Pakatan Harapan
Pakatan Harapan (PH) is a Malaysian political coalition which is preceded by the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. At the federal level, it was shortly the government and ruling coalition from its victory in the 2018 Malaysian general election in May 2018 to February 2020 for almost 22 months when Mahathir Mohamad, the 7th Prime Minister in its administration and from it resigned and triggered the 2020 Malaysian political crisis. It was established in September 2015 as an opposition political coalition against the then-ruling Barisan Nasional coalition that ruled the nation from its independence in August 1957 (BN's direct predecessor was known as the ALLIANCE coalition) to its defeat in the 2018 Malaysian general election in May 2018 for almost 61 years. Its main allied political parties are the Sabah Heritage Party, United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation, Homeland Fighters' Party and Malaysian United Democratic Alliance. It is also the largest political coalition with 91 seats in the Dewan Rakyat. While at the state level, it is the state government and ruling coalition in three of the 13 states across the nation, they are Penang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. [note 1] It also garners the two-thirds majority in the state legislative assemblies of Penang and Selangor to form the strong, formidable and convincing state governments.
Alliance of Hope | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Malay name | Pakatan Harapan ڤاكتن هارڤن |
| Chinese name | 希望聯盟 希望联盟 Xīwàng liánméng |
| Tamil name | நம்பிக்கை கூட்டணி Nampikkai kūṭṭaṇi |
| Abbreviation | PH |
| Chairman | Anwar Ibrahim |
| President | Wan Azizah Wan Ismail |
| Deputy Presidents | Lim Guan Eng Mohamad Sabu |
| Vice-Presidents | Chong Chieng Jen Salahuddin Ayub M. Kulasegaran Christina Liew[1] |
| Founded | 22 September 2015 |
| Legalised | 16 May 2018[2] |
| Preceded by | Pakatan Rakyat |
| Headquarters | Kuala Lumpur (DAP and AMANAH) Petaling Jaya (PKR) |
| Newspaper | The Rocket Roketkini Suara Keadilan Suara Amanah Keadilan Daily Suara Pakatan Daily |
| Student wing | Mahasiswa Pakatan Harapan |
| Youth wing | Pemuda Pakatan Harapan[3][4] |
| Women's wing | Wanita Pakatan Harapan[5] |
| Ideology | Social democracy Progressivism Reformism Multiracialism Factions: Left-wing nationalism Secularism Islamic Modernism Islamic democracy Democratic socialism |
| Political position | Centre-left |
| Colours | Red and white |
| Slogan | Pakatan Harapan Rakyat! |
| Dewan Negara | 20 / 70 |
| Dewan Rakyat | 108 / 222 |
| Dewan Undangan Negeri | 227 / 607 |
| Chief minister of states | 3 / 13 |
| Election symbol | |
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| Website | |
| pakatanharapan.com.my | |
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|---|
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The coalition consists of the Democratic Action Party, People's Justice Party, National Trust Party and formerly Malaysian United Indigenous Party which left the coalition and its federal administration collapsed in February 2020, triggering the 2020 Malaysian political crisis. [6] The coalition was formed as an alliance of centre-left to centre-right parties to contest the 2018 Malaysian general election. The coalition contested the election under the logo of a component party, the PKR, due to its inability to register as an official political coalition.
After the 2018 Malaysian general election, its Chairman, 4th and former Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad was reappointed to the office as the 7th Prime Minister of Malaysia while its President, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, was appointed the 12th Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia. Following the takeover of government, a series of records was created, an opposition coalition gained victory in a general election to form a government and a change of government took place at the very first time in the history of Malaysia, Mahathir Mohamad became the first and only Prime Minister in the Pakatan Harapan administration and from Pakatan Harapan coalition, from two opposing and different political coalitions (formerly from the opposing Barisan Nasional from 1981 to 2003), served twice and separately, the oldest-serving as well as the oldest state leader in the world to take office at the age of 92, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail became the first female Deputy Prime Minister, the highest and most powerful ever political officeholder, Syed Saddiq became the youngest Minister to take office at the age of 25 and P Prabakaran became the youngest Member of Parliament to take office at the age of 22 and lastly, Pakatan Harapan administration is the shortest-serving in the history of Malaysia by only serving for almost 22 months, not even reaching two years and half of its term as a government.
On 24 February 2020, Mahathir resigned as Prime Minister. BERSATU and 10 MPs from PKR subsequently withdrew from the Pakatan Harapan coalition, depriving the government of its majority in Parliament.[7][8][9]
History
Formation
Pakatan Harapan is a direct successor to the three-party Pakatan Rakyat coalition that consisted of the People's Justice Party, the Democratic Action Party and the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. Pakatan Harapan was founded on 22 September 2015, two years after the 2013 general election, due to disagreements and conflicts between PAS and DAP mainly regarding the issue of the implementation of the sharia law, resulting in PAS splitting off from Pakatan Rakyat and the break-up of the coalition on 16 June 2015.[10][11] The dissolution resulted in the formation of a new coalition named Pakatan Harapan, consisting the former Pakatan Rakyat parties, PKR and DAP, and a PAS split-off party, the National Trust Party.[12][13]
On 12 November 2016, a United Malays National Organisation split-off party, the Malaysian United Indigenous Party, founded and led by former Malaysian Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, confirmed that the party was committed to joining the opposition bloc Pakatan Harapan.[14][15] Later, on 13 December, the party formed an electoral pact with Pakatan Harapan,[16] and finally on 14 March 2017, BERSATU officially joined Pakatan Harapan as a member party.[17]
2018 general election
On 14 July 2017, the Presidential council line-up was confirmed. A common logo was also introduced with the word “Harapan” with the “A” shaped as a chevron in white on a red background. The logo was initially planned to be used by all participating candidates for the 2018 general election, but the use of the logo and registration of the coalition was denied by the Election Commission.[18] To pursue the coalition's plan to contest under a common logo, Pakatan announced that the PKR logo will be used by all component parties of the coalition as its election symbol in the elections,[19] excluding for DAP who chose to contest under their own party flag in Sabah and Sarawak.[20][21][22]
The coalition secured an electoral pact with the Sabah-based Sabah Heritage Party for the 2018 general election. WARISAN's president, Shafie Apdal, promised that the party would be represented on the federal cabinet if the coalition came to power,[23] adding that through the electoral pact they will only co-operate with Pakatan as an ally, and not joining the pact as a component party since they will only contest in Sabah, not in Peninsular Malaysia.[24] In that election, Pakatan Harapan swept the election and formed the government in a surprise upset overturning the former ruling party UMNO's decades of uninterrupted rule, as the Malay vote was dissatisfied and mainly went to Amanah and popular former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's party Bersatu, while the Chinese vote was solidly behind parties like DAP and PKR. Following the surprise victory of Pakatan Harapan and WARISAN in the general election, the United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation announced that they have left Barisan Nasional and will form a new Sabah state government with WARISAN and Pakatan Harapan.[25] UPKO and WARISAN are currently both the allies for Pakatan Harapan since both parties are also allied towards each others in Sabah.[26]
At the state level, due to 2018 general election results the coalition formed the government in the states of Kedah, Penang, Perak, Selangor, Melaka Negeri Sembilan, Johor and Sabah.[note 2] Pakatan Harapan also forms a government with a two-thirds majority in the states of Penang, Selangor and Johor.
Post-election
On 16 May 2018, the coalition was officially registered.[27]
On 24 February 2020, Mahathir resigned as the Prime Minister. PPBM, which had 26 MPs, withdrew from the ruling Pakatan Harapan coalition. In addition, 11 MPs from PKR resigned from the party to form an independent bloc. This leaves Pakatan Harapan 37 seats short of the 112 seats needed to form a government. The surprise announcement came amid speculation that Mahathir was attempting to form a new ruling coalition that would exclude his designated successor Anwar Ibrahim.[7][8][9] However, Anwar later clarified to reporters that Mahathir did not orchestrate the act. These events also resulted in the number of Pakatan Harapan coalition member parties returned to the original three.[28]
At the state level, Pakatan Harapan lost control of Johor, Melaka, Kedah and Perak. A few PKR, DAP and AMANAH representatives in the state legislative assemblies quit their party and expressed support for the new government Perikatan Nasional in those four states.[29][30][31][32]
Member parties, allied parties and strategic partners
| Flag | Name | Ideology | Leader(s) | Seats contested |
2018 result | Current seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | Composition | |||||||
| Member parties | |||||||||
 |
DAP | Democratic Action Party Parti Tindakan Demokratik |
Social democracy | Lim Guan Eng | 47 | 17.37% | 42 / 222 |
42 / 108 | |
 |
PKR | People's Justice Party Parti Keadilan Rakyat |
Social justice | Anwar Ibrahim | 71 | 16.94% | 47 / 222 |
38 / 108 | |
 |
AMANAH | National Trust Party Parti Amanah Negara |
Islamic modernism | Mohamad Sabu | 34 | 5.43% | 11 / 222 |
11 / 108 | |
| Allied parties (PH Plus) | |||||||||
 |
WARISAN | Sabah Heritage Party Parti Warisan Sabah |
Sabah regionalism | Shafie Apdal | 17 | 2.32% | 8 / 222 |
8 / 108 | |
 |
PEJUANG | Homeland Fighters' Party Parti Pejuang Tanah Air[33][34] |
National conservatism | Mahathir Mohamad | N/A | N/A | 0 / 222 |
4 / 108 | |
| PSB | Sarawak United Party Parti Sarawak Bersatu |
Sarawakian Regionalism | Wong Soon Koh | N/A | N/A | 0 / 222 |
2 / 108 | ||
 |
UPKO | United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu |
Sabah regionalism | Wilfred Madius Tangau | 4 (under BN) |
0.47% | 1 / 222 |
1 / 108 | |
 |
MUDA | Malaysian United Democratic Alliance Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia[35][36] |
Youth politics | Syed Saddiq | N/A | N/A | 0 / 222 |
1 / 108 | |
 |
MAP | Malaysian Advancement Party Parti Kemajuan Malaysia |
Egalitarianism | Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy | N/A | N/A | 0 / 222 |
0 / 108 | |
| Strategic partners | |||||||||
| MIRA | Minority Rights Action Party Parti Tindakan Hak Minoriti |
Liberal democracy | S. Gobi Krishnan | N/A | N/A | 0 / 222 |
0 / 108 | ||
 |
HINDRAF | Hindu Rights Action Force Barisan Bertindak Hak-Hak Hindu |
Indian interests | Uthayakumar Ponnusamy Vasantha Kumar Krishnan Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy Manoharan Malayaram Ganabatirau Veraman |
N/A | N/A | 0 / 222 |
0 / 108 | |
 |
IND | Independent Ahli Parlimen Bebas |
N/A | Maszlee Malik (P151 Simpang Renggam) |
24 | 0.59% | 3 / 222 |
1 / 108 | |
Leadership structure
.png.webp)
- Chairman:
- Anwar Ibrahim (PKR)
- President:
- Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR)
- Deputy President:
- Lim Guan Eng (DAP)
- Mohamad Sabu (AMANAH)
- Vice-President:
- Chong Chieng Jen (DAP)
- Salahuddin Ayub (AMANAH)
- M. Kulasegaran (DAP)
- Christina Liew (PKR)
- Chief Secretary:
- Treasurer:
- Husam Musa (AMANAH)
- Women Chief:
- Vacant
- Youth Chief:
- Prabakaran M. Parameswaran (PKR)
- Elections Director:
- Vacant
- State Chairman:
- Johor: Aminolhuda Hassan (AMANAH)
- Kedah: Johari Abdul (PKR)
- Kelantan: Wan Abd Rahim (AMANAH)
- Malacca: Adly Zahari (AMANAH)
- Negeri Sembilan: Aminuddin Harun (PKR)
- Pahang: Fauzi Abdul Rahman (PKR)
- Perak: Abdul Aziz Bari (DAP)
- Perlis: Asrul Nizan Abd Jalil (PKR)
- Penang: Chow Kon Yeow (DAP)
- Sabah: Christina Liew (PKR)
- Sarawak: Chong Chieng Jen (DAP)
- Selangor: Amirudin Shari (PKR)
- Terengganu: Raja Kamarul Bahrin (AMANAH)
- Federal Territory: Tan Kok Wai (DAP)
|}
Elected representatives
Senators
- His Majesty's appointee:
- Liew Chin Tong (DAP)
- Raja Kamarul Bahrin (AMANAH)
- Waytha Moorthy Ponnusamy (HINDRAF/MAP)
- Monalan Mohamad (PKR)
- Mohamad Imran Abdul Hamid (PKR)
- Alan Ling Sie Kiong (DAP)
- Adrian Banie Lasimbang (DAP)
- Husam Musa (AMANAH)
- Raj Munni Sabu (AMANAH)
- Theodore Douglas Lind (WARISAN)
- Marzuki Yahya (PEJUANG)
- Penang State Legislative Assembly:
- Mohd. Yusmadi Mohd. Yusoff (PKR)
- Lim Hui Ying (DAP)
- Perak State Legislative Assembly:
- Ismail Yusop (PKR)
- Nga Hock Cheh (DAP)
- Selangor State Legislative Assembly:
- Suresh Singh (DAP)
- Yaakob Sapari (PKR)
- Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly:
- Kesavadas A. Achyuthan Nair (DAP)
- Ahmad Azam Hamzah (PKR)
- Sabah State Legislative Assembly:
- Donald Peter Mojuntin (UPKO)
Members of Parliament of the 14th Malaysian Parliament
Pakatan Harapan has 108 members in the House of Representatives (with allied parties).
Dewan Undangan Negeri (State Legislative Assembly)
| State | No. | State Constituency | Member | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Perlis | N7 | Sena | Asrul Nizan Abd Jalil | PKR | ||
| N8 | Indera Kayangan | Gan Ay Ling | PKR | |||
| N9 | Kuala Perlis | Nor Azam Karap | PKR | |||
 Kedah | N3 | Kota Siputeh | Salmee Said | AMANAH | ||
| N6 | Jitra | Mukhriz Mahathir | PEJUANG | |||
| N11 | Derga | Tan Kok Yew | DAP | |||
| N12 | Suka Menanti | Zamri Yusuf | PKR | |||
| N13 | Kota Darul Aman | Teh Swee Leong | DAP | |||
| N14 | Alor Mengkudu | Phahrolrazi Zawawi | AMANAH | |||
| N15 | Anak Bukit | Amiruddin Hamzah | PEJUANG | |||
| N16 | Kubang Rotan | Mohd. Asmirul Anuar Rais | AMANAH | |||
| N17 | Pengkalan Kundor | Ismail Salleh | AMANAH | |||
| N22 | Gurun | Johari Abdul | PKR | |||
| N25 | Bukit Selambau | Summugam Rengasamy | PKR | |||
| N28 | Bakar Arang | Ooi Tze Min | PKR | |||
| N35 | Kulim | Yeo Keng Chuan | PKR | |||
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Penang | N2 | Pinang Tunggal | Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman | PKR | ||
| N6 | Telok Ayer Tawar | Mustapha Kamal Ahmad | PKR | |||
| N7 | Sungai Puyu | Phee Boon Poh | DAP | |||
| N8 | Bagan Jermal | Soon Lip Chee | DAP | |||
| N9 | Bagan Dalam | Satees Muniandy | DAP | |||
| N11 | Permatang Pasir | Muhammad Faiz Mohamed Fadzil | AMANAH | |||
| N12 | Penanti | Norlela Ariffin | PKR | |||
| N13 | Berapit | Heng Lee Lee | DAP | |||
| N14 | Machang Bubok | Lee Khai Loon | PKR | |||
| N15 | Padang Lalang | Chong Eng | DAP | |||
| N16 | Perai | Ramasamy Palanisamy | DAP | |||
| N17 | Bukit Tengah | Gooi Hsiao-Leung | PKR | |||
| N18 | Bukit Tambun | Goh Choon Aik | PKR | |||
| N19 | Jawi | H’ng Mooi Lye | DAP | |||
| N21 | Sungai Bakap | Amar Pritpal Abdullah | PKR | |||
| N22 | Tanjong Bunga | Zairil Khir Johari | DAP | |||
| N23 | Air Putih | Lim Guan Eng | DAP | |||
| N24 | Kebun Bunga | Ong Khan Lee | PKR | |||
| N25 | Pulau Tikus | Lee Chun Kit | DAP | |||
| N26 | Padang Kota | Chow Kon Yeow | DAP | |||
| N27 | Pengkalan Kota | Gooi Zi Sen | DAP | |||
| N28 | Komtar | Teh Lai Heng | DAP | |||
| N29 | Datok Keramat | Jagdeep Singh Deo | DAP | |||
| N30 | Sungai Pinang | Lim Siew Khim | DAP | |||
| N31 | Batu Lancang | Ong Ah Teong | DAP | |||
| N32 | Seri Delima | Syerleena Abdul Rashid | DAP | |||
| N33 | Air Itam | Joseph Ng Soon Seong | DAP | |||
| N34 | Paya Terubong | Yeoh Soon Hin | DAP | |||
| N35 | Batu Uban | Kumaresan Aramugam | PKR | |||
| N36 | Pantai Jerejak | Saifuddin Nasution Ismail | PKR | |||
| N37 | Batu Maung | Abdul Halim Hussain | PKR | |||
| N38 | Bayan Lepas | Azrul Mahathir Aziz | AMANAH | |||
| N39 | Pulau Betong | Mohd.Tuah Ismail | PKR | |||
 Perak | N16 | Kamunting | Mund. Fadhil Nuruddin | AMANAH | ||
| N17 | Pokok Assam | Leow Thye Yih | DAP | |||
| N18 | Aulong | Nga Kor Ming | DAP | |||
| N22 | Jalong | Loh Sze Yee | DAP | |||
| N23 | Manjoi | Asmuni Awi | AMANAH | |||
| N24 | Hulu Kinta | Muhamad Arafat Varisai Mahamad | PKR | |||
| N25 | Canning | Jenny Choy Tsi Jen | DAP | |||
| N26 | Tebing Tinggi | Abdul Aziz Bari | DAP | |||
| N27 | Pasir Pinji | Howard Lee | DAP | |||
| N28 | Bercham | Ong Boon Piow | DAP | |||
| N29 | Kepayang | Ko Chung Sen | DAP | |||
| N31 | Jelapang | Cheah Poh Hian | DAP | |||
| N32 | Menglembu | Chaw Kam Foon | DAP | |||
| N37 | Pantai Remis | Wong May Ing | DAP | |||
| N38 | Astaka | Teoh Yee Chern | DAP | |||
| N42 | Keranji | Chong Zhemin | DAP | |||
| N44 | Sungai Rapat | Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin | AMANAH | |||
| N45 | Simpang Pulai | Tan Kar Hing | PKR | |||
| N46 | Teja | Ng Shy Ching | PKR | |||
| N51 | Pasir Panjang | Yahaya Mat Nor | AMANAH | |||
| N55 | Pasir Bedamar | Terence Naidu Rajan Naidu @ Rajanaidu | DAP | |||
| N57 | Sungkai | Sivanesan Achalingam | DAP | |||
| N59 | Behrang | Aminuddin Zulkipli | AMANAH | |||
 Pahang | N1 | Tanah Rata | Chiong Yoke Kong | DAP | ||
| N7 | Tras | Chow Yu Hui | DAP | |||
| N13 | Semambu | Lee Chean Chung | PKR | |||
| N14 | Teruntum | Sim Chon Siang | PKR | |||
| N30 | Mentakab | Woo Chee Wan | DAP | |||
| N33 | Bilut | Lee Chin Chen | DAP | |||
| N34 | Ketari | Young Syefura Othman | DAP | |||
| N35 | Sabai | Kamache Doray Rajoo | DAP | |||
| N36 | Triang | Leong Yu Man | DAP | |||
 Selangor | N2 | Sabak | Ahmad Mustain Othman | PKR | ||
| N4 | Sekinchan | Ng Suee Lim | DAP | |||
| N6 | Kuala Kubu Baharu | Lee Kee Hiong | DAP | |||
| N7 | Batang Kali | Harumaini Omar | PEJUANG | |||
| N9 | Permatang | Rozana Zainal Abidin | PKR | |||
| N10 | Bukit Melawati | Juwairiya Zulkifli | PKR | |||
| N11 | Ijok | Idris Ahmad | PKR | |||
| N12 | Jeram | Mohd Shaid Rosli | PEJUANG | |||
| N13 | Kuang | Sallehudin Amiruddin | PEJUANG | |||
| N14 | Rawang | Chua Wei Kiat | PKR | |||
| N15 | Taman Templer | Mohd Sany Hamzan | AMANAH | |||
| N16 | Sungai Tua | Amirudin Shari | PKR | |||
| N18 | Hulu Kelang | Saari Sungib | AMANAH | |||
| N21 | Pandan Indah | Izham Hashim | AMANAH | |||
| N22 | Teratai | Lai Wai Chong | DAP | |||
| N23 | Dusun Tua | Edry Faizal Eddy Yusof | DAP | |||
| N25 | Kajang | Hee Loy Sian | PKR | |||
| N26 | Sungai Ramal | Mazwan Johar | AMANAH | |||
| N27 | Balakong | Wong Siew Ki | DAP | |||
| N28 | Seri Kembangan | Ean Yong Hiah Wah | DAP | |||
| N29 | Seri Serdang | Siti Mariah Mahmud | AMANAH | |||
| N30 | Kinrara | Ng Sze Han | DAP | |||
| N31 | Subang Jaya | Michelle Ng Mei Sze | DAP | |||
| N32 | Seri Setia | Halimey Abu Bakar | PKR | |||
| N33 | Taman Medan | Syamsul Firdaus Mohamed Supri | PKR | |||
| N34 | Bukit Gasing | Rajiv Rishyakaran | DAP | |||
| N35 | Kampung Tunku | Lim Yi Wei | DAP | |||
| N36 | Bandar Utama | Jamaliah Jamaluddin | DAP | |||
| N37 | Bukit Lanjan | Elizabeth Wong | PKR | |||
| N38 | Paya Jaras | Mohd.Khairuddin Othman | PKR | |||
| N39 | Kota Damansara | Shatiri Mansor | PKR | |||
| N40 | Kota Anggerik | Najwan Halimi | PKR | |||
| N41 | Batu Tiga | Rodziah Ismail | PKR | |||
| N42 | Meru | Mohd. Fakhrulrazi Mohd. Mokhtar | PKR | |||
| N45 | Bandar Baru Klang | Teng Chang Khim | DAP | |||
| N46 | Pelabuhan Klang | Azmizam Zaman Huri | PKR | |||
| N47 | Pandamaran | Leong Tuck Chee | DAP | |||
| N48 | Sentosa | Gunaraj George | PKR | |||
| N49 | Sungai Kandis | Mohd.Zawawi Ahmad Mughni | PKR | |||
| N50 | Kota Kemuning | Ganabatirau Veraman | DAP | |||
| N51 | Tanjong Sepat | Borhan Ahmad Shah | PKR | |||
| N52 | Banting | Lau Weng San | DAP | |||
| N53 | Morib | Hasnul Baharuddin | AMANAH | |||
| N56 | Sungai Pelek | Ronnie Liu Tian Khiew | DAP | |||
 Negeri Sembilan | N1 | Chennah | Anthony Loke Siew Fook | DAP | ||
| N4 | Kelawang | Bakri Sawir | AMANAH | |||
| N8 | Bahau | Teo Kok Seong | DAP | |||
| N9 | Lenggeng | Suhaimi Kassim | AMANAH | |||
| N10 | Nilai | Arul Kumar Jambunathan | DAP | |||
| N11 | Lobak | Chew She Yong | DAP | |||
| N12 | Temiang | Ng Chin Tsai | DAP | |||
| N13 | Sikamat | Aminuddin Harun | PKR | |||
| N14 | Ampangan | Mohamad Rafie Ab. Malik | PKR | |||
| N18 | Pilah | Mohamad Nazaruddin Sabtu | PKR | |||
| N20 | Labu | Ismail Ahmad | PKR | |||
| N21 | Bukit Kepayang | Nichole Tan Lee Koon | DAP | |||
| N22 | Rahang | Mary Josephine Pritam Singh | DAP | |||
| N23 | Mambau | Yap Yew Weng | DAP | |||
| N24 | Seremban Jaya | Gunasekaren Palasamy | DAP | |||
| N25 | Paroi | Mohd Taufek Abd Ghani | AMANAH | |||
| N29 | Chuah | Yek Diew Ching | PKR | |||
| N30 | Lukut | Choo Ken Hwa | DAP | |||
| N33 | Sri Tanjong | Ravi Munasamy | PKR | |||
| N36 | Repah | Veerapan Superamaniam | DAP | |||
 Melaka | N7 | Gadek | Saminathan Ganesan | DAP | ||
| N8 | Machap Jaya | Ginie Lim | PKR | |||
| N9 | Durian Tunggal | Mohd Sofi Abdul Wahab | AMANAH | |||
| N14 | Klebang | Gue Teck | PKR | |||
| N16 | Ayer Keroh | Kerk Chee Yee | DAP | |||
| N17 | Bukit Katil | Adly Zahari | AMANAH | |||
| N19 | Kesidang | Seah Shoo Chin | DAP | |||
| N20 | Kota Laksamana | Low Chee Leong | DAP | |||
| N21 | Duyong | Damian Yeo Shen Li | DAP | |||
| N22 | Bandar Hilir | Tey Kok Kiew | DAP | |||
| N24 | Bemban | Wong Fort Pin | DAP | |||
 Johor | N2 | Jementah | Tan Chen Choon | DAP | ||
| N4 | Kemelah | Sulaiman Mohd Nor | AMANAH | |||
| N6 | Bekok | Ramakrishnan Suppiah | DAP | |||
| N10 | Tangkak | Ee Chin Li | DAP | |||
| N11 | Serom | Faizul Amri Adnan | AMANAH | |||
| N12 | Bentayan | Ng Yak Howe | DAP | |||
| N13 | Simpang Jeram | Salahuddin Ayub | AMANAH | |||
| N14 | Bukit Naning | Md.Ysahrudin Kusni | PKR | |||
| N15 | Maharani | Nor Hayati Bachok | AMANAH | |||
| N17 | Semerah | Mohd. Khuzzan Abu Bakar | PKR | |||
| N19 | Yong Peng | Chew Peck Choo | DAP | |||
| N21 | Parit Yaani | Amunolhuda Hassan | AMANAH | |||
| N23 | Penggaram | Gan Peck Cheng | DAP | |||
| N24 | Senggarang | Khairuddin A. Rahim | AMANAH | |||
| N28 | Mengkibol | Chew Chong Sin | DAP | |||
| N29 | Mahkota | Muhamad Said Jonit | AMANAH | |||
| N30 | Paloh | Sheikh Umar Bagharib Ali | DAP | |||
| N40 | Tiram | Gopalakrishnan Subramaniam | PKR | |||
| N42 | Johor Jaya | Liow Chai Tung | DAP | |||
| N45 | Stulang | Chen Kah Eng | DAP | |||
| N46 | Perling | Cheo Yee How | DAP | |||
| N48 | Skudai | Tan Hong Pin | DAP | |||
| N49 | Kota Iskandar | Dzulkefly Ahmad | AMANAH | |||
| N51 | Bukit Batu | Jimmy Pua Wee Tse | PKR | |||
| N52 | Senai | Tee Boon Tsong | DAP | |||
| N54 | Pulai Sebatang | Muhammad Taqiuddin Che'man | AMANAH | |||
| N55 | Pekan Nanas | Yeo Tung Siong | DAP | |||
 Sabah | N1 | Banggi | Mohamad Mohammarin | WARISAN | ||
| N4 | Tanjong Kapor | Ben Chong Chen Bin | WARISAN | |||
| N11 | Kadamaian | Ewon Benedick | UPKO | |||
| N17 | Karambunai | Azhar Matussin | WARISAN | |||
| N18 | Inanam | Peto Galim | PKR | |||
| N19 | Likas | Tan Lee Fatt | DAP | |||
| N20 | Api-Api | Chtistiina Liew | PKR | |||
| N21 | Luyang | Phoong Jin Zhe | DAP | |||
| N22 | Tanjong Aru | Junz Wong Hong Bin | WARISAN | |||
| N23 | Petagas | Awang Ahmad Sah | WARISAN | |||
| N25 | Kapayan | Jannie Lasimbang | DAP | |||
| N26 | Moyog | Darell Leiking | WARISAN | |||
| N27 | Limbahau | Juil Nuatim | WARISAN | |||
| N30 | Bongawan | Dr Daud Yusof | WARISAN | |||
| N35 | Sindumin | Dr Yusof | WARISAN | |||
| N42 | Melalap | Peter Anthony | WARISAN | |||
| N50 | Gum-Gum | Arunarsin Taib | WARISAN | |||
| N53 | Sekong | Alias Haji Sani | WARISAN | |||
| N54 | Karamunting | Hiew Vun Zin | WARISAN | |||
| N55 | Elopura | Calvin Chong Ket Kiun | DAP | |||
| N56 | Tanjong Papat | Frankie Poon | DAP | |||
| N60 | Tungku | Assaffal Samsul Kamal | WARISAN | |||
| N61 | Segama | Mohammadin Ketapi | WARISAN | |||
| N62 | Silam | Dumi Masdal | WARISAN | |||
| N63 | Kunak | Norazlinah Arif | WARISAN | |||
| N64 | Sulabayan | Jaujan Sambakong | WARISAN | |||
| N65 | Senallang | Mohd Shafie Apdal | WARISAN | |||
| N66 | Bugaya | Manis Muka Mohd Darah | WARISAN | |||
| N69 | Sri Tanjong | Justin Wong Yung Bin | DAP | |||
| N70 | Kukusan | Rina Jainal | WARISAN | |||
| N72 | Merotai | Sarifudin Hata | WARISAN | |||
| N73 | Sebatik | Hassan A Gani Pg Amir | WARISAN | |||
 Sarawak | N1 | Opar | Ranum Mina | PSB | ||
| N10 | Pending | Violet Yong Wui Wui | DAP | |||
| N11 | Batu Lintang | See Chee How | PSB | |||
| N12 | Kota Sentosa | Chong Chieng Jen | DAP | |||
| N33 | Engkilili | Johnical Rayong Ngipa | PSB | |||
| N51 | Bukit Assek | Irene Mary Chang Oi Ling | DAP | |||
| N52 | Dudong | Tiong Thai King | PSB | |||
| N53 | Bawang Assan | Wong Soon Koh | PSB | |||
| N54 | Pelawan | David Wong Kee Woan | DAP | |||
| N68 | Tanjong Batu | Chiew Chiu Sing | DAP | |||
| N81 | Ba'kelalan | Baru Bian | PSB | |||
| Total | Perlis (3), Kedah (13), Penang (33), Perak (23), Pahang (9), Selangor (44), Negeri Sembilan (20), Malacca (11), Johor (27), Sabah (32), Sarawak (11) | |||||
Pakatan Harapan state governments
| State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negeri Sembilan | Menteri Besar | Aminuddin Harun | PKR | Sikamat | |
| Penang | Chief Minister | Chow Kon Yeow | DAP | Padang Kota | |
| Selangor | Menteri Besar | Amirudin Shari | PKR | Sungai Tua | |
| State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Penang | Deputy Chief Minister I | Ahmad Zakiyuddin Abdul Rahman | PKR | Pinang Tunggal | |
| Penang | Deputy Chief Minister II | Ramasamy Palanisamy | DAP | Perai | |
| State | Leader type | Member | Party | State Constituency | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Johor | Speaker | Suhaizan Kayat | AMANAH | Non-MLA | |
| Johor | Deputy Speaker | Gan Peck Cheng | DAP | Penggaram | |
| Negeri Sembilan | Speaker | Zulkefly Mohamad Omar | AMANAH | Non-MLA | |
| Negeri Sembilan | Deputy Speaker | Ravi Munusamy | PKR | Sri Tanjung | |
| Penang | Speaker | Law Choo Kiang | PKR | Non-MLA | |
| Penang | Deputy Speaker | Amar Pritpal Abdullah | PKR | Sungai Bakap | |
| Sabah | Deputy Speaker | George Anthony Ginibun | WARISAN | Non-MLA | |
| Selangor | Speaker | Ng Suee Lim | DAP | Sekinchan | |
| Selangor | Deputy Speaker | Hasnul Baharuddin | AMANAH | Morib | |
General election results
| Election | Total seats won | Seats contesed | Total votes | Voting Percentage | Outcome of election | Election leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | 121 / 222 |
222 | 5,615,822 | 45.56% |  125 seats; Governing coalition, later Opposition coalition |
Mahathir Mohamad |
State election results
| State election | State Legislative Assembly | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perlis State Legislative Assembly | Kedah State Legislative Assembly | Kelantan State Legislative Assembly | Terengganu State Legislative Assembly | Penang State Legislative Assembly | Perak State Legislative Assembly | Pahang State Legislative Assembly | Selangor State Legislative Assembly | Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly | Malacca State Legislative Assembly | Johor State Legislative Assembly | Sabah State Legislative Assembly | Sarawak State Legislative Assembly | Total won / Total contested | |
| 2/3 majority | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | 2 / 3 | |
| 2016 | 10 / 82 | |||||||||||||
| 2018 | 3 / 15 | 18 / 36 | 0 / 45 | 0 / 32 | 37 / 40 | 29 / 59 | 9 / 42 | 51 / 56 | 20 / 36 | 15 / 28 | 36 / 56 | 29 / 60 | 241 / 587 | |
| 2020 | 32 / 73 |
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| 2021 | ? / 82
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Notes
- The state government of Sabah was formed with a confidence and supply agreement with WARISAN and UPKO.
- The state government of Sabah was formed with a confidence and supply agreement with WARISAN and UPKO.
References
- Ram Anand (11 September 2017). "Pakatan Harapan adds two VPs to represent Indians, Sabahans". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 11 September 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
- Yimie Yong (17 May 2018). "It's official! Pakatan gets its certificate of registration from RoS". The Star. Archived from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
- Masriwanie Muhamading (12 May 2017). "Pakatan Harapan youth wings' economic model targeting 1mil jobs for youth". Astro Awani. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
- "Senarai penuh Majlis Pimpinan Pemuda Pakatan Harapan" (in Malay). Astro Awani. 31 October 2017. Archived from the original on 31 October 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- "Wanita Pakatan pledges to raise women in politics, economy, social welfare". The Malaysian Insight. 11 October 2017. Archived from the original on 13 June 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
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- Rizalman Hamim; Mohd Fahmi Mohd Yusof (6 April 2018). "Pakatan to use PKR logo in GE14". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
- "Opposition Pact to unveil common logo for GE14 on Friday". New Straits Times. 5 April 2018. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
In a press conference at Parliament lobby on Thursday, Lim Guan Eng however said the change will only be for peninsula in the polls and the four parties will not use the common Pakatan Harapan logo in Sabah and Sarawak for GE14 election campaign. They’re different because they have autonomy. So we respect this and they can use the DAP rocket logo.
- Julia Chan (6 April 2018). "Sabah, Sarawak Pakatan parties won't use common logo". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
This was a big decision for us, to be able to exercise our autonomy and decide for ourselves. We chose to use our own respective party flags. So, PKR, DAP and Amanah flags will be used here.
- Sharon Ling (9 April 2018). "Sarawak DAP to use rocket logo for GE14". The Star. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
We have decided that DAP will use the rocket symbol while PKR and Amanah will both use the PKR logo.
- "Warisan seals electoral pact with DAP and PKR". Malaysiakini. 2 April 2018. Archived from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.(subscription required)
- Suzianah Jiffar (2 April 2018). "Warisan will work only with Pakatan Harapan for GE14". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 21 April 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- Tan Su Lin (10 May 2018). "UPKO umum keluar BN, wujud kerajaan campuran dengan Warisan" (in Malay). Astro Awani. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- "UPKO bentuk pakatan dengan Warisan" (in Malay). Berita Harian. 10 May 2018. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 8 April 2018.
- "Pakatan Harapan is officially registered". Free Malaysia Today. 16 May 2018. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
- "Mahathir did not mastermind treacherous act, clarifies Anwar". malaysiakini. 24 February 2020. Archived from the original on 24 February 2020. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
- "Johor's Pakatan Harapan state government falls, new coalition to take over". CNA. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- "Umno leader tipped to be new Melaka Chief Minister". New Straits Times. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- "Kerajaan Pakatan Harapan Perak tumbang (Perak Pakatan Harapan government collapses)". Berita Harian. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- "Four Perak PH assemblymen quit party, support Perikatan Nasional". The Borneo Post. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2020/08/07/dr-m-to-form-new-party/
- https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2020/08/07/dr-ms-new-party-may-be-included-in-ph-plus-says-anwar/
- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/09/17/syed-saddiq-registers-new-party-malaysian-united-democratic-alliance-muda
- https://www.nst.com.my/news/politics/2020/09/625203/ready-syed-go-syed-saddiq-registers-new-party-muda
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pakatan Harapan. |
- Official website
- Pakatan Harapan on Facebook
- Alternative federal budgets (2016, 2017, 2018)
- 2019 Malaysian federal budget