List of wars involving India

This is a list of wars involving the Republic of India and its predecessor states.

It is a list of wars and conflicts that were fought in the historic Indian subcontinent.

Ancient India

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Avanti-Magadhan Wars
(510 BCE400 BCE)
Haryanka dynasty
Shishunaga dynasty
Pradyota dynasty Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Avanti
Magadha-Vajji war
(484 BCE468 BCE)
Haryanka dynasty Vajji Confederacy led by the Licchavis Magadha Victory
  • Magadhan annexation of Vajji confederacy
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
(327 BCE325 BCE)
Macedonian Empire Various Indian kingdoms *Macedonia conquers much of the Indus Valley, yet has to stop the advance into the Ganges Plain.
Conquest of the Nanda Empire
(321 BCE320 BCE)
Maurya Empire Nanda Empire Maurya victory
Seleucid–Mauryan war
(305 BCE303 BCE)
Maurya Empire Seleucid Empire Maurya victory
  • Maurya annexation of all of the Macedonian Satrapies in the Indus River Valley
  • 500 war elephants given to Seleucus
  • Marriage between Mauryan and Seleucid families
Kalinga War
(262 BCE261 BCE)
Maurya Empire Kalinga Maurya victory
  • Maurya annexation of Kalinga

Medieval India

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Umayyad campaigns in India
(712–740)
Gurjara-Pratihara
Chalukya dynasty
Karkota Empire
Umayyad Caliphate Indian Victory
  • Arab expansion halted
Chalukya–Chola wars
(992–1120)
Chola Empire Western Chalukya Empire Chola Victory
Chola conquest of Anuradhapura
(993–1017)
Chola Empire Anuradhapura Kingdom Chola Victory
Chola invasion of Srivijaya
(1025)
Chola Empire Srivijaya Chola Victory
Chola invasion of Kadaram
(1068)
Chola Empire Srivijaya Chola Victory

Mughal Empire (1526–1857)

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Mughal-Rajput Wars
(1525–1750)
Mughal Empire Rajputs Mughal victory
  • Expansion of Mughal influence in Northern India.
  • Rajputs gain influence in Mughal politics.
  • After 1707, Rajputs have a stream of success and gain their independence and stop paying taxes.
First Battle of Panipat
(1526)
Mughal Empire Delhi Sultanate Mughal victory
  • Delhi Sultanate annexed by Mughals
  • Foundation of the Mughal Empire
Battle of Ghaghra
(1529)
Mughal Empire Sultanate of Bengal Mughal victory
  • Bihar annexed by the Mughals
Ahom–Mughal conflicts
(16151682)
Mughal Empire Ahom kingdom Ahom victory
  • Extension of Ahom influence to the Manas river
Mughal–Safavid War (1622–23)
(16221623)
Mughal Empire Safavid Empire Persian victory
Mughal–Safavid War (1649–53)
(16491653)
Mughal Empire Safavid Empire Persian victory
  • Safavid/Persian re-annexation of Kandahar
Mughal conquest of Chittagong
(16651666)
Mughal Empire Kingdom of Mrauk U Mughal naval and military victory
  • Mughal annexation of southeastern Bengal
Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal war of 1679-1684
(16791684)
Ladakh
Mughal Empire
Tibet
Zungar Empire
Mughal military victory
  • Mughal withdrawal after signing a treaty with the Ladakhis

Tibetan victory in another attack in 1684 with the assistance of reinforcements from the Zungar Empire

  • Treaty of Tingmosgang
Deccan Wars
(16811707)
Mughal Empire  Maratha Empire Maratha victory
  • Permanent end to Mughal expansion in Deccan/Peninsular India
Child's War
(16861690)
Mughal Empire East India Company Mughal victory
  • British conclusion of peace with the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1689
Nadir Shah's invasion of India
(17381739)
Mughal Empire Afsharid dynasty Persian victory
  • Persian occupation and plundering of Delhi
Battle of Karnal
(1739February 13, 1739)
Mughal Empire Persian Afsharid Empire Persian victory
Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)
(1741)
Mughal Empire  Maratha Empire Maratha victory
Expeditions in Bengal
(17411748)
Mughal Empire  Maratha Empire Maratha victory
  • Maratha annexation of the territory up to the river Suvarnarekha from Bengal
Seven Years' War
(17541763)
 France

Austria
Russia (until 1762)
Spanish Empire (from 1761)
Sweden (1757–62)
 Saxony
  Mughal Empire (from 1757)

 Prussia

 Great Britain
Hanover
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Iroquois Confederacy
Portugal (from 1761)
Hesse-Kassel
Schaumburg-Lippe

Status quo ante in Europe, but transfer of colonial possessions between Britain, France and Spain
  • French cession of New France (excluding Louisiana) to Britain and recognition of British supremacy in Bengal
  • Spanish cession of Florida to Britain
  • French cession of Louisiana to Spain
  • British cession of Cuba and Manilla (Philippine Islands) to Spain
Indian Rebellion of 1857
(18571858)
Mughal Empire
 Maratha Empire
Company Raj British victory
  • Suppression of the rebellions
  • End of Mughal, Company and Maratha rule in India
  • Formation of the British Raj/Empire of India

Maratha Empire (1674–1818, 1857)

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Deccan Wars
(16811707)
 Maratha Empire Mughal Empire Maratha victory
  • Permanent end to Mughal expansion in Deccan/Peninsular India
Battle of Vasai
(1739)
 Maratha Empire Portuguese Empire Maratha victory
Siege of Trichinopoly (1741)
(1741)
 Maratha Empire Mughal Empire Maratha victory
Expeditions in Bengal
(17411748)
 Maratha Empire Mughal Empire Maratha victory
  • Maratha annexation of the territory up to the river Suvarnarekha from Bengal
Maratha conquest of North-west India
(17571758)
 Maratha Empire Durrani Empire Maratha victory
First Anglo-Mysore War
(17671769)
Company Raj
 Maratha Empire
Nawab of the Carnatic
Hyderabad
 Mysore Mysore victory
First Anglo-Maratha War
(17751782)
 Maratha Empire Company Raj Maratha victory
Maratha-Mysore War
(17851787)
 Maratha Empire  Mysore Maratha victory
  • Treaty of Gajendragad
Third Anglo-Mysore War
(17891792)
Company Raj
 Maratha Empire
Hyderabad
Travancore
 Mysore Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
(17981799)
Company Raj
 Maratha Empire
Hyderabad
Travancore
 Mysore Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory
Second Anglo-Maratha War
(18031805)
 Maratha Empire Company Raj British victory
Third Anglo-Maratha War
(18171818)
 Maratha Empire Company Raj British victory
Indian Rebellion of 1857
(18571858)
Mughal Empire
 Maratha Empire
Company Raj British victory
  • Suppression of the rebellions
  • End of Mughal, Company and Maratha rule in India
  • Formation of the British Raj

Company rule in India (1757–1858)

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Battle of Plassey
(1757)
Company rule in India Nawab of Bengal
French East India
Company Victory
Battle of Buxar
(1764)
Company rule in India Mughal Empire Company Victory
First Anglo-Mysore War
(17671769)
Company rule in India
 Maratha
Nawab of the Carnatic
Hyderabad
 Mysore Stalemate
First Anglo-Maratha War
(17751782)
Company rule in India  Maratha Maratha Victory
Second Anglo-Mysore War
(17791784)
 Great Britain

 Hanover

 Mysore
 France
 Dutch Republic
Mysore Victory
Third Anglo-Mysore War
(17891792)
Company rule in India
Maratha Empire
Hyderabad
Travancore
 Mysore Company Victory
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
(17981799)
Company rule in India  Mysore Company Victory
Second Anglo-Maratha War
(18031805)
Company rule in India  Maratha Company Victory
Battle of Vizagapatam
(1804)
Company rule in India French Navy French Victory
Anglo-Nepalese War
(18141816)
Company rule in India
Garhwal Kingdom
Patiala State
Nepal Company Victory
Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus
(1815)
Company rule in India United States American Victory
  • Capture of Nautilus by American forces
Third Anglo-Maratha War
(18171818)
Company rule in India  Maratha Company Victory
First Anglo-Burmese War
(18241826)
Company rule in India Burmese Empire Company Victory
First Anglo-Afghan War
(18391842)
Company rule in India Emirate of Afghanistan Afghan Victory
First Opium War
(18391842)
 Great Britain  Qing dynasty Company Victory
First Anglo-Sikh War
(18451846)
Company rule in India
 Patiala
Sikh Empire Company Victory
Second Anglo-Sikh War
(18481849)
Company rule in India Sikh Empire Company Victory
Second Anglo-Burmese War
(1852)
Company rule in India Burmese Empire Company Victory
Anglo-Persian War
(18561857)
United Kingdom

Afghanistan

Iran Company Victory
Indian Rebellion of 1857
(18571858)
Company rule in India
British Army
Mughal Empire
 Maratha
Company Victory
  • Suppression of the rebellions
  • End of Mughal, Company and Maratha rule in India
  • Formation of the British Raj

British India (1858–1947)

Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India company came to end and the British crown now began to rule over India directly as per the Government of India Act 1858 through the British Raj. India was now a single empire comprising British India and the Princely states.

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Second Opium War
(18561860)
British Empire

French Empire

 China Victory
Ambela Campaign
(18631864)
 India Afghan Pashtuns
Yusufzai tribes
Victory
  • Bunerwals surrender.
  • Malka burned.
Bhutan War
(18641865)
 India Bhutan Victory
  • Bhutanese territorial cessions to India.
British Expedition to Abyssinia
(18671868)
United Kingdom Ethiopian Empire Victory
  • British victory at the Battle of Magdala, Theodore II commits suicide.
Second Anglo-Afghan War
(18781880)
United Kingdom Afghanistan Victory
  • Treaty of Gandamak, British objectives attained.
  • Afghanistan's tribal frontier areas annexed into British India.
  • Afghanistan becomes a British Protectorate.
Mahdist War
(18811899)
Congo Free State
United Kingdom

Egypt
Ethiopia

Mahdist Sudan Victory
Anglo-Egyptian War
(1882)
United Kingdom

Tewfik Pasha

Ahmed Orabi Victory
Third Anglo-Burmese War
(1885)
 India Burmese Empire Victory
Third Black Mountain Expedition
(1888)
 India Hassanzai and Akazai tribes. Victory
  • Allaiwal village of Pokal occupied and destroyed.
Sikkim Expedition
(1888)
 India Tibet Victory
  • Tibetan forces expelled from Sikkim.
Hunza-Nagar Campaign
(1891)
 India Hunza
Nagar
Victory
Chitral Expedition
(1895)
 India Chitralis Bajouri and Afghan Tribesmen Victory
  • Fort of Chitral relieved.
Anglo-Zanzibar War
(1896)
 British Empire Zanzibar Sultanate Victory
Tochi Expedition
(1896)
 India Waziris Victory
  • Rebellion put down.
Siege of Malakand
(1897)
 India پشتون Pashtun tribes Victory
  • Siege successful.
First Mohmand Campaign
(18971898)
 India Mohmands Victory
Tirah Campaign
(18971898)
 India Afridis
Orakzais
Chamkanis
Victory
  • Negotiations for peace were then begun with the Afridis.
Boxer Rebellion
(18991901)
Empire of Japan
Russia
United Kingdom

France
 United States
Germany
 Austria-Hungary
Italy

Yihetuan Movement
 China
Victory
  • The rebellion was suppressed.
  • Signing of the Boxer Protocol.
  • Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing.
Second Boer War
(18991902)
 United Kingdom  Orange Free State
 South African Republic
Victory
British expedition to Tibet
(19031904)
 India  Tibet Victory
Bambatha Rebellion
(1906)
United Kingdom Zulu people Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
Bazar Valley Campaign
(1908)
 India Zakka Khel clan of the Afridi Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
World War I
(19141918)
 France
United Kingdom

Russia
 Italy
 United States
 Serbia
 Montenegro
 Belgium
 Japan
 Romania
 Portugal
Hejaz
China
 Greece
 Brazil

 Germany
 Austria-Hungary
 Ottoman Empire
 Bulgaria
Victory
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
(19181920)
White Movement
British Empire

 Japan
 Czechoslovakia
 Greece
 Poland
 United States
France
 Romania
 Serbia
 Italy
China

 Russian SFSR
 Far Eastern Republic
Latvian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
Commune of Estonia
Mongolian communists
Withdrawal
  • Allied withdrawal from Russia.
  • Bolshevik victory over White Army.
Turkish War of Independence
(19191923)
 Greece

France

Armenia
United Kingdom

Istanbul Government

Italy
Georgia

Ankara Government

Kuva-yi Milliye

Defeat[1]
Third Anglo-Afghan War
(1919)
United Kingdom Afghanistan Armistice
  • Treaty of Rawalpindi
  • Afghan invasion repelled.
  • Afghanistan regains control of external affairs.
  • Reaffirmation of the Durand Line.
First Waziristan Campaign
(1919)
 India Waziristan Victory
  • Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
Kuwait–Najd War
(19191920)
United Kingdom

Kuwait

Sultanate of Nejd Victory
  • Ikhawan retreat.
Iraqi revolt
(1920)
United Kingdom Iraqi rebels Victory
Malabar rebellion
(1921)
 India Mappila Muslims Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed.
Pink's War
(1925)
 India Mahsud tribesmen Victory
  • Tribal leaders accept terms.
Second Mohmand Campaign
(1935)
 India Mohmands Victory
Second Waziristan Campaign
(19361939)
 India Waziri tribesmen Victory
  • Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
World War II
(19391945)
 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
France
 Free France
Poland
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
Republican Spain
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Denmark
 Norway
 Czechoslovakia
FTM
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 Ceylon
British Burma
Egypt
Sudan
Nigeria
 South Africa
Philippines
Ethiopia
Brazil
 Mexico
 Colombia
Cuba
 Chile
 Peru
Mongolia
 Tuva
Viet Minh
KLA
Gorkha Empire
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
Vichy France
 Romania
Hungary
 Bulgaria
Slovakia
Bohemia and Moravia
 Croatia
 Finland
 Francoist Spain
Kingdom of Albania
German Albania
Thailand
 Iraq
Azad Hind
Japanese Burma
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
Victory
Western Desert Campaign
(1940–1943)
 United Kingdom

 Australia
 New Zealand
Egypt
 South Africa
 Free France
Poland
Greece
Czechoslovakia

 Italy

Supported by:
 Germany

Victory
  • Allied Victory
East African Campaign
(1940–1943)
 United Kingdom

 Belgium

 Ethiopia
 Free France

 Italy

Supported by:
 Germany

Victory
  • Collapse of Italian East Africa
Indonesian National Revolution
(19451947)
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Indonesia Withdrawal
  • Indian withdrawal after independence in 1947.
  • The Netherlands recognises Indonesian independence.
Operation Masterdom
(19451946)
United Kingdom

France
Japan

Viet Minh Victory

Azad Hind (1943-1945)

Azad Hind was the provisional government put in place, in the British Raj by Japan during World War II.

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Azad Hind intervention in World War II
(19441945)
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
Vichy France
 Romania
Hungary
 Bulgaria
Slovakia
Bohemia and Moravia
 Croatia
 Finland
 Francoist Spain
Kingdom of Albania
German Albania
Thailand
 Iraq
Azad Hind
Japanese Burma
 Manchukuo
 Mengjiang
 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
France
 Free France
Poland
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
Republican Spain
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Denmark
 Norway
 Czechoslovakia
FTM
 Canada
 Australia
 New Zealand
 India
 Ceylon
British Burma
Egypt
Sudan
Nigeria
 South Africa
Philippines
Ethiopia
Brazil
 Mexico
 Colombia
Cuba
 Chile
 Peru
Mongolia
 Tuva
Viet Minh
KLA
Gorkha Empire
Defeat

Dominion of India (1947–1950)

Following Indian independence, merger of the princely states remained a major question. The partition resulted in the creation of Pakistan.

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Indo-Pakistani War of 1947
(19471948)
 India  Pakistan
Furqan Force
Ceasefire
Integration of Junagadh
(1947)
 India Junagadh Victory
  • Incorporation of Junagadh into India
Operation Polo
(1948)
 India Hyderabad Victory
  • Incorporation of Hyderabad into India

Republic of India (1950–present)

India has fought many wars and minor conflicts during its period as a republic.

Name of conflict India
and allies
Opponents Outcome
Korean War
(1950-1953)
 South Korea

United Nations
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Turkey
 Australia
 Philippines
 New Zealand
 Thailand
 Ethiopia
 Greece
 France
 Colombia
 Belgium
 South Africa
 Netherlands
 Luxembourg Support:

 North Korea


 China
 Soviet Union Support:

Stalemate
  • Formation of the DMZ
Integration of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
(1954)
 India Portugal Victory
Congo Crisis
(19601964)
1960–63:

Republic of the Congo


Supported by:
 Soviet Union (1960)
ONUC[lower-alpha 1]

1960–63:

 Katanga
 South Kasai
Supported by:
 Belgium[lower-alpha 2]


1960–62:
Stanleyville government
Supported by:
 Soviet Union

Victory
Annexation of Goa
(1961)
 India Portugal Victory
Sino-Indian War of 1962
(1962)
 India  China Defeat
Insurgency in Northeast India
(1954)
 India
 Bhutan (joined in 2003)
 Bangladesh (joined in 1971)

 Myanmar (joined in 2018)

Ongoing
  • Ongoing low-level insurgency
  • Re-annexation of those areas of Mizoram, Tripura and Meghalaya held my militants.
  • Bhutanese victory in Operation All Clear
  • Introduction of AFSPA in seven north-eastern states, later repealed in Tripura[6] and Meghalaya.[7]
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
(1965)
 India  Pakistan Inconclusive
Naxalite-Maoist insurgency
(1967)
 India Ongoing
Nathu La and Cho La clashes
(1967)
 India  China Victory
Bangladesh Liberation War
(incl. Indo-Pakistani War of 1971)

(1971)
 India
Bangladesh
 Pakistan Victory
The First JVP insurrection
(1971)
Ceylon
Australia
Egypt
India
Pakistan
Singapore
Soviet Union
United Kingdom
United States
Yugoslavia
China
JVP

Supported by:
 North Korea (alleged)
ASBPI
CCP (Maoist) (alleged)

Victory
  • Rebel forces surrender
  • Ceylonese government reestablishes control over entire island
Siachen conflict
(19842003)
 India  Pakistan Victory
Insurgency in Punjab
(incl. Operation Blue Star)

(19841995)
 India

Supported by:
 United Kingdom

Khalistani militants

Supported by:
 Pakistan
 United States
BKI

Victory
Operation Flowers are Blooming
(1986)
 India
 Seychelles
Military of Seychelles Victory
  • Aversion of the coup
  • Resignation of Berlouis
The Second JVP insurrection
(1987-1989)
Sri Lanka
India
 United States
 United Kingdom

Military support:

JVP

Deshapremi Janatha Viyaparaya Support:

Victory
  • Emergency conditions in South-western and Central provinces of Sri Lanka lifted
  • Insurgency declined following the fall of the Eastern bloc
Sri Lankan Civil War
(19871990)
 India
 Sri Lanka
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam Withdrawal
Operation Cactus
(1988)
 India
Maldives
PLOTE
Maldivian rebels
Victory
  • Restoration of government rule in Maldives
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir
(1989)
 India Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

Lashkar-e-Taiba
Jaish-e-Mohammed
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
Al-Badr
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front


Supported by:
 Pakistan[9]
Taliban[10]
al-Qaeda[10]

Ongoing
Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997) UNMOT

Non-UNMOT:

United Tajik Opposition
Taliban
Victory
United Nations Operation in Somalia II
(1993–1995)

(Part of the Somali Civil War)
(1991)

UNOSOM II Somali National Alliance Inconclusive/Other Result
Kargil War
(1999)
 India  Pakistan

Victory

2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes
(2001)
 India  Bangladesh

No territorial changes

  • Bangladesh-India relations strained
Operation Ocean Shield
(2009-2016)
 NATO

Non-NATO:

Pirates

Victory

  • Number of Somali pirate attacks have been reduced dramatically.

See also

Notes

  1. ONUC, the United Nations Operation in the Congo, included troops from Ghana, Tunisia, Morocco, Ethiopia, Ireland, Guinea, Sweden, Mali, Sudan, Liberia, Canada, India, Indonesia and the United Arab Republic among others.[2]
  2. The secession of Katanga and South Kasai was also supported by South Africa, France and the neighbouring Central African Federation.[3] However, it was never officially recognised by any other state.[4]

References

  1. Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
  2. Haskin 2005, pp. 24–5.
  3. Nzongola-Ntalaja 2007, p. 101.
  4. Nugent 2004, p. 97.
  5. Prabhash K Dutta (22 June 2020). "How China captured Aksai Chin". India Today. Retrieved 18 December 2020. through 1950s, China captured Aksai Chin and consolidated its position in 1962 war.
  6. http://www.asianage.com/debate/age-debate-after-tripura-it-time-revoke-afspa-jammu-and-kashmir-922
  7. https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/newsindia/afspa-removed-from-meghalaya-eight-police-stations-in-arunachal-pradesh/ar-AAwdEbV?li=AAaeRVN&ocid=spartandhp
  8. Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam. Atimes.com (2010-04-22). Retrieved on 2014-05-21.
  9. Ganguly, Sumit; Paul Kapur (7 August 2012). India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. Columbia University Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-231-14375-2.
  10. Gall, Carlotta (21 January 2007). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge – New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  11. "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 7 August 1999. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  12. "New Zealand joins NATO's counter-piracy mission Ocean Shield". NATO. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
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