Dali Kingdom Victory
1254–1255 Kashmir uprising Mongol Empire Kashmir rebels Uprising crushed
1255 Fifth the Mongol invasion of Korea Mongol Empire Kingdom of Goryeo Victory
1257–1258 The Mongol invasion in the Abbasid Caliphate Mongol Empire Abbasid Caliphate Victory
1257–1258 First Mongol invasion of Delhi Sultanate Mongol Empire Delhi Sultanate Peaceful agreement
1257–1258 Dai Viet-Mongol War Mongol Empire Tran Dynasty
Champa		 Defeat
1258 Sixth Mongol invasion of Korea Mongol Empire Kingdom of Goryeo Peaceful agreement
1259–1260 Second Mongol invasion of Poland Mongol Empire Polish states Victory
1260 The Mongol invasion of Syria Ilkhanate of the Mongol Empire
Kingdom of England
Knights Templar
Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (1259–1264)		 Mamluk Sultanate
Ayyubids
Golden Horde of the Mongol Empire (after 1264)
Karamanid rebels
Abbasid Caliphate		 Military Defeat
1274 First Mongol invasion of Japan Mongol Empire Kamakura Japan Defeat
1281 Second Mongol invasion of Japan Mongol Empire Kamakura Japan Defeat
1293–1298 Second Mongol invasion of Delhi Sultanate Mongol Empire Delhi Sultanate Defeat

Mongolian States

This section contains list of wars involving different Mongolian states existed between the 13th and 14th centuries.

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1252–1254 Kuremsa raid on East Volyn Golden Horde Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia Defeat
1275–1276 Ruthenians and Mongols winter raid to Lithuania Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
Golden Horde		 Grand Duchy of Lithuania Defeat
1262 Berke–Hulagu war Golden Horde Ilkhanate Inconclusive
1268–1301 Kaidu–Kublai war Yuan dynasty
Ilkhanate		 Chagatai Khanate
Golden Horde		 Inconclusive
1277–1278 First Mongol invasion of Burma Yuan dynasty Pagan Empire Victory
1282–1284 The Mongol invasion of Champa Yuan dynasty Champa Military Defeat
1285 Dai Viet-Mongol War Yuan dynasty Tran dynasty Military Defeat
1285–1286 Second Mongol invasion of Hungary Golden Horde Kingdom of Hungary Defeat
1287–1288 Third Mongol invasion of Poland Golden Horde
Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia		 Kingdom of Poland
Kingdom of Hungary		 Defeat
1287–1288 Third Mongol invasion of Vietnam Yuan dynasty Tran dynasty Defeat
1287–1288 Mongol invasion of Java Yuan dynasty Majapahit Empire
Kingdom of Singhasari
Kediri Kingdom		 Defeat
1351–1368 Red Turban Rebellion Yuan dynasty Red Turban Army Defeat.Destruction of Yuan dynasty.
1380 Combining Blue-Horde and White-Horde Wings of the Golden Horde Wings of the Golden Horde Inconclusive
1380s and early 1390s Tokhtamysh–Timur war Golden Horde Timurid Empire Defeat
1380–1480 The overthrow of the Mongol domination in Moscow Golden Horde Grand Duchy of Moscow Defeat

Post-imperial Mongolia

This section contains list of wars involving different post-imperial Mongolian states (Northern Yuan Dynasty, Dzungar Khanate, Four Oirat)

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1388–1399 Rise of the Oirats Northern Yuan Dynasty Four Oirat Defeat. Creating a Western Mongolian state
1409 Battle of Kherlen Northern Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Victory
1409–1412 First campaign Yongle Emperor's against the Mongols Northern Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Defeat
1413–1414 Second campaign Yongle Emperor's against the Mongols Northern Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Defeat
1422 Third campaign Yongle Emperor's against the Mongols Northern Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Defeat
1423 Fourth campaign Yongle Emperor's against the Mongols Northern Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Defeat
1424 Fifth campaign Yongle Emperor's against the Mongols Northern Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Defeat
1449 Tumu Crisis Oirats Ming Dynasty Victory
1479–1510 Second concatenate Mongolian tribes Dayan Khan coalition Various Taishis Victory. Unification of the Mongols
1500–1501 Raid Dayan Khan on Ningxia Northern Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Defeat
1501–1507 Northern Yuan-Ming Dynasty War Northern Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Eventual Victory
1538 Uriankhai uprising Northern Yuan Dynasty Uriankhai The revolt is suppressed
1542 Dayan Khan deathbed clash with Chinese troops Northern Yuan Dynasty Ming Dynasty Victory
1600–1635 Manchu conquest of Northern Yuan Northern Yuan Dynasty Later Jin Defeat. The Fall of the Northern Yuan.
1652–1718 Zunghar-Kazakh War Dzungar Khanate Kazakh Khanate Initial victory, later defeat
1687–1698 First Dzungar-Manchu War Dzungar Khanate Qing dynasty Defeat
1668 Siege of Selenga prison Mongol Tribes
Qing dynasty		 Cossack
Tsardom of Russia		 Defeat
1715–1739 Second Dzungar-Manchu War Dzungar Khanate Qing dynasty Peaceful agreement
1755–1759 Third Dzungar-Manchu War Dzungar Khanate Qing dynasty Defeat. Capture Dzungar Khanate.

Beginning of the 20th century

This section contains list of wars involving different Mongolian states existed in the first half of the 20th century (Mongolia (1911–24), Buryat-Mongolia, Tuva).

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1911-1912 Mongolian Revolution of 1911 Bogd Khanate of Mongolia  Qing dynasty China Victory. Establishment of an independent Mongolia.
1914–1915 Mongolia - China conflict Bogd Khanate of Mongolia  Republic of China Defeat.
1917–1923 Russian Civil War — Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War Buryat-Mongolia
Green Ukraine		 White Movement
----
Red Army		 Defeat.
1919–1921 Occupation of Mongolia Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
Buryat-Mongolia
White Movement		  Republic of China Later victory.
* Mongolia military defeat
* Asiatic Cavalry Division liberated Mongolia of 1921
1921 Mongolian Revolution of 1921 Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
White Movement		 RPGOM
Red Army		 The defeat of the government forces.
* Creation of the Mongolian People's Republic

Mongolian People's Republic

This section contains list of wars involving Mongolian People's Republic (and Japanese puppet state Inner Mongolia)

Date Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Result
1935–1937 Suiyuan Campaign  Mongol Military Government
 Japan		  China Defeat
1939 Battles of Khalkhin Gol  Soviet Union
 Mongolian People's Republic		  Empire of Japan
 Manchukuo		 Victory
1939–1945
(Mongolia only in 1945)		 World War II
in the Soviet–Japanese War		  Soviet Union
Mongolian People's Republic		  Japan
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang		 Victory (for Mongolian People's Republic)
1946–1948 Battle of Baitag Bogd  Soviet Union
 Mongolian People's Republic		  China Return to status quo ante bellum

Sources

References
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