Alliance Party (Malaysia)

The Alliance Party (Malay: Parti Perikatan) was a political coalition in Malaysia. The Alliance Party, whose membership comprised United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) and Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), was formally registered as a political organisation on 30 October 1957. It was the ruling coalition of Malaya from 1957 to 1963, and Malaysia from 1963 to 1973. The coalition became the Barisan Nasional in 1973.

This article is about Alliance Party, the ruling coalition party of Malaysia from 1955 to 1974. For the current ruling party (2020-present), see Perikatan Nasional.
Alliance Party
Chinese name联盟 Liánméng
Malay nameParti Perikatan
AbbreviationAlliance
FounderTunku Abdul Rahman
Tan Cheng Lock
Tun Sambanthan
Founded1952
Legalised30 October 1957 (as fully registered)
Dissolved1 July 1973
Succeeded byBarisan Nasional
HeadquartersKuala Lumpur
MembershipUnited Malays National Organisation (UMNO)
Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA)
Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC)
Sarawak National Party (SNAP)
IdeologyNationalism
Conservatism
Liberalism
Multiracialism
Political positionRight-wing to Centre-right
ColoursRoyal blue and white
Malaysia
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History

The Alliance Party had its origin in an ad hoc and temporary electoral arrangement set up between the local branches of UMNO and MCA to contest the Kuala Lumpur municipal election in 1952. The UMNO-MCA candidates won in 9 of the 12 seats contested, and their success led a firmer association between the two parties. The alliance was then joined by MIC in 1954.[1]

In 1955, in the first general election for the Federal Legislative Council in what was then the British protectorate of the Federation of Malaya, the UMNO-MCA-MIC Alliance successfully gained the great majority of seats available for contest, winning 51 of the 52 seats contested. It formally registered as a political organisation on 30 October 1957.[1][2]

The Alliance played an important role in negotiating the transition from British rule to independence, and facilitating the preparation of its constitution. In the General Election held in 1959, after the Malaya had gained independence on 31 August 1957, the Alliance won 74 of the 104 seats contested.

The Alliance is also credited with securing the formation of the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. After Malaysia came into being, the Alliance Party of the Malay peninsula became closely associated with other alliance parties in Sabah and Sarawak.

In the 1969 general election, although the Alliance Party won the most seats, it garnered less than half the popular vote due to strong challenges from the opposition parties, in particular the newly formed Democratic Action Party and Gerakan. The unease and anxiety after the election led to the May 13 riots, and the declaration of a state of emergency. After the Malaysian Parliament reconvened in 1971, negotiations began with former opposition parties such as Gerakan and People's Progressive Party, both of which joined the Alliance in 1972, quickly followed by Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party. In 1973, the Alliance Party, was formally replaced by Barisan Nasional, a coalition of 9 parties, and the Barisan Nasional was registered in June 1974 to contest the 1974 general election.[3][4]

Component parties

Alliance Party (Malaya)

Sabah Alliance

Sarawak Alliance

Singapore Alliance (1963-1965)

Elected representatives

General election results
Election Total seats won Total votes Share of votes Outcome of election Election leader
1955
51 / 52
 818,013 81.7% 51 seats; Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman
1959
74 / 104
 800,944 51.8% 23 seats; Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman
1964
89 / 104
 1,204,340 58.4% 15 seats; Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman
1969
77 / 144
 1,063,238 48.4% 12 seats; Governing coalition Tunku Abdul Rahman

State election results
State electionState Legislative Assembly
Perlis State Legislative AssemblyKedah State Legislative AssemblyKelantan State Legislative AssemblyTerengganu State Legislative AssemblyPenang State Legislative AssemblyPerak State Legislative AssemblyPahang State Legislative AssemblySelangor State Legislative AssemblyNegeri Sembilan State Legislative AssemblyMalacca State Legislative AssemblyJohor State Legislative AssemblyTotal won / Total contested
2/3 majority
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
2 / 3
1959
12 / 12
24 / 24
2 / 30
7 / 24
17 / 24
31 / 40
23 / 24
23 / 28
20 / 24
20 / 20
28 / 32
1964
11 / 12
24 / 24
9 / 30
21 / 24
18 / 24
35 / 40
24 / 24
24 / 28
24 / 24
18 / 20
32 / 32
1969
11 / 12
14 / 24
11 / 30
13 / 24
4 / 24
19 / 40
20 / 24
14 / 28
16 / 24
15 / 20
30 / 32

See also

References
  1. Keat Gin Ooi, ed. (2004). Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 138–139. ISBN 978-1576077702.
  2. Lee Hock Guan (30 July 2014). Ooi Kee Beng (ed.). ISEAS Perspective: Selections 2012-2013. ISEAS Publishing. p. 57. ISBN 978-9814519267.
  3. Keat Gin Ooi (2010). The A to Z of Malaysia. Scarecrow Press. pp. ixvi–ixvii. ISBN 978-0810876415.
  4. Joseph Liow, Michael Leifer (18 November 2014). Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-0415625326.
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