List of wars involving the Philippines
This is a list of direct armed conflicts involving the Philippines since its founding during the Philippine revolution.[1]
Part of a series on the |
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History of the Philippines |
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Timeline |
Archaeology |
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List
Philippine Revolution (1896–1898)
Conflict | Filipino People and Allies | Spanish Colonial Government | Results | Leader of the Revolutionary Government |
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Philippine Revolution | ||||
Philippine Revolution (1896–1898) ![]() A late 19th century photograph of armed Filipino revolutionaries, known as the Katipuneros. ![]() Spanish prisoners of war in Manila. |
1896–97 1898 1896–1898 |
1896–1897 1898 |
Peace Treaty (1897)
Victory (1898)
|
Andres Bonifacio (until 1897) ![]() Emilio Aguinaldo (since 1897) ![]() |
Cry of Pugad Lawin (August 23, 1896) |
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Start of the Revolution
|
Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Battle of Pasong Tamo (August 28–29, 1896) ![]() Bonifacio's Battle Flag. |
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Defeat
|
Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Battle of Manila of 1896 (August 29, 1896) |
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Defeat | Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Battle of Noveleta (August 30, 1896) ![]() Memorial stone commemorating the battle |
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Victory | Andres Bonifacio![]() |
First Cry of Cavite (August 31, 1896) |
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Victory
|
Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Kawit revolt (August 31, 1896) |
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Victory | Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Battle of Imus (September 1–3, 1896) ![]() Monument of the battle in Imus |
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Victory
|
Andres Bonifacio |
Cry of Nueva Ecija (September 2–5, 1896) |
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Tactical Victory Strategic Defeat
|
Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Battles of Batangas (October 23, 1896) |
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Defeat | Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Battle of San Mateo and Montalban (August 29, 1896) |
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Defeat
|
Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Battle of Binakayan-Dalahikan (November 9–11, 1896) ![]() Monument of the Battle of Binakayan. |
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Victory
|
Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Revolution in Laguna (Battle of Sambat) (November 15–16, 1896) ![]() Historical Marker at the site of the battle, Pagsanjan, Laguna. |
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Defeat
|
Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Battle of Pateros (December 31, 1896 – January 3, 1897) |
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1st Phase: Victory (December 31, 1896)
2nd Phase: Inconclusive (January 1–2, 1987)
|
Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Battle of Kakarong de Sili (January 1, 1897) |
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Defeat | Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Cry of Tarlac (January 24, 1897) |
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Victory | Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Cavite Offensive of 1897 (February 15 – March 24, 1897) |
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Defeat
|
Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Battle of Zapote Bridge (February 17, 1897) ![]() The Zapote Bridge (1899) two years after the battle |
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Victory | Andres Bonifacio![]() |
Retreat to Montalban (August 1897) |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Raid at Paombong (August 31, 1897) |
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Victory | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Aliaga (September 5–6, 1897) |
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Victory
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Pact of Biak-na-Bato (December 14, 1897) ![]() The Filipino negotiators for the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. Seated from left to right: Pedro Paterno and Emilio Aguinaldo with five companions. ![]() Filipino revolutionaries exiled to Hong Kong. Sitting on Emilio Aguinaldo's right is Lt. Col. Miguel Primo de Rivera, nephew and aide-de-camp of Fernando Primo de Rivera and father of José Antonio Primo de Rivera. Standing behind Aguinaldo is Col. Gregorio del Pilar. Miguel was held hostage until Aguinaldo's indemnity was paid. Standing behind Miguel and to his right is Pedro Paterno. |
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Peace Treaty w/ General Amnesty Provisions:
Results:
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Calamba (May 1898) |
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Victory | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Manila Bay (May 1, 1898) ![]() Contemporary colored print, showing USS Olympia in the left foreground, leading the U.S. Asiatic Squadron against the Spanish fleet off Cavite. A vignette portrait of Rear Admiral George Dewey is featured in the lower left. |
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Victory
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Alapan (May 28, 1898) ![]() Imus Heritage Park. |
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Victory
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Tayabas (May 28 – June 15, 1898) |
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Victory
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Siege of Baler (July 1, 1898 – June 2, 1899) ![]() Filipino troops of Colonel Tecson in Baler, May 1899. Tecson is to the right of the cannon, Novicio to the left. |
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Victory
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Mock Battle of Manila (August 13, 1898) ![]() "Raising the American flag over Fort Santiago, Manila, on the evening of August 13, 1898." drawing from Harper's Pictorial History of the War with Spain. |
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Victory
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Siege of Masbate (August 19, 1898) |
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Victory
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Philippine–American War (1899–1913)
Conflict | Filipino People | United States | Results | President of República Filipina |
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Philippine–American War | ||||
Philippine–American War February 4, 1899 – July 2, 1902 ![]() Filipino soldiers outside Manila in 1899. ![]() Wounded American soldiers at Santa Mesa, Manila in 1899 |
1899–1902![]() Limited Foreign Support: 1902–1906 |
1899–1902![]() 1902–1906 |
Defeat
|
Emilio Aguinaldo (until 1901) ![]() Miguel Malvar (1901–1902) ![]() |
Moro Rebellion (1899–1913) ![]() Datu Amil (sitting left), an influential leader of the Tausūgs in discussion with Captain W.O. Reed, US 6th Cavalry Regiment during the American Moro Campaigns. Amil was later killed by the Americans which marked the beginning of the end of the sovereignty of the Sulu Sultanate when the Americans abolished its power after the end of this battle when their region fell under American rule. |
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Defeat
|
Sultan of Sulu Various Moro Leaders |
Battle of Manila (February 4–5, 1899) ![]() U.S. soldiers of the First Nebraska volunteers, company B, near Manila in 1899. |
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Defeat
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Caloocan (February 10, 1899) ![]() Maj. Gen. Arthur MacArthur observing the battle. |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Second Battle of Caloocan (February 22–24, 1899) ![]() Filipinos attack the barracks of the 13th Minnesota Volunteers. |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Balantang (March 10, 1899) |
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Victory
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Marilao River (March 27, 1899) |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Capture of Malolos (March 31, 1899) ![]() Filipino soldiers in Malolos |
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Defeat
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Santa Cruz (April 9–10, 1899) ![]() Battle of Santa Cruz, Laguna (48th Squadron) |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Pagsanjan (April 11, 1899) |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Paete (April 12, 1899) ![]() General Lawton campaigning in the Philippines, 1899 |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Quingua (April 23, 1899) ![]() Kurz & Allison print of the Battle of Quingua |
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1st Phase: Victory
2nd Phase: Defeat
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battles of Bagbag and Pampanga Rivers (April 25–27, 1899) |
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Defeat
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Santo Tomas (May 4, 1899) ![]() 1st Nebraskan Volunteers advancing during the Battle of Santo Tomas. |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Zapote River (June 13, 1899) ![]() The reconnected Zapote River Bridge in 1899 being guarded by an American soldier after the battle on June 13, 1899. One span of the bridge was removed by the locals, substituted with a wooden span, which was burned down before the fighting. |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Olongapo (September 18–23, 1899) |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of San Jacinto (November 11, 1899) |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Tirad Pass[2] (December 2, 1899) ![]() Gen.Gregorio del Pilar and his troops, around 1898. |
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Strategic Victory Tactical Defeat
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Paye (December 19, 1899) ![]() Death of Major-General Henry Lawton during the battle. |
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Initial Victory
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Cagayan de Misamis (April 7, 1900) |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Siege of Catubig (April 15–19, 1900) |
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Victory
|
Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Agusan Hill (May 14, 1900) |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Makahambus Hill (June 4, 1900) |
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Victory | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Pulang Lupa (September 13, 1900) |
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Victory | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Mabitac (September 17, 1900) ![]() Battle Monument |
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Victory | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Battle of Lonoy (March 5, 1901) |
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Defeat | Emilio Aguinaldo![]() |
Balangiga massacre (September 28, 1901) ![]() Gen. Jacob Smith and his staff inspect the ruins of Balangiga in October 1901, a few weeks after the US punitive mission by Capt. Bookmiller and his troops. |
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Victory | Miguel Malvar![]() |
Battle of Bayan (May 2–3, 1902) ![]() |
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Defeat | Sultan of Sulu Various Moro Leaders |
Hassan uprising (October 1903 – March 1904) |
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Defeat | Sultan of Sulu Various Moro Leaders |
Battle of Taraca (April 1904) |
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Defeat | Sultan of Sulu Various Moro Leaders |
Battle of Dolores River (December 12, 1904) |
Pulajanes | ![]() |
Victory | Sultan of Sulu Various Moro Leaders |
First Battle of Bud Dajo (May 5–8, 1906) ![]() U.S. soldiers pose with Moro dead after the battle |
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Defeat | Sultan of Sulu Various Moro Leaders |
Second Battle of Bud Dajo (December 18–26, 1911) |
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Defeat
|
Sultan of Sulu Various Moro Leaders |
Battle of Bud Bagsak (June 11–15, 1913) ![]() |
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Defeat | Sultan of Sulu Various Moro Leaders |
Second World War – Pacific Theater (1941–1945)
Conflict | Filipino People and Allies | Empire of Japan and Filipino Collaborators | Results | President of the Commonwealth |
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Second World war | ||||
Japanese invasion of the Philippines (1941–1942) Japanese occupation of the Philippines (1942–1944) Allied liberation of the Philippines (1944–1945) ![]() Japanese Troops surrender to the 40th Infantry Division. |
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Defeat
Occupation
Victory
|
Manuel L. Quezon (until 1944) ![]() Sergio Osmeña (since 1944) ![]() |
Battle of Bataan (January 7 – April 9, 1942) ![]() Japanese tank column advancing in Bataan. |
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Defeat
|
Manuel L. Quezon![]() |
Battle of Corregidor (May 5–6, 1942) ![]() Victorious Japanese troops atop the Hearn Battery, May 6, 1942. |
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Defeat
|
Manuel L. Quezon![]() |
Philippine resistance movement (1942–1945) ![]() Propaganda poster depicting the Philippine resistance movement. |
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Victory
|
Manuel L. Quezon (until 1944) ![]() Sergio Osmeña (since 1944) ![]() |
The Great Raid (Raid at Cabanatuan) (January 30, 1945) ![]() Captain Pajota's guerrillas at Cabanatuan. |
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Allied victory
|
Sergio Osmeña![]() |
Battle for the Recapture of Bataan (January 31 – February 21, 1945) |
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Allied victory
|
Sergio Osmeña![]() |
Battle of Manila (February 3 – March 3, 1945) ![]() Aerial view of the destroyed Walled City of Intramuros taken in May 1945. |
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Allied victory
|
Sergio Osmeña![]() |
Battle for the Recapture of Corregidor (February 16–26, 1945) ![]() The USS Claxton (DD-571) provides fire support during the Corregidor landings. |
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Victory | Sergio Osmeña![]() |
Los Baños Raid (February 23, 1945) ![]() Painting of a guerrilla armed with a bolo knife disarming a Japanese sentry of his rifle. |
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Allied victory
|
Sergio Osmeña![]() |
Battle of Bessang Pass (June 14, 1945) |
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Victory
|
Sergio Osmeña![]() |
Cold War (1947–1991)
Conflict | Philippines and Allies | Communist Bloc | Results | President of the Philippines |
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Cold War-era | ||||
Hukbalahap Rebellion (1942–1954) ![]() The red area on the map is Central Luzon, the main geographical area where the Huks are located. Manila is a few hours' drive to the south. |
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Victory
|
Manuel L. Quezon (until 1944) ![]() Sergio Osmeña (1944–1946) ![]() Manuel Roxas (1946–1948) ![]() Elpidio Quirino (1948–1953) ![]() Ramon Magsaysay (1953–1954) ![]() |
Korean War (1950–1953) ![]() Territory often changed hands early in the war, until the front stabilized. • North Korean and Chinese forces • South Korean, American, Commonwealth, Filipino and other United Nations forces |
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Stalemate
|
Elpidio Quirino![]() |
Operation Tomahawk (March 23, 1951) |
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Victory | Elpidio Quirino![]() |
Battle of Yultong (April 22–23, 1951) |
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Victory | Elpidio Quirino![]() |
Battle of the Imjin River (April 22–25, 1951) ![]() American soldiers photographed on patrol at the Imjin river on April 17, 1951, just before the battle. |
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Disputed | Elpidio Quirino![]() |
Battle of Heartbreak Ridge (September 13 – October 15, 1951) |
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Victory | Elpidio Quirino![]() |
Battle of Hill Eerie (March 21 – July 18, 1952) |
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Victory | Elpidio Quirino![]() |
Vietnam War (1964–1973) ![]() Masscared villager in hong Nhi and Phong Nut village, Quang Nam Province |
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Allied Defeat
Paris Peace Accords lead to withdrawal of American forces from Indochina. Communist governments take power in South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. |
Ferdinand Marcos![]() |
CPP-NPA-NDF rebellion (1969–present)
Conflict | Government | Communists | Results | President of the Philippines |
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CPP–NPA–NDF Rebellion | ||||
CPP-NPA-NDF rebellion (March 29, 1969 – present)[4] ![]() Main hotspots of Communist activities in the Philippine archipelago. |
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Ongoing
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Ferdinand Marcos (1969–1986) ![]() Corazon Aquino (1986–1992) ![]() Fidel Ramos (1992–1998) ![]() Joseph Estrada (1998–2001) ![]() Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–2010) ![]() Benigno Aquino III (2010–2016) ![]() Rodrigo Duterte (2016–present) ![]() |
Battle of Macalangit (September 9–12, 2007) |
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Victory | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo![]() |
Moro insurgency (1969–present)
Conflict | Government | Secessionist/Jihadists | Results | President of the Philippines |
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Moro Insurgency | ||||
Moro insurgency (March 29, 1969 – present) ![]() M101 howitzer was widely use as the artillery in the operation against the Moro insurgencies in Mindanao. ![]() Map of the Philippines showing the still majority Moro-Muslim areas in Mindanao. |
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Bangsamoro:![]() (until 1996) ![]() (until 2014) Jihadist groups: |
Cessation of armed conflict between the Government and MNLF/MILF
|
Ferdinand Marcos (1969–1986) ![]() Corazon Aquino (1986–1992) ![]() Fidel Ramos (1992–1998) ![]() Joseph Estrada (1998–2001) ![]() Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–2010) ![]() Benigno Aquino III (2010–2016) ![]() Rodrigo Duterte (2016–present) ![]() |
Battle of Jolo (February 4–11, 1974) |
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Victory
|
Ferdinand Marcos![]() |
Patikul massacre (October 10, 1977) ![]() Memorial to AFP Brig. Gen. Teodulfo Bautista and his 34 men who were killed in Danag, Patikul, Sulu |
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Defeat
|
Ferdinand Marcos![]() |
Pata Island massacre (February 12, 1981) |
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Defeat | Ferdinand Marcos![]() |
2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (February 15 – July 9, 2000) ![]() The 2000 Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front predominantly took place in areas within the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. |
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Victory | Joseph Estrada![]() |
Battle of Camp Abubakar (July 1–9, 2000) ![]() Positions of three Philippine Army brigades and two Philippine Marine Corps brigades in relation to Camp Abubakar's central complex during the sixth day of the battle. |
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Victory | Joseph Estrada![]() |
Siege of Lamitan (June 2, 2001) |
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Victory
|
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo![]() |
2001 Misuari rebellion (November 19–22, 2001) ![]() Nur Misuari in 2009 |
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Victory | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo![]() |
Operation Enduring Freedom in the Philippines (January 15, 2002 – February 24, 2015) ![]() Philippine Marines training with U.S. Marines. |
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Jihadist groups:
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Victory
|
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2002–2010) ![]() Benigno Aquino III (2010–2015) ![]() |
2007 Basilan beheading incident (July 10–11, 2007) |
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Victory | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo![]() |
Zamboanga City crisis (September 9–28, 2013) ![]() The Zamboanga City Hall where the MNLF intended to hoist the Bangsamoro Republik flag. |
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Victory
|
Benigno Aquino III![]() |
Operation Darkhorse (January 27 – February 2, 2014) |
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Victory
|
Benigno Aquino III![]() |
2014 Battle of Basilan (April 11–30, 2014) |
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Victory | Benigno Aquino III![]() |
Mamasapano clash (January 25, 2015) ![]() The 44 police officers who perished during the clash. |
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Victory
|
Benigno Aquino III![]() |
February 2016 Butig clash (February 20, 2016) |
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Victory | Benigno Aquino III![]() |
Battle of Tipo-Tipo (April 9–14, 2016) |
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Victory | Benigno Aquino III (2016) ![]() Rodrigo Duterte (2016–present) ![]() |
November 2016 Butig clash (February 20, 2016) |
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Victory | Rodrigo Duterte![]() |
2017 Bohol clash (February 11, 2017) |
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Victory
|
Rodrigo Duterte![]() |
November 2016 Butig clash (February 20, 2016) |
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Victory | Rodrigo Duterte![]() |
Marawi City crisis (May 23 – October 23, 2017) ![]() BRP Tarlac in Iligan offloading military units meant to augment government forces fighting in Marawi. ![]() Duterte briefs the 2nd Mechanized Infantry Brigade in Iligan. |
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Victory
|
Rodrigo Duterte![]() |
Contemporary-era (1986–present)
Conflict | Government | Insurgents | Results | President of the Philippines |
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Contemporary-era | ||||
1986-1990 Philippine coup attempts (1986–1990) |
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Victory
|
Corazon Aquino![]() |
1989 Philippine coup attempt (December 1–7, 1989) |
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Victory
|
Corazon Aquino![]() |
1990 Mindanao crisis (October 4–6, 1990) |
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Victory
|
Corazon Aquino![]() |
Oakwood mutiny (July 27, 2003) ![]() Oakwood Premier (now Ascott Makati), Glorietta, in 2008, where the Oakwood mutiny occurred. |
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Victory | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo![]() |
Oplan HACKLE (February 22–24, 2006) |
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Victory | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo![]() |
Manila Peninsula siege (November 29, 2007) ![]() Manila Peninsula in 2012, where the Hotel Siege occurred. |
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Victory
|
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo![]() |
Gallery
- Inauguration of the First Republic
- Soldiers at the Siege of Baler
- Philippine Army in the Philippine–American War, (at the battle of Paceo - 1900)
- Filipino Soldiers outside Manila,1899.
- The coffins of fallen American Soldiers, (1906).
- a World War II Propaganda poster of Philippine Army of its Resistance against the Japanese Invasion. (1941)
- Korean War (1950s)
- The massacred villagers of Phong Nhi (Vietnam war).
- a Moro insurgent of the Islamic (Moro) insurgency at Mindanao.
- Philippine Marine Private Damaranan rushes up a small ditch to engage role-playing enemy forces while Staff Sgt. John Ross of 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit provides communication during amphibious landing training of Balikatan Exercise.
See also
- Military history of the Philippines
- List of conflicts in the Philippines
- Battles of the Philippines
References
- Notes
- Grace Estela C. Mateo. "The Philippines : A Story of a Nation" (PDF). Scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu. Retrieved August 28, 2015.
- Jerry Keenan (2001), Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American & Philippine–American Wars, ABC-CLIO, p. 311, ISBN 978-1-57607-093-2
- "The Never Ending War in the Wounded Land: The New People's Army on Samar". University of Calgary. November 12, 2013.
- Bibliography
- Anderson, Benedict (2005), Under Three Flags: Anarchism and the Anti-Colonial Imagination, London: Verso, ISBN 1-84467-037-6
- Agoncillo, Teodoro C. (1990) [1960], History of the Filipino People (8th ed.), Quezon City: Garotech Publishing, ISBN 971-8711-06-6
- Aguinaldo y Famy, Emilio (1899), "Chapter II. The Treaty of Biak-na-bató", True Version of the Philippine Revolution, Authorama: Public Domain Books, retrieved February 7, 2008
- Aguinaldo y Famy, Emilio (1899), "Chapter III. Negotiations", True Version of the Philippine Revolution, Authorama: Public Domain Books, retrieved December 26, 2007
- Alvarez, Santiago V.; Malay, Paula Carolina S. (1992), The katipunan and the revolution: memoirs of a general: with the original Tagalog text, Ateneo de Manila University Press, ISBN 978-971-550-077-7, Translated by Paula Carolina S. Malay
- Batchelor, Bob (2002), The 1900s : American popular culture through history, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-31334-9
- Blanchard, William H. (1996), Neocolonialism American Style, 1960-2000 (illustrated ed.), Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-30013-4
- Blair, Emma; Robertson, James (1903–1909), The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898, 1–55, Cleveland
- Bowring, Sir John (1859), A Visit to the Philippine Islands, London: Smith, Elder and Co.
- Constantino, Renato (1975), The Philippines: a past revisited, Self-published, Tala Pub. Services
- de Moya, Francisco Javier (1883), Las Islas Filipinas en 1882 (in Spanish), 1–55, Madrid
- Dav, Chaitanya (2007), Crimes Against Humanity: A Shocking History of U.s. Crimes Since 1776, AuthorHouse, ISBN 978-1-4343-0181-9
- Díaz Arenas, Rafaél (1838), Memoria sobre el comercio y navegacion de las islas Filipinas (in Spanish), Cádiz, Spain
- Gatbonton, Esperanza B., ed. (2000), The Philippines After The Revolution 1898–1945, National Commission for Culture and the Arts, ISBN 971-814-004-2
- Custodio, Teresa Ma; Dalisay, Jose Y. (1998), Reform and Revolution, Kasaysayan: The History of the Filipino People, 5, Asia Publishing Company Limited, ISBN 962-258-228-1
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