Menteri Besar of Johor

According to the state constitution, the Sultan of Johor shall first appoint the Menteri Besar to preside over the Executive Council and requires such Menteri Besar to be a member of the Legislative Assembly who in His Majesty's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of the Assembly, must be an ethnic Malay who professes the religion of Islam and must not a Malaysian citizen by naturalisation or by registration. The Sultan on the Menteri Besar's advice shall appoint not more than ten nor less than four members from among the members of the Legislative Assembly.

The member of the Executive Council must take and subscribe in the presence of the Sultan the oath of office and allegiance as well as the oath of secrecy before they can exercise the functions of office. The Executive Council shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly. The members of the Executive Council shall not hold any office of profit and engage in any trade, business or profession that will cause conflict of interest.

If a government cannot get its appropriation (budget) legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly, or the Legislative Assembly passes a vote of "no confidence" in the government, the Menteri Besar is bound by convention to resign immediately. The Sultan's choice of replacement Menteri Besar will be dictated by the circumstances. A member of the Executive Council other than the Menteri Besar shall hold office during the pleasure of the Sultan, unless the appointment of any member of the Executive Council shall have been revoked by the Sultan on the advice of the Menteri Besar but may at any time resign his office.

Following a resignation in other circumstances, defeated in an election or the death of the Menteri Besar, the Sultan will generally appoint as Menteri Besar the person voted by the governing party as their new leader.

The power of the Menteri Besar is subject to a number of limitations. Menteri Besar removed as leader of his or her party, or whose government loses a vote of no confidence in the Legislative Assembly, must advise a state election or resign the office or be dismissed by the Sultan. The defeat of a supply bill (one that concerns the spending of money) or unable to pass important policy-related legislation is seen to require the resignation of the government or dissolution of Legislative Assembly, much like a non-confidence vote, since a government that cannot spend money is hamstrung, also called loss of supply.

The Menteri Besar's party will normally have a majority in the Legislative Assembly and party discipline is exceptionally strong in Johor politics, so passage of the government's legislation through the Legislative Assembly is mostly a formality.

The legislative assembly unless sooner dissolved by the Sultan with His Majesty's own discretion on the advice of the Menteri Besar shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting. The state constitution permits a delay of 60 days of general election to be held from the date of dissolution and the legislative assembly shall be summoned to meet on a date not later than 120 days from the date of dissolution. Conventionally, between the dissolution of one legislative assembly and the convening of the next, the Menteri Besar and the executive council remain in office in a caretaker capacity.

The following is the list of Menteris Besar of Johor since 1886:[1][2]

Colour key (for political parties):
  Independent   UMNO   Alliance Party   Barisan Nasional   Pakatan Harapan

#	Portrait		Name (Birth–Death) Constituency	Political party[lower-alpha 1]	Term of office		Electoral mandates (Assembly)
1			Jaafar Muhammad (1838–1919)	No party	1886	1919	–
Vacant					1919	16 July 1920	–
2			Mohamed Mahbob (1852–1926)	No party	16 July 1920	1922	–
Vacant					1922	September 1923	–
3			Abdullah Jaafar (1875–1934)	No party	September 1923	16 September 1928	–
4			Mustapha Jaafar (1862–1946)	No party	16 September 1928	23 November 1931	–
5			Abdul Hamid Yusof (1876–1934)	No party	23 November 1931	28 December 1934	–
Vacant					28 December 1934	April 1935	–
6			Ungku Abdul Aziz Abdul Majid (1887–1951)	No party	April 1935	1 June 1947	–
7			Onn Jaafar (1895–1962)	UMNO	1 June 1947	18 May 1950	–
Vacant					18 May 1950	18 February 1952	–
8			Syed Abdul Kadir Mohamed (1900–1960)	UMNO	18 February 1952	5 June 1955	–
				Alliance (UMNO)
Vacant					5 June 1955	1 October 1955	–
9			Wan Idris Ibrahim (1888–1973)	Alliance (UMNO)	1 October 1955	16 June 1959	–
Vacant					16 June 1959	27 June 1959	–
10			Hassan Yunus (1907–1968) MLC for Muar Inland, 1954–1959 MLA for Bukit Serampang, 1959–1968	Alliance (UMNO)	27 June 1959	31 January 1967	1959 (1st) 1964 (2nd)
11			Othman Saat (1927–2007) MLA for Jorak, 1959–1974 MLA for Kesang, 1974–1982	Alliance (UMNO)	4 February 1967	4 April 1982	– (2nd) 1969 (3rd) 1974 (4th) 1978 (5th)
				BN (UMNO)
12			Abdul Ajib Ahmad (1947–2011) MLA for Endau, 1982–1986	BN (UMNO)	29 April 1982	12 August 1986	1982 (6th)
13			Muhyiddin Yassin (b. 1947) MLA for Bukit Serampang, 1986–1995	BN (UMNO)	12 August 1986	3 May 1995	1986 (7th) 1990 (8th)
14			Abdul Ghani Othman (b. 1946) MLA for Serom, 1995–2013	BN (UMNO)	3 May 1995	14 May 2013	1995 (9th) 1999 (10th) 2004 (11th) 2008 (12th)
15			Mohamed Khaled Nordin (b. 1958) MLA for Permas, 2013-2018	BN (UMNO)	14 May 2013	12 May 2018	2013 (13th)
16			Osman Sapian (b. 1951) MLA for Kempas, 1999–2013, since 2018	PH (PPBM)	12 May 2018	8 April 2019	2018 (14th)
Vacant					9 April 2019	13 April 2019	–
17			Sahruddin Jamal (b. 1975) MLA for Bukit Kepong, since 2018	PH (PPBM)	14 April 2019	28 February 2020	– (14th)
18			Hasni Mohammad (b. 1959) MLA for Benut, since 2008	BN (UMNO)	28 February 2020	Incumbent	– (14th)